IMPERIALISM AND

PROGRESSIVISM

Unit 4

Q1-EXPLAIN HOW THE DESIRE FOR NEW MARKETS LED TO SUPPORT FOR IMPERIALISM. Building Support for Imperialism

Post Civil War and America Reconstruction

Desire for New Markets While America was focused on expansion inward

European countries were spreading and expanding overseas

Imperialism Protectorates

Feeling of Superiority Applying Social Darwinism to Nations

Writer John Fiske takes Social Darwinism further Josiah Strong was popular American minister in

the Anglo-Saxonism to Christian missionary ideas• Imperialism• Protectorarte• Anglo-Saxonism• Josiah Strong

KEY TERMS

Q2-DESCRIBE U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN JAPAN, HAWAII, AND LATIN AMERICA.

• Expansion in the Pacific• It was only natural for Americans to continue their westward expansion overseas

• Before imperialism became popular Americans began expanding overseas through the Pacific• Early 1880s dozens of ships were traveling the long trip to China every year

• Perry Opens Japan• American leaders believed trade from Japan and China would be financially profitable

• In 1852 after several petitions from Millard Fillmore to persuade Japan to trade with the U.S.• July 8, 1853 four American warships under Perry’s command entered Yedo bay

• Annexing Hawaii• As trade grew between China and Japan America became interested in Hawaii• Americans quickly realized the climate was perfect for producing sugar cane

• Trade treaty led to economic boom in sugar industry

• Tensions between the planters and Hawaiians mounted• Congress McKinley Tariff 1890

• Relations with Latin America• Although United States bought raw materials from Latin America• James G. Blaine served as Secretary of State in two administrations in the 1880s led early

efforts to expand American influence in region• Blaine proposed conference of Latin American nation and United States to discuss ways to increase

trade and support peace• Latin American Conference

• Blaine had two goals

• Matthew C. Perry• McKinley Tariff• King Kalakaua• Queen Liliuokalani• USS Boston• Grover Cleveland• Pan-Americanism• James G. Blaine

KEY TERMS

Q3-DISCUSS THE CREATION OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY.

Building A Modern NavyGermany vs. America

Samoan Islands (1888)Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power

Upon History 1670-1783Senators Take Up the Cause

Henry Cabot Lodge and Alfred J. Beveridge Reasons for Navy Using Naval Power 1898 • Woodrow Wilson

• Mexican Revolution• Porfirio Diaz• Francisco Madero• Huerta• Carranza• John J. Pershing• Pancho Villa

KEY TERMS

Q4-LIST THE EVENTS THAT LED TO THE AMERICAN VICTORY DURING SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.

The Cuban Rebellion Begins Early attempts at Rebellion Americans Support the Cubans

Stories were printed in two of the nations major newspapers William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer

Calling out for War Spain's concession enraged Cuban loyalists

Two Front War METT-T Philippines

Commodore George Dewey American Forces in Cuba

New Empire is Born Debate over Annexation December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris Rebellion in Philippines Governing Puerto Rico Cuba and the Platt Amendment

MaineJose MartiWilliam Randolph HearstYellow JournalismJoseph PulitzerJingoismTheodore Roosevelt Emilio AguinaldoGeorge DeweyRough RidersKettle HillSan Juan HillPlatt Amendment

Q5-EXPLAIN HOW THEODORE ROOSEVELT’S FAME GREW DUE TO HIS MILITARY ACHIEVEMENTS.

Theodore’s Rise to Power Spanish American War

Election of 1900 McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan

McKinley’s Assassination Roosevelt becomes President

Leon CzolgoszSphere of InfluenceOpen Door PolicyBoxer RebellionGreat White Fleet

Q6-SHOW HOW PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT’S “BIG STICK” DIPLOMACY APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES FOREIGN RELATIONS.

American Diplomacy in Asia Open Door Policy The Boxer Rebellion Balancing Power in East Asia A Growing Presence in the Caribbean Revolt in Panama Roosevelt Corollary

Panama CanalHay-Pauncefote TreatyDollar diplomacyBunau-VarillaRoosevelt Corollary

Q7-EXPLAIN THE GOALS OF PROGRESSIVISM. Rise of Progressivism

Types of ReformsWho were the ProgressivesMuckrakers

Ida Tarbell Jacob Riis

ProgressivismMuckrakersLincoln SteffensJacob RiisFrederick Taylor

Q8-DESCRIBE THE CHANGES MADE IN LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

Making Government Efficient Scientific Management and City Government

Developed late 1800’s and popularized by Frederick Taylor in his book, The Principles of Scientific Management in 1911

Commission Plan Mayor Council Form Council Manager Form Commission Form

Laboratory of Democracy Robert La Follette

RecallInitiativeReferendum

Direct Election of Senators 17th Amendment

Commission PlanMayor-Council FormCommission FormCouncil-Manager Form Laboratory of DemocracyRobert La FoletteDirect PrimaryInitiativeLegislationReferendumRecallFrederick Taylor

CARRY OUT POLICY OF MAYOR

ELECTED OFFICIALS

VOTE ON REPRESENTATIVEVoters

Mayor

Heads of Departmen

ts

Council

Approval

Appoints

Carry of Policy

Pass Ordinanc

es & Control Funds

Elect Board of Commissi

on

Voters Board of Commission

Police Commission

erFire

Commissioner

Parks Commission

erFinance

Commissioner

Public Works Commission

er

Commission Form

Q9-OUTLINE THE EVENTS THAT BROUGHT ON THE WOMAN’S SUFFRAGE MOVEMENT. The Suffrage Movement

Early Problems The suffrage movement got off to a slow start Years before the Civil War they prepared to end slavery and less to work

for woman suffrage After the Civil War

Debate over 14th and 15th split the suffrage movement into two groups National Woman’s Suffrage Association led by Elizabeth Cady

Stanton and Susan B. Anthony American Women’s Suffrage Association led by Julia Ward Howe

and Lucy Stone The Movement Builds Support

1890 the two united forming the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Alice Paul, Quaker social worker who headed NAWSA’s Congressional Committee had organized the march

In 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt, ISU graduate became leader of NAWSA 19th Amendment

SuffrageSeneca FallsAWSA/NWSAAlice PauCarrie Chapman Catt

Q10-IDENTIFY THE REASON PROGRESSIVES SUPPORTED SOCIAL WELFARE REFORMS.

• Social Welfare Progressivism• Campaigns against Child Labor

• Probably the most emotional Progressive issue was child labor• 1900 1.7 million children under the age of 16 worked outside home

• 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was established and worked to abolish child labor

• Muckraker John Spargo’s 1906 book, the Bitter Cry of the Children provided detailed evidence of child labor conditions

• Told of coal mines where thousands of breaker boys were hired at age 9• Health and Safety Codes

• Many adult workers also labored in difficult conditions• Factories, coal mines, and railroads, were particularly dangerous

• For example in 1911 a terrible fire swept through Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City

• During early 1900’s thousands of people died or were injured on the job but they and their families received little compensation

• Some progressives are favored zoning laws as a method of protecting the public• The Prohibition Movement

• Many believed alcohol was responsible for many problems in American society• Settlement house workers hated the effects of drinking on families• Scarce wages were spent on alcohol and drinking sometimes led to physical abuse and

sickness• Many Christians also opposed drinking

• Some workers believed drinking hurt workers efficiency, while political reformers viewed the saloon as the informal headquarters of the political machines they opposed

• Temperance movement, which advocated the moderation or elimination of alcohol emerged from these concerns

• For most part women led the temperance movement• 1874 group of women formed the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

John SpargoNational Child Labor CommitteeTemperanceProhibitionSocialismSherman Anti-Trust Act

Q11-IDENTIFY HOW PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT USED ARBITRATION TO SETTLE THE COAL STRIKE ON 1902, ANALYZING HOW ROOSEVELT’S LAWSUITS AFFECTED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FUTURE TRUSTS.

Roosevelt’s Domestic Policy and “Square Deal” Takes on Trusts Northern Securities

Coal Strike 1902 and Arbitration United Mine Workers Demands Mine Owners Feelings Supreme Court Case Arbitration

Bureau of Corporation Department of Commerce and Labor Gentlemen’s Agreement Hepburn Act and ICC

Q12-IDENTIFY HOW UPTON SINCLAIR’S, THE JUNGLE CONTRIBUTED TO THE PASSAGE OF THE MEAT INSPECTION ACT. Consumer Protection

Samuel Hopkins Adams, Collier’s Dr. W.H. Wiley 1906 Upton Sinclair and The Jungle

Roosevelt’s Response Meat Inspection Act, 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906

Q13-EXPLAIN HOW TAFT EXPERIENCED DIFFICULTIES AS PRESIDENT BUT CONTINUED THE PROGRESSIVE REFORM MOVEMENT.

Taft Becomes President New Approach to Government

Payne-Aldrich TariffBallinger-Pinchot ControversyAngered Progressives

Taft’s Progressive ReformsTrust BustingBureau of ChildrenConservationist

Roosevelt’s ANGER!

Q14-DESCRIBE THE POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS OF 1912, COMPARING NEW NATIONALISM TO NEW FREEDOM. Election of 1912

Candidates Republican Democrat Bull Moose

Wilson’s IdeologyNew Nationalism v. New Freedom

Q15-EXPLAIN HOW WILSON CONTINUES PROGRESSIVE REFORMS. Wilson Years and Progressive Reform

Reforming TariffsReforming Banks

Federal Reserve SystemAntitrust Action

Clayton Antitrust ActFederal Aid and Social Welfare

Keating-Owens Child Labor Act Adamson Act Federal Farm Loan

Q16-EXPLAIN THE LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVE REFORM.