PROCEEDINGS OFTHE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SLOPE STABILITY ENGINEERING- IS-SHIKOKU'99 / MATSUYAMA/ SHIKOKU/JAPAN/ 8-II NOVEMBER 1999

Slope Stability Engineering Editedby

Norio Yagi Ehime U niversity, l apan

Takuo Yamagami & Jing-Cai Jiang University ofTokushima, Japan

VOLUME l

A.A.BALKEMA/ROITERDAM/ BROOKFIELD/ 1999

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Slope Stability Engineering, Yagi, Yamagami & Jiang \. 1999 Balkema. Rotterdam, ISBN 90 5809 079 5

Table of contents

Preface

Organization

Speciallecture

Flow-type failure of slopes based on behavior of anisotropically consolidated sand Klshihara, Y.Tsukamoto & S.Nakayama

Keynote lectures

The limit analysis far slopes: Theory, methods and applications ZChen

Using limi t equilibrium concepts in finite element slope stability analysis D.G.Fredlund & R.E.G.Scoular

Stability of geosynthetic reinforced steep slopes D. Leshchinsky

The mechanisms, causes and remediation of cliff instability on the western coast of the Black Sea MPopescu

Design of slope stabilizing piles H.G.Poulos

l Geologica[ and geotechnical site investigations

Xlil

xv

3

15

31

49

67

83

Geoenvironmental factors influencing the de terioration of shale in a rockslope l 03 A M Elleboudy

Weathering mechanism and slope failures of graniti c rocks in Southwest Japan l 09 - Effect ofhydrothermal activities R.Kitagawa

Si te investigation of weathered expansive mudrock slopes: Implications for slope instability 115 and s1ope stabilization R.JMaharaj

v

lnvestigation of cut slope consisting of serpentinite and schist H. K itamura, M.Aoki, T Nishikawa, TYamamoto, M. Suzuki & T Umezaki

Using multibeam sonar surveys for submarine landslide investigations J. Locat, J. V.Gardner, H. Lee, L Mayer,J. E. H ughes Clarke & E. Kammerer

Automatic measurement of pore water pressure in the hard-rock slope and the sliding weathered-rock slope- Field survey in mountainous region in Shikoku Island, Japan

E.Tamura & S.Matsuka

Fie l d measurement of suction in so il and rainfall in Kagoshima Prefecture R.Kitamura, K.Jomoto, K.Yamamoto, TTerachi, H.Abe & Tlryo

Application of acoustic emission method to Shirasu slope monitoring TFujiwara, K.Monma &Alshibashi

Acoustic emission technique for monitoring soil and rock slope instability A Kousteni, R. Hill, N Dixon & J. Kavanagh

Hydraulic fracturing as a mechanism of rapid rock mass slides S.Hasegawa & TSawada

Evolution of ridge-top linear depressions and a disintegration process of mountains K.Mokudai & M.Chigira

Geologica! characteristics of landslides of the soft rock type, Centrai Japan

TFujita

Study of configuration, scale and distribution of landslides

S.Ueno

Geodynamics and spatial distribution of properties of sea cliff colluviurn E. Dembicki & W. Subotowicz

A mineralogica! study of the rnechanism of landslide in the serpentinite belt K.Yokota, R.Yatabe &NYagi

Detailed geotechnical study in Modi Khola Hydroelectric Project, Western Nepal

V. Dangol & T R. Paudel

Local instability in saturated colluvial slopes in southern Brazil W.ALacerda

2 Soil slope stability analyses

A new theory on instability of planar-sliding slope - Stiffness effect instability theory

QinSiqing

Ultimate state of a slope at non-linear unsteady creep and damage

S.A Elsoufiev

Application ofFEM on the basis of elasto-viscoplastic model to landslide problems H.Fujii , S.Nishimura, THori & K.Shimada

Coupled excavation analyses of vertical cut and slopes in clay THoshikawa, TNakai & Y.Nishi

VI

121

127

135

141

147

151

157

163

169

175

181

187

193

199

207

213

219

225

Effects of a deep excavation on a potentially unstable urban hillside in San Marino G.Gottardi, G. Marchi, L Tonni & FBianchi

Displacements of a slope in the Euganean Hills induced by quarrying SCola & P.Simonini

Stability evaluation of sliding failure along thin rnudstone deposi t due to excavation Y. Nakamura, J.Kojima, S.Hanagata, K.Narita & Y.Ohne

Appraisal ofBishop' s method of slope stability analysis G. L Si vakumar Babu & A C Bijoy

A convenient alternative representation ofTaylor's stability chart R. Baker & Y.Tanaka

lnftuence of stress-strain curves on safety factors and inter-slice forces in FEM A Mochizuki, J.Xiong & M. Mikasa

Slope stability analysis considering the deformation of slices Y.Terado, H.Hazarika, TYamazaki & H.Hayamizu

Slope stability analysis using a spring anached to inter-slice planes K.Kondo & S.Hayashi

Three-dirnensional stability analysis of locally loaded slopes X.Q.Yang, S.X.He & ZD.Liu

A lower-bound solution of earth pressure of cohesive backfill with inclined slope surface M.Luan, TNian, CFLee, K.TLaw, K.Ugai & Q.Yang

Shear band formation and propagation in clay slopes LE.Vallejo

Progressive failure analysis of slopes based on a LEM TYamagami , M.Taki, J.-CJiang & S.Yamabe

Progressive failure analysis based on a rnethod of non-vertical slices TYamagami, Y.AKhan &J.-Cliang

Back analysis of unsaturated shear strength from a circular slope failure J.-CJiang, T.Yamagami & Y.Ueta

A back analysis ofMC-DP mode! parameters based on FEM and NLSSQP rnethod T.Q.Feng, TYamagami &J.-CJiang

An FE analysis of anisotropie soil slopes and back analysis for its parameters T.Q.Feng, T.Yamagami &J.-Cliang

3 Rock slope stability analyses

An upper bound wedge failure analysis method ZY.Chen, Y.J.Wang, X.G.Wang &J.Wang

Stability analysis of rockfill dam and retaining wall constructed on dip bedrock SS.Chen & X.S.Fang

VII

233

239

245

249

253

259

265

271

277

281

287

293

299

305

311

317

325

329

Soil-water coupling analysis of progressive failure of cut slope using a sn·ain softening mode l 333 TAdachi , FOka, H.Osaki, H.Fukui & FZhang

A back analysis in assessing the stability of slopes by means of surface measurements 339

S.Sakurai & TNakayama

Numerica! simulation of excavation of the permanent ship lock in the Three Gorges Project 345

Y. Zhang & K. Yin

Numerica! simulation ofthe buckling failure in rock slopes 349 Y.Hu & H.-G.Kempfert

Fuzzy-based stability investigation of sliding rock masses 355 N.O.Nawari & R.Liang

Stability evaluation of discontinuous rock slope 361 K.Kawamura & MNishioka

Earthquake and seepage effects on the mobilised shear strength of closely jointed rock 367

M l Pender

4 Effects of rainfall and groundwater

Design chart for cut slope in unsaturated residua! soils 375 R.Subramaniam & FH.Ali

Factors affecting on water retention characteristic of soils 381 K. Kawai, D. Karube & H. Seguchi

Suction profiles and stability of residua! soil slopes 387 E. C Leong, B. K. Low & H. Rahardjo

Effects of perched water table on slope stability in unsaturated soils 393 LTHuat, F.H.Ali, S.Mariappan & P.K.Soon

Field suction variation with rainfall on cut slope in weathered sedimentary residua! so il 399 LTHuat, F.H.Ali & S.Mariappan

Study of slope stability for Pleistocene cemented sandy sediments in Singapore 405 (Old Alluvium) K.K.Poh, P.B.Ng & K.Orihara

Infiuence of pore water pressures in partly submerged slopes on the criticai poollevel 411 E.N.Bromhead, A1Harris & P.D.1Watson

Role of pore water and air pressures on slope stability in reservoir for purnped storage 417

powerplant T Sa t o, N. Nishizawa, M Wakamatsu, Y. H iraiwa & L Kumazaki

Seepage characteristics of decomposed granite soil slope during rainfall 423 S. Sasaki, S.Araki & K.Nishida

Relation between slope stability and groundwater fio w caused by rainfalls 429 M Enoki & AA Kokubu

VIli

Salient aspects of numerica! analyses of rainfall induced slope instability C-H.Wang

Centrifuge model tests and stability analysis on mobilizing process of shear strength of decomposed granite soil slope S.Yoshirake & K.Onirsuka

Centrifuge tests on slope failure during water infiltration H. G. B.Allersma

Reinforcement's effects in the tank-model prediction of slope failures due to rainfalls MShimizu

Investigation of danger rainfall prediction system for natura! and cut slopes H.Miki,AFujii &MFuruta

Predicting rainfall-induced slope failures from moisture content measurement M Nishigaki, ATohari & M Komatsu

Analytical study on the slope stability during rainfall and the rainfall indexes ATogari-Ohta, TSugiyama, TNara & S.Yamazaki

Evaluation of criticai rainfall with logit mode l TSugii, K.Yamada & T Uno

Strategy for prevention of natura! disaster due to slope failure R. Kitamura, T l ryo, H.Abe, H. Yakabe & K. Yamamoto

Relationships between rainfalls and landslides after forest damages by typhoons S. Murata, H. Shibuya & K. H ayashi

Threshold rainfall for Beragala landslide in Sri Lanka A K. Dissanayake, Y. Sasaki & N. H. Seneviratne

The importance of the groundwater regime studies of unstable slopes- An example of investigations on the landslide 'Plavinac', Yugoslavia G.Rasula & MRasula

Landslides induced by rainstorm in the Poun area of Chungchongbukdo Province D.Han&K.Kim

Characteristics of Cretaceous granite slopes that failed during heavy rainfall TYamamoto, M Suzuki, N. Matsumoto & Y. Sehara

Seepage analyses of embankrnents on Tokaido-Shinkansen in long term rainfalls K. Kato & S. Sakajo

lnstability analyses of embankments on Tokaido-Shinkansen in heavy rainfalls S. Sakajo & K. Kato

Chemical effect of groundwater from aci d rain on slope evolution ZXu & R.Huang

Slope failures triggered by an earthquake and a heavy rain in Chi ba S.Yasuda, Y.Yoshida, TKobayashi & TMizunaga

IX

435

441

447

453

459

465

471

477

483

489

495

501

509

515

521

527

533

539

N umerical evaluation of the effects of drainage pipes T.Yamagami, K.Nishida &1.-Cliang

Effects of horizontal drains on ground water leve! and slope stability F.Cai & K.Ugai

5 Effects of seismicity

Collapse of high embankment in the 1994 far-off Sanriku Earthquake Y. Shioi & S. Sutoh

Slope instability of large embankments in residenti al areas caused by the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake, 1995 T.Kamai, Y.Kobayashi & H.Shuzui

Analysis oftoppling failure of mountain slope caused by the Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake T.Okimura, N Yoshida & N Torii

Stress conditi an and consequence of liquefaction on weathered grani tic sands Y. Okada, K. Sassa & H. Fu/...'Uoka

Effects of density, stress state and shear history on sliding-surface liquefaction behavior of sands in ring-shear apparatus G. Wang & K. Sassa

Real seismic-wave loading ring-shear test on the Nikawa landslide F.WWang, K.Sassa & H.Fukuoka

Dynamic properties of fine-grained soils in pre-sheared sliding surfaces MYoshimine, R. Kuwano, J. Kuwano & K.!shihara

Dependence of pare pressure generati an on frequency of loading at sliding surface D.A Vankov & K. Sassa

On-line earthquake response tests on embankrnents founded on saturated sandy deposits T.Fujii, MHyodo, Y.Nakata, K.Yabuki & S. Kusakabe

Dynamic centrifuge tests of embankments on sloped ground and their stability analyses J. Koseki, O. Matsuo, K. Kondo & S. Nishihara

Evaluation of liquefaction potential for loose minefill slopes P.Kudella

Runout distances of earthquake-induced landslides Y. Kobayashi

Evaluation of measured vertical and horizontal residual deformati an at crest of rockfill dam under earthquake T.Okamoto

Displacements of slopes subjected to seismic loads R.LMichalowski & LYou

Pennanent displacement analysis of circular sliding block during shaking H.R.Razaghi, E.Yanagisawa & MKazama

x

545

551

559

565

571

577

583

589

595

601

607

613

619

625

631

637

641

Dynamic analyses of slopes based on a simple strain-softening mode! of so il A.Wakai & K.Ugai

Slope instability due to rainfall and earthquake K.Shimada, H.Fujii, S.Nishimura, T.Nishiyama & T. Morii

Shaking table tests of concrete block retaining walls S. Mori, T.Matsuyama & T. Ushiro

Shakedown analysis of so il foundations under vari ed loads M Luan, Y. Cao & K. U gai

Author index

Xl

647

653

657

663

669