PROGRESSIVE REFORMPROGRESSIVE REFORMChapter 9Chapter 9

1890-19201890-1920

Origins of ProgressivismOrigins of Progressivism

Socialist: Economic and political philosophy Socialist: Economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control. favoring public or government control. Wanted wealth distributed equally.Wanted wealth distributed equally.

Union Members/Labor Movement: Wanted Union Members/Labor Movement: Wanted economic change, but focused on workers economic change, but focused on workers rights.rights.

Municipal Reformers: Wanted reform in civil Municipal Reformers: Wanted reform in civil services. Based on merit instead of favors to services. Based on merit instead of favors to eliminate government corruption.eliminate government corruption.

MuckrakersMuckrakers Definition: Journalists that alerted the public of Definition: Journalists that alerted the public of

wrongdoings in government or businesses.wrongdoings in government or businesses. Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil, Exposed slumlords, sweatshops, Standard Oil,

political corruption in cities, etc.political corruption in cities, etc. The JungleThe Jungle: Book published in 1906 by Upton : Book published in 1906 by Upton

Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing Sinclair exposing the horrors of the meat packing industry.industry. Excerpt from Excerpt from The JungleThe Jungle

Ida Tarbell: revealed the abuses of Standard Oil trustIda Tarbell: revealed the abuses of Standard Oil trust Jane Addams and Florence Kelley: improve labor Jane Addams and Florence Kelley: improve labor

conditionsconditions

Goals of ProgressivesGoals of Progressives Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but Most Progressives were not extreme reformist, but

did want to clean the government up of corruption did want to clean the government up of corruption and improve life of the common man.and improve life of the common man.

Most Progressives believed that Government should Most Progressives believed that Government should be accountable to it’s citizensbe accountable to it’s citizens

Government must get more involved in economic and Government must get more involved in economic and social programs.social programs. Labor lawsLabor laws InsuranceInsurance UnemploymentUnemployment Social SecuritySocial Security Other social reforms that would ensure a basic standard of Other social reforms that would ensure a basic standard of

livinglivingSome did not like the government control in their lives and Some did not like the government control in their lives and

resisted progressive reformsresisted progressive reforms

Progressive LegislationProgressive Legislation

Urban Reforms:Urban Reforms: Most progressive reforms occurred at this levelMost progressive reforms occurred at this level ““Old” Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the Old” Bosses vs. Reformers. Some times the

Reformers were successful, sometimes not.Reformers were successful, sometimes not. City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies.City owned utilities. Prevent monopolies. Welfare ServicesWelfare Services

State ReformsState Reforms

Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters Wanted to limit corruption by giving voters more say in lawmakingmore say in lawmaking

Working conditions improvedWorking conditions improved Safer working conditionsSafer working conditions Labor lawsLabor laws Accident insuranceAccident insurance

Federal ReformsFederal Reforms Regulate food and drug industriesRegulate food and drug industries

Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 (make sure that impure Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 (make sure that impure food is not transported and make sure food is properly food is not transported and make sure food is properly labeled) labeled)

Regulate the railroadsRegulate the railroads Anti-trust Activism: prevent large companies from Anti-trust Activism: prevent large companies from

taking control of smaller companies and creating taking control of smaller companies and creating monopoliesmonopolies Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890Sherman Anti Trust Act: 1890 Clayton Anti Trust Act: 1914 (Passed to strengthen the Clayton Anti Trust Act: 1914 (Passed to strengthen the

Sherman Anti-Trust Act)Sherman Anti-Trust Act) Spelled out specifically what business could not doSpelled out specifically what business could not do Federal Government regulate business. From this, the Federal Federal Government regulate business. From this, the Federal

Trade Commission was created to help in doing this.Trade Commission was created to help in doing this.

Federal ReformsFederal Reforms(Cont.)(Cont.)

New Labor Department that would benefit women New Labor Department that would benefit women and children.and children.

New Constitutional AmendmentsNew Constitutional Amendments 1616thth Amendment (1913): Collect income tax Amendment (1913): Collect income tax 1717thth Amendment (1913): Election of Senators (people, not Amendment (1913): Election of Senators (people, not

legislators elect senators)legislators elect senators) Help end corruption by giving people more say in lawmakingHelp end corruption by giving people more say in lawmaking

1818thth Amendment (1919): Prohibition Amendment (1919): Prohibition Environment ProtectionEnvironment Protection

National ParksNational Parks Land and water useLand and water use

See page 294 in text book See page 294 in text book

Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” Government interventionGovernment intervention Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners Resolution of wage dispute between mine owners

and miners and miners Became a slogan for his presidencyBecame a slogan for his presidency

Progressive PresidentsProgressive Presidents

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt New NationalismNew Nationalism

Howard TaftHoward Taft Carried on TR’s reforms, but not as successful as Carried on TR’s reforms, but not as successful as

TR and a division in the Republican party TR and a division in the Republican party developeddeveloped

Theodore Roosevelt/ Howard TaftTheodore Roosevelt/ Howard Taft

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

Election of 1912Election of 1912

4 Way Election4 Way Election Howard Taft: Republican CandidateHoward Taft: Republican Candidate Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive (Bull Moose) Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive (Bull Moose)

CandidateCandidate Eugene V. Debs: Socialist CandidateEugene V. Debs: Socialist Candidate Woodrow Wilson: Democrat CandidateWoodrow Wilson: Democrat Candidate

New Freedom Policy: Wanted reform, but criticized New Freedom Policy: Wanted reform, but criticized big business and big government big business and big government

Won the election due to Republican splitWon the election due to Republican split

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson

Wilson’s PoliciesWilson’s Policies

Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914: Set Created the Federal Trade Commission in 1914: Set up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust laws.up fair trade laws and enforced antitrust laws.

Federal Reserve System in 1913: Banking rules and Federal Reserve System in 1913: Banking rules and federal national currency (Federal Reserve note).federal national currency (Federal Reserve note). Helped reorganize federal banking systemHelped reorganize federal banking system

Federal Farm Loan Board: Loans to farmers at a Federal Farm Loan Board: Loans to farmers at a reduced rate.reduced rate.

Less active in social policies such as racial or sexual Less active in social policies such as racial or sexual equality.equality.

End to ProgressivismEnd to Progressivism

Ended in August 1914 when WWI broke out in Ended in August 1914 when WWI broke out in Europe and people focused on war, not reform.Europe and people focused on war, not reform.

Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had Progressivism brought about good reforms, but had its limitations.its limitations. Focused on citiesFocused on cities Problems of tenant and migrant farmers not addressedProblems of tenant and migrant farmers not addressed Non-union workers not representedNon-union workers not represented Support ImperialismSupport Imperialism Limited to mainly white/male populationLimited to mainly white/male population

Fight that RemainedFight that Remained

Suffrage for Women (section 4)Suffrage for Women (section 4)

Early AdvancementsEarly Advancements Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848)Women met at Seneca Falls, NY (1848)

Outlined their demands related to women’s rightsOutlined their demands related to women’s rights Newspaper articleNewspaper article

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady StantonSusan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Worked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for womenWorked tirelessly on attaining suffrage for women Jailed and fined for efforts to advance women’s rightsJailed and fined for efforts to advance women’s rights Susan B. Anthony arrested for attempting to vote in Susan B. Anthony arrested for attempting to vote in

18721872 Formed the National American Woman Suffrage Formed the National American Woman Suffrage

Association (NAWSA) 1892Association (NAWSA) 1892

By 1900, women earned the right to…By 1900, women earned the right to… Buy, sell, and will propertyBuy, sell, and will property

Many started to demand the right to vote under Many started to demand the right to vote under the 14the 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendment Amendment

Anti suffrage movement beganAnti suffrage movement began Women had enough power without the right to Women had enough power without the right to

votevote Would make women too masculineWould make women too masculine Women would vote for prohibitionWomen would vote for prohibition

Attempts at SuffrageAttempts at Suffrage Get an amendment to the Constitution passedGet an amendment to the Constitution passed Get the individual states to allow women to voteGet the individual states to allow women to vote

More successful, especially early, and especially in the More successful, especially early, and especially in the WestWest

Congress either stalled the vote or did not recognize Congress either stalled the vote or did not recognize the bill the bill 1868-11868-1stst attempt attempt 1878-21878-2ndnd attempt attempt

Not debated until 1887Not debated until 1887

Bill introduced every year after that until 1896, then Bill introduced every year after that until 1896, then disappeareddisappeared

Resurfaced again in 1913Resurfaced again in 1913

Suffrage in the 1910’sSuffrage in the 1910’s Women voting was becoming more acceptedWomen voting was becoming more accepted Needed new leadership to reorganize and push Needed new leadership to reorganize and push

through legislationthrough legislation Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt Alice Paul and Lucy BurnsAlice Paul and Lucy Burns

Used parades to communicate messagesUsed parades to communicate messages Split in the suffrage movementSplit in the suffrage movement

Congressional Union (CU): Alice Paul and Lucy Burns Congressional Union (CU): Alice Paul and Lucy Burns Militant, aggressiveMilitant, aggressive Due to extremists actions, jailedDue to extremists actions, jailed

NAWSA: Carrie Chapman CattNAWSA: Carrie Chapman Catt Condemned the CUCondemned the CU

Suffrage At Last!Suffrage At Last! By 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million membersBy 1917, NAWSA had over 2 million members Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for Eastern states, led by NY, started voting for

women’s suffragewomen’s suffrage WWI halted women’s movementWWI halted women’s movement

WWI set aside the the argument about separate WWI set aside the the argument about separate spheres for men and women, but the fight remainedspheres for men and women, but the fight remained

1918: Congress proposed the Women’s Suffrage 1918: Congress proposed the Women’s Suffrage AmendmentAmendment

Tennessee became the necessary 36Tennessee became the necessary 36thth state to state to ratifyratify

August 24, 1920: August 24, 1920: 1919thth Amendment Ratified Amendment Ratified

Michigan Department of EducationMichigan Department of EducationHigh School Content ExpectationsHigh School Content Expectations

U.S. History and GeographyU.S. History and Geography

6.3.2a6.3.2a 6.3.2b6.3.2b 6.3.2c6.3.2c 6.3.2d6.3.2d 6.3.2e6.3.2e 6.3.36.3.3