Programmed instruction

By: Dayanara Loján

Programmed instruction

“A progressively monitored, step-

by-step teaching method, employing

small units of information or

learning material and frequent

testing, whereby the student must

complete or pass one stage before

moving on to the next.”http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/program

med+instruction

• Practical application of the behaviourist approach.

• Why? Behaviourism believes that learning is a sequenced activity/ process.

• Also called Programmed learning.

Programmed instruction

• Students can learn a wide range of things with small steps that require a response.

• Machine-like learning.

Programmed instruction

• In 1912, the first idea of automated book was created. The second page ONLY after the first is accomplished.

• Related to the machine of Sidney L. Pressey.

• “The teaching machine is composed of mainly a program, which is a system of combined teaching and test items that carries the student gradually through the material to be learned. The "machine" is composed by a fill-in-the-blank method on either a workbook or in a computer.

• http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instruction

• “If the subject is correct, he/she gets reinforcement and moves on to the next question. If the answer is incorrect, the subject studies the correct answer to increase the chance of getting reinforced next time.”

• http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instruction

• The American Journal of Nursing (May, 1965) Francis Mechner stated that:

• A tutor is not necessary.

• It is a teaching technique which holds great promise

for the future-a technique which seems to be particularly useful for continuing education.

Advantages for teachers

• It could increase the learner autonomy.

• Different levels in the same class- Problem- Not any more.

Advantages for learners

• Too fast students – penalized.• Too slow- poorly taught.

• Student could go at their own speed. His answers are not compared to the ones from others.

• Computers were a key way of

achieving programmed instruction.

HOWEVER:

• Teaching about language but WHAT

ABOUT COMMUNICATION?

Practical examples• We see things around us all the

time. To talk about these things we need to use their names eg car, tv and mobile. These words are name-words because they are names of a thing. They are called nouns in grammer. The words curtain, laptop, CD are all examples of ________.

• Taken from http://programmedinstruction.tiddlyspot.com/

Practical examples

Practical examples

Sources:

• Where it is not mentioned another source, the information comes from:

• Teaching and Researching Computing-assisted Language Learning. Ken Beatty (2010)

• http://programmedinstruction.tiddlyspot.com/• First practical example from:

http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Programmed_instruction• http://www.uky.edu/~gmswan3/575/Mechner_1965.pdf• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/programmed+instructio

n• http://sugusdelima.deviantart.com/art/Rilakkuma-Wallpaper-pin

k-114394273• Image (second practical example) from:

http://viking.coe.uh.edu/~ichen/ebook/et-it/latutor2.jpg