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S tructures Internal to the Cell Wall
1. Plasma Membrane2. Cytoplasm3. Nuclear area4. Ribosomes5.
Inclusion bodies6. Endospores
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Plasma Membrane / CytoplasmicMembrane
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Phospholipid bilayer
Peripheral proteinsIntegral proteinsTransmembrane proteins
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Selective permeability allows passage of somemolecules
L arge molecules inhibitedSmall molecules allowed to pass
- H+, O, L ipid soluble
Damage to the membrane by alcohols,quaternary ammonium
(detergents) andpolymyxin antibiotics causes leakage of
cellcontents.
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Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the substance inside the plasmamembrane
- 80% water, proteins, CHON, L ipidsinorganic ions
- where the nuclear area, ribosomes& ribosomes are
found.
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Nuclear A rea
Stores the bacterial genetic information.No nuclear envelope
A ttached to plasma membraneBacterial Chromosomes
- single, long, continuously arranged doublestranded DN A .
Plasmid
- small, circular double stranded DN A separate from chromosomal
DN A capableof replicating
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Function of Plasmids :1. Genes for antibiotic resistance2.
Tolerance to toxic metals3. Production of toxins4. Synthesis of
enzymes
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R ibosomes
Circular, Site of protein synthesisSite for antibiotic
attachment
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Endospores
Resting cells , formed when essential nutrientsare
depletedResistant to desiccation, heat, chemicalsBacillus,
Clostridium
S porulation : Endospore formationG ermination : Return to
vegetative state
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Eukaryotic Cells
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F lagella and Cilia
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Cell Wall
Cell wallPlants, algae, fungiCarbohydrates
Cellulose, chitin, glucan, mannanG lycocalyx
Carbohydrates extending from animalplasma membrane
Bonded to proteins and lipids in membraneNo Peptidoglycan
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Plasma Membrane
Phospholipid bilayer Peripheral proteinsIntegral
proteinsTransmembrane proteinsSterolsGlycocalyx
carbohydratesSelective permeability allows passage of
somemolecules
Simple diffusion
Facilitative diffusionOsmosis
A ctive transport
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Endocytosis
Phagocytosis : Pseudopods extend and engulf particlesPinocytosis
: Membrane folds inward bringing in
fluid and dissolved substances
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OrganellesMembrane-bound:Nucleus Contains chromosomesER
Transport networkGolgi complex Membrane formation and
secretion
L ysosome Digestive enzymesVacuole Brings food into
cells/stores
Mitochondrion Cellular respirationChloroplast
PhotosynthesisPeroxisome Oxidation of fatty acids;
destroys H2O2
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Nucleus
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Endoplasmic R eticulum
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G olgi Complex
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L ysosomes
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Mitochondrion
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Chloroplast
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