PRONUNCIATION ERRORS MADE BY CHINESE STUDENTS AT

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THESIS

By:

Rizky Putri Arinsandi

201310100311126

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

ii

iii

iv

v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

“Be as yourself as you want”

I dedicated this thesis to:

My beloved mother (Anna) and father (Winarko)

My lovely sister (Rizka Febrianti)

My lovely brother (Andhika Adi Nugroho)

My Advisors (Masyhud, M. Pd. and Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum.)

All of my friends who always support me.

vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah SWT who has given us mercy, all praises be to Allah

SWT the almighty for the blessing given to the researcher during her study and in

completing this thesis. Sholawat and Salam are also delivered to the Prophet

Muhammad SAW who has brought from stupidity to cleverness that is islam.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my first advisor Masyhud.,

M.Pd., for giving me guidance and help to finish this thesis. I would like to extend

my sincere thanks to Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum., as my second advisor for his kindness

and suggestion. I also thank to all my lecturers in English Education for all your

time to share your knowledge.

My greatest sincere appreciation is for my parents. First, my mother,

Anna, for her endless love, pray, and support. Second, my father, Winarko, for

always taking care of me. The last is to my beloved sister and brother, Rizka

Febrianti and Andhika Adi Nugroho, who always support me to finish this thesis.

Their motivation, advice, support, and praying have been making the researcher to

be a better person.

Special thanks are also given to all of my friends who have given their

support to me. Then, thanks to BCT squad and Nadhiva who made my life full of

joy.

Malang, April 2018

Rizky Putri Arinsandi

vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL ........................................................................................................... ii

LEGALIZATION .................................................................................................. iii

ORIGINALITY DECLARATION ........................................................................ iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATIONS .............................................................................. v

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... x

LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I-INTRODUCTION

1.1 Research Background .................................................................................. 1

1.2 Research Problems ....................................................................................... 5

1.3 Research Objectives ..................................................................................... 5

1.4 Scope and Limitation ................................................................................... 5

1.6 Research Significance .................................................................................. 5

1.7 Definition of the Key Terms ........................................................................ 6

CHAPTER II-REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Speaking ....................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Pronunciation ............................................................................................... 8

2.2.1 The Indicators of Good Pronunciation ................................................ 8

2.2.2. The Elements of Pronunciation .......................................................... 9

2.3 Error ........................................................................................................... 11

2.3.1 Types of Errors .................................................................................. 12

2.3.2 The Causes of Pronunciation ..... .......................................................13

2.4 Error Versus Mistake. .......... .........................................................................14

CHAPTER III-RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ........................................................................................ 16

3.2 Research Subject ........................................................................................ 16

viii

3.3 Data Collection ........................................................................................... 17

3.3.1 Technique and Instrument ................................................................. 17

3.3.2 Procedure of Data Collection ............................................................ 18

3.4 Data Analysis ............................................................................................. 18

CHAPTER IV-RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings ...................................................................................................... 20

4.1.1 The Pronunciation Error Made by Chinese Students ........................ 20

4.1.1.1 Errors in Pronouncing Consonant Sounds ..................................... 21

4.1.1.2 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sounds ............................................ 22

4.1.1.3 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sounds ...... ...............................24

4.2 Discussion .................................................................................................. 25

CHAPTER V-CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 27

5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................................. 28

5.2.1 Suggestion for The Lecture ............................................................... 28

5.2.2 Suggestion for The Student ............................................................... 28

5.2.3 Suggestion for The Further Researchers ........................................... 29

REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 30

APPENDICES

ix

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 Manner of Articulation ......................................................................... 11

Table 3.1 Types of Pronunciation Errors .............................................................. 19

Table 4.1 The Result of Pronunciation Errors ...................................................... 20

Table 4.2 Errors in Pronouncing Consonant Sounds ............................................. 21

Table 4.3 Errors in Pronouncing Vowel Sounds ....................................................... 23

Table 4.4 Errors in Pronouncing Diphthong Sounds .................................................. 24

x

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX:

1. Pronunciation Test ................................................................................... 33

2. The Result of Pronunciation Error Test ................................................... 34

3. The Result of Pronunciation Error ............................................................ 36

xi

REFERENCES

Alimemaj, Z. M. (2014). English Phonological Problem Encountered by Albanian

Learners. Eroupean Scientific Journal 10, 159-164.

Amara, Naimi. (2015). Errors Correction in Foreign Language Teaching. The

Online Journal of New Horizons in Education – July 2015 Vol. 5, Issue 3.

AMEP Research Centre. 2002. What is Pronunciation. Macquarie University.

Sydney Australia.

Arikunto, S. (2006). Procedure Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Ed Revision

VI, PT Rineka Cipta: Jakarta.

Brown, H. Douglas (2000). Principles of Language Learning & Teaching. Fourth

Edition. New York:Longman.

Burns, A. (2003). Clearly speaking: Pronunciation in action for teachers.

Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109.

Creswell, John W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed

Methods Approaches. 4th Edition. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, Inc.

Crystal, David. (2008). A Dictionary Of Linguistics And Phonetics. Sixth Edition.

ISBN : 978-1-405-15296-9.

Ellis, R. (2003). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Tenth Impression.

Oxford University Press, Oxford Uk.

xii

Fraser, H. (2000). Coordinating Improvements in Pronunciation Teaching for

Adult Learners of English as A Second Language. Canberra: DETYA

(Australia National Training Authority Adult Literacy Project).

Gilakjani, A. Pourhosein (2012). How Can EFL Teachers Help EFL Learners

Improve Their English Pronunciation?Journal of Language Teaching and

Research, Vol. 7, September 2016.

Harmer, J. (2007). How to teach English. Longman, ISBN 1405853093,

9781405853095.

Hassan, E. M. I. (2014). Pronunciation Problems: A Case Study of English

Language Students at Sudan University of Science and Technology.

Canadian Center of Science and Education. Vol. 4, No. 4

Herman.(2016). Students’ Difficulties in Pronuncing the English Labiodental

Sounds. Communication and Linguistics Studies.Vol. 2, No. 1, 2016, doi:

10.11648/j.cls.20160201.11

Jabeen, Aqsan. (2015). The Role of Error Analysis in Teaching and Learning of

Second and Foreign Language. Education and Linguistic Research. ISSN

2377- 1356 2015, Vol.1, No 2.

Kelly, G. (2004). How to Teach Pronunciation. Pearson Education Limited

Keshavarz, M. Hossein (2017). An Investigation into Pronunciation Problems of

Hausa Speaking Learners of English. International Online Journal of

Education and Teaching (IOJET), 4(1).61-72.

xiii

Lili, Gao. (2005). Pronunciation Difficulties Analysis : A Case Study Using Native

Language Linguistics Background To Understand A Chinese English

Learners’ Pronunciation Problem. Celea Journal. Vol.28. No.2

Nunan, D. (2003). Practical English Language Teaching. First Edition

International Edition 2003. ISBN 007-282062-4.

Sugiyono, (2015). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif,

Kualitatif dan R&D). CV. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Yates, L., & Zielinski, B. (2009). Give it a go: Teaching Pronunciation to Adults.

AMEP Research Centre, Department of Immigration and Citizenship,

Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.