Programmed Instruction

Introduction

• Important Innovation in 20th century teaching –

learning process.

• It is a self-instructional technique.

• Subject matter is logically arranged in a small

segments.

• The learning experience is self-corrective.

Meaning

• Learning material arranged in a series of small

steps (known to unknown)

• A programme takes the place of a Tutor

(framing specified behaviour)

• Student will behave given derived way.

• Most efficient, Pleasant and permanent learning takes place

Definition

• Programmed learning is a systematic, step by step, self-instructional programme aimed to

ensure the learning of stated behaviour.

Dale, Edgar (1962)

Characteristics

1. It is a method of individualized instruction

2. Instructional material is logically

sequenced

3. The learner is required to read or listen

and then respond actively

Characteristics

4. It has adequate provision for feed-back

5. Interaction between the learner and the

learning material is very important

6. Provides self-pacing to the learner

7. Provides continuous evaluation

Types

1. The teaching machine

2. Programmed text book

3. The scrambled book

Principles

• Principle of

1.Small steps

2.Active responding

3.Reinforcement

4.Self – Packing

5.Student – Evaluation or student testing

Merits

1. It is tailored to the needs of the individual learner

2. Permits progress in his own speed

3. It overcomes the inertia and passivity on the part of the learner

4. Learning becomes interesting game

5. Developed by experts. (tested and modified)

Merits

6. Learner immediately reinforced to correct his response

7. Complexity is simplified

8. Great significance in developing countries

9. Good teachers are freed from boredom

10.Creative thinking and judgement

Merits

11.Motor skills, Intellectual abilities and

Memorization effectively taught

12.Helps the teacher – problems of individual

learner

13.Useful – where human instructors are not

available

Limitations

• Criticized as threat to replace the teacher.

• Too much emphasis in learning facts and very

little emphasis on the mastery of principles

and concepts.

Limitations

• Some times learner doesn’t know where he is

headed to.

• Materials very costly

• Material required expert knowledge and training