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PROKARYOTIC VS.
EUKARYOTIC
6 KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION
PROKARYOTES:
NO NUCLEUS
EUKARYOTES:
HAVE A NUCLEUS
Two Fundamentally Different Types of Cells
A PROKARYOTIC CELL
A EUKARYOTIC CELL
1. PROKARYOTES: HAS NO NUCLUES– Pro = before – karyon = “kernel” or nucleus– THEY HAVE DNA! – NO NUCLEUS JUST MEANS THAT THE
DNA IS NOT ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE
– CALLED A NUCLEOID
2 CELL TYPES
A Sense of Scale and Abundance – Bacteria on the Head of a PinA Sense of Scale and Abundance – Bacteria on the Head of a Pin
2. EUKARYOTES: HAS A NUCLEUS – Eu = true– karyon = nucleus– HAVE DNA ENCLOSED IN A MEMBRANE
?
?
07-08 Biology rules!
(b) A thin section through the bacterium Bacillus coagulans (TEM)
Pili: attachment structures onthe surface of some prokaryotes
Nucleoid: region where thecell’s DNA is located (notenclosed by a membrane)
Ribosomes: organelles thatsynthesize proteins
Plasma membrane: membraneenclosing the cytoplasm
Cell wall: rigid structure outsidethe plasma membrane
Capsule: jelly-like outer coatingof many prokaryotes
Flagella: locomotionorganelles ofsome bacteria
(a) A typical drawing of rod-shaped bacterium
0.5 µmBacterial
chromosome
micrometers
QUIZ
• Use the next slide to quiz yourself on the parts of a prokaryotic organism
07-08 Biology rules!
CELL WALLCAPSULE
CELL MEMBRANE
NUCLEIOD (DNA)RIBOSOMES
PILI
FLAGELLA
8.CYTOPLASM
07-08 Biology rules!
COMPARISON• Prokaryotes
– No real nucleus– Less complex– Ribosomes only– One circular chromosome– Unicellular or colonial– Cell wall made of
polysaccharide peptidoglycan
– Cell membrane– Reproduce by binary fission– Sexual reproduction by
transfer of DNA fragments
• Eukaryotes– True Nucleus – More complex– Many organelles– Many Linear chromosomes– Unicellular or multicellular– Cell wall (plants & fungus)
not made of peptidoglycan
– Cell membrane (all)– Reproduce by mitosis– Sexual reproduction by
meiosis
VENN DIAGRAM
THE UNDERLINED CHARACTERISTICS ARE THE ONES THAT WILL MOST LIKELY BE SEEN ON THE STAAR TEST.
07-08 Biology rules!
