Proceedings of the

12th International Conference on Environmental

Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management

- 2009 -

VOLUME 1

low/intermediate-level waste management

spent fuel, fissile, transuranic,

high-level waste management

presented ,it

THE 12th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ( >\

ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMI M

OCTOBER 11-15, JMtn

LIVERPOOL, I h

A S M E

Three Park Avenue New York, N.Y. 10016

CONTENTS

LOW/INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL WASTE MANAGEMENT

DISPOSAL SITE AND WASTE FORM CHARACTERICATION AND

PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT

ICEM2009-16202 1

Modelling Long-Term Corrosion of Cemented Waste Forms in Salt Brines

Bernhard Kienzler and Volker Metz

ICEM2009-16220 9

Coupling Time-Dependent Sorption Values of Degrading Concrete With a Radionuclide

Migration Model

Janez Perko, Dirk Mallants, Diederik Jacques, and Lian Wang

ICEM2009-16289 19

A Preliminary Postclosure Safety Assessment of OPG's Proposed L&ILW Deep GeologicRepository, Canada

Richard Little, John Avis, Nicola Calder, Nava Garisto, Paul Gierszewski, Helen Leung,Laura Limer, James Penfold, George Towler, Russell Walke, and Robert Walsh

ICEM2009-16291 29

The Development and Use of T2GGM: A Gas Modelling Code for the Postclosure SafetyAssessment of OPG's Proposed L&ILW Deep Geologic Repository, Canada

Paul Suckling, Nicola Calder, Paul Humphreys, Fraser King, and Helen Leung

ICEM2009-16346 39

Numerical Assessment of the Long-Term Safety of the Morsleben Repository for Low- and

Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste

Jurgen Wollrath, Jurgen Preuss, Dirk-A. Becker, and Jorg Monig

L/ILW TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

ICEM2009-16018 49

Study of the Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment by Coprecipitation: From Modelling to

New Process DesignsBarre Yves and Pacary Vincent

ICEM2009-16038 55

Experience With Operation of Mobile Cementation Facility at A-1 NPP

Zuzana Holicka, Tibor Krajc, Dusan Kevicky, and Marian Urbanec

ICEM2009-16085 61

Statistical Modelling Applied to the Contents of Waste Drums

Richard K. Bull and Ian Pearman

ICEM2009-16390 -67

NDA Generic Research Programme for Higher Activity Waste Management Issues

James McKinney and Melanie Brownridge

v

L/ILW WASTE HANDLINGG, TECHNOLOGIES, AND DATA ANALYSIS

ICEM2009-16013 75

Radiological Monitoring Systems for Waste Characterisation in the Environment of Our

Decommissioning Solutions

Marina Sokcic-Kostic and Roland Schultheis

5CEM2009 16204 81

Characterization of the Radiochemical Activity in CANDU Steam Generators

Aamir Husain, Yury Verzilov, Sriram Suryanarayan, and Armando B. Antoniazzi

ICEM2009-16248 89

MGAvIO: The Latest Evolution in the Multi-Group Analysis Code

Stephen Croft, Andrey Bosko, Ray Gunnink, Sasha Philips, Joe Lamontagne,Markku Koskelo, and Robert McElroy

ICEM2009-16259 95

Field Examples of Waste Assay Solutions for Curium-Contaminated Wastes

Patrick M. J. Chard, Stephen Croft, Ian G. Hutchinson, Tom W. Turner, Ann Ross, and

Barrie Greenhalgh

1CEM2009-16280 107

Improved Practices for Packaging Transuranic Waste at Los Alamos National Laboratory

(LA-UR-09-03293)

Kapil K. Goyal and Peter H. Carson

ICEM2009-16292 113

The Next EDF Tracking SystemEmmanuelle Julli and Bertrand Lantes

ICEM2009-16323 119

Radiological Assessment of Petroleum Pipe Scale Waste Streams From

Dry-Rattling OperationsIan S. Hamilton, Robert O. Berry, Matthew G. Arno, and Erich H. Fruchtnicht

ICEM2009-16374 ,123

The DIAMOND University Research Consortium: Nuclear Waste Characterisation,

Immobilisation and StorageSimon Biggs, Michael Fairweather, James Young, Neil Hyatt, and Francis Livens

ICEM2009-16377 133

Theoretical Modelling of Nuclear Waste Flows

J. F. Adams, S. R. Biggs, M. Fairweather, D. Njobuenwu, and J. Yao

LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS AND EXPERIENCE

ICEM2009-16037 143

U. S. Department of Energy's "Initiatives for Proliferation Prevention" Program:

Solidification Technologies for Radioactive Waste Treatment in Russia

Yuri Pokhitonov and Dennis Kelley

vi

ICEM2009-16042 155

Operational Experience With a Commercial Plant for Stabilisation of Radioactive

Sludge and Other Materials in the United KingdomM. Hagan, Ft. M. Cornell, B. Riley, and B. Ware

ICEM2009-16124 163

The Development of a Method for the Simultaneous Measurement of Cerium (IV) andChromium (VI) Species in Nitric Acid Media

Ian D. Nickson, Colin Boxall, Angela Jackson, and Guy O. H. Whillock

ICEM2009-16246 171

Incineration of Contaminated Oil From Sellafield

Craig Broadbent, Helen Cassidy, and Anders Stenmark

ICEM2009-16251 177

Radioactive Oil Decontamination Development: An Overview

John P. Krasznai

ICEM2009-16255 185

The Sorption and Mechanical Properties of the Modified Concrete Matrix Used for

Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

Daniela Dogaru, Ortenzia Niculae, Gheorghe Dogaru, Gheorghita Jinescu, and

Octavian G. Duliu

ICEM2009-16405 191

Solidification of Radioactive Liquid Wastes: Treatment Options for Spent Resins and

Concentrates

Andreas Roth

LLW CHARACTERIZATION, TREATMENT AND

PACKAGING DEVELOPMENTS

ICEM2009-16043 197

Treatment of Core Components From Nuclear Power Plants With PWR and BWR Reactors

Jorg Viermann, Andreas Friske, and Jorg Radzuweit

ICEM2009-16088 215

Measurement of Solid-Liquid Mixtures Using Electrical Tomography Measurement

Techniques

Gary Bolton and Stephen Stanley

ICEM2009-16100 221

Increasing Operational Efficiency in a Radioactive Waste Processing Plant

T. W. Turner and S. N. Watson

ICEM2009-16314 227

Characterization of NORM Sources in Petroleum Coke Calcining Processes

Ian S. Hamilton, Donald A. Halter, Donald F. Haumann, Erich H. Fruchtnicht, and

Matthew G. Arno

vii

NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR L/ILW

ICEM2009-16031 233

Regulatory Review of Preliminary Safety Assessment for the Baita-Bihor Repository,

Romania

Enrique Biurrun, Bernt Haverkamp, and Klaus-Jurgen Rohlig

ICEM2009-16092 243

Improvement of the Management of Institutional Radioactive Waste in Slovenia

Marija Fabjan, Yves Niels, Joze Rojc, Gasper Tavcar, Koen Lenie, and Matjaz Stepisnik

ICEM2009-16104 249

An Overview of U. S. EPA's Current Radioactive Waste Management and General Radiation

Protection Efforts

Ft. Thomas Peake, Daniel Schultheisz, Loren W. Setlow, Brian Littleton, Reid Rosnick, and

Ken Czyscinski

ICEM2009-16192 255

Analysis of Management and Disposal Alternatives for Low Activity Radioactive Waste

Keith D. Anderson

ICEM2009 16217 263

The Role of the National Low Level Waste Repository Operator in Delivering New Solutions

for the Management of Low Level Wastes in the UK

Martin Walkingshaw

ICEM2009-16335 271

Strategy and Practice in Spent Sealed Sources Management in Belgium

Vincent De pooter, David Vanleeuw, Gunter Van Zaelen, and Marnix Braeckeveldt

ICEM2009-16393 279

UK Strategy for Nuclear Industry LLW

Matthew Clark and Joanne Fisher

POSTER SESSION: LOW/INTERMEDIATE LEVEL WASTE

ICEM2009 16094 285

Improvement of Institutional Radioactive Waste Management via Implementation of

Environmental Management SystemMarija Fabjan, Bojan Hertl, Metka Kralj, and Joze Rojc

ICEM2009-16110 291

The Rock Creep Evaluation in the Analysis System for the Long-Term Behavior of

TRU Waste Disposal SystemShintaro Ohno, Seiji Morikawa, and Morihiro Mihara

ICEM2009 16127 299

Separation of Lanthanide Fission Products in a Eutectic Waste Salts Delivered From

Pyroprocessing of a Spent Oxide Fuel by Using Lab-Scale Oxidative Precipitation Apparatus

Yung-Zun Cho, In-Tae Kim, Hee-Chul Yang, Hwan-Seo Park, and Han-Soo Lee

viii

ICEM2009-16138 303

Study of the Radioactive Silt Sediment Cementation Techniques

Andrey P. Varlakov, Sergey V. Karlin, Alexandr S. Barinov, Elena V. Zaharova, and

Viatcheslav M. Ermolaev

ICEM2009-16139 309

Cementation of Problem LRW Using Porous Concrete

Andrey P. Varlakov, Sergey A. Dmitriev, ArturE. Arustamov, Alexandr V. Germanov, and

Alexandr S. Barinov

ICEM2009-16157 313

Novel Antimonysilicate Material Quasar-N for the Removal of Radionuclides From

Acidic Decontamination LiquidsRisto O. Harjula and Airi Paajanen

ICEM2009-16222 317

Management of Metal Waste With High Concentration of Natural Radionuclides:

Its Problems and ExperienceAlexander B. Gelbutovskiy, Peter I. Cheremisin, and Alexander V. Troshev

ICEM20O9-16249 325

Comparison of Actinides Separation by Coprecipitation and Chromatographic Resin

(Dipex®) for Gross Alpha Determination

Esperanza Lara-Robustillo and Marina Rodriguez Alcala

ICEM2009-16268 329

Further Development of Iodine Immobilization Technique by Low Temperature Vitrification

With BiPb02l

Atsushi Mukunoki, Tamotsu Chiba, Yasuhiro Suzuki, Kenji Yamaguchi,Tomofumi Sakuragi, and Tokuro Nanba

ICEM2009-16375 335

The KNOO Research Consortium: Work Package 3—An Integrated Approach to Waste

Immobilisation and ManagementSimon Biggs, Michael Fairweather, James Young, Robin W. Grimes, Neil Milestone, and

Francis Livens

ICEM2009-16376 345

Hydraulic Behaviour of Nuclear Waste Flows

S. R. Biggs, M. Fairweather, D. Harbottle, B. Lin, and J. Peakall

ICEM2009-16378 353

Engineering Properties of Nuclear Waste Slurries

Simon Biggs, Michael Fairweather, Timothy Hunter, Qanitalillahi Omokanye, and

Jeffrey Peakall

QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL IN RADIOACTIVE

WASTE MANAGEMENT

ICEM2009-16053 361

Sorption Databases for Increasing Confidence in Performance Assessment

Anke Richter, Vinzenz Brendler, Cordula Nebelung, Timothy E. Payne, and Thomas Brasser

ix

ICEM2009-16125 369

Control of Materials Harmful to Water in the German KONRAD RepositoryKarin Kugel, Peter Brennecke, Stephan Steyer, Detlef Gruendler, Wilma Boetsch, and

Claudia Haider

ICEM2009-16263 377

Dose Validation in the Dutch Interim Waste Storage FacilityJeroen Welbergen and Leo van Velzen

ICEM2009-16409 387

Decommissioning and Waste Treatment Hazard Evaluation and ModelingMartin G. Plys and Michael Epstein

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH 171LW MANAGEMENT

ICEM2009-16095 395

Development of Joint Regulatory Guidance on the Management of Higher ActivityRadioactive Wastes on Nuclear Licensed Sites

Mick Bacon, Doug llett, and Andy Whittall

ICEM2009-16168 399

Monte Carlo Simulation of a Compartment Model of Radionuclide Migration at a

Radioactive Waste RepositoryFrancesco Cadini, Jacopo De Sanctis, Enrico Zio, Diana Avram, Tommaso Girotti,

Alfredo Luce, and Alberto Taglioni

SITING, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION OF L/ILW

DISPOSAL FACILITIES

ICEM2009-16029 405

Lessons Learned From the Operation of a LILW National Disposal Centre:

The Cabril and the Spanish Case

Mariano Navarro, Fernando Gomez, and Emilio Garcia

ICEM2009-16151 415

Establishing a Site for a Slovenian LILW RepositorySandi Virsek, Janja Spiler, and Miran Veselic

ICEM2009-16241 421

Design Options for the UK's ILW Geological Disposal FacilityTim Hicks, Matt White, Tamara Baldwin, Neil Chapman, Fiona Neall, Ian McKinley,

Paul Hooker, Phil Richardson, and Samantha King

ICEM2009-16264 433

Hydrogeologic Modelling in Support of a Proposed Deep Geologic Repository in Canada for

Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste

Jonathan F. Sykes, Stefano D. Normani, Yong Yin, Eric A. Sykes, and Mark R. Jensen

ICEM2009-16301 443

l-Graphite Waste Management in France

Odile Ozanam and Gerald Ouzounian

x

WASTE MINIMIZATION, AVOIDANCE AND RECYCLING

ICEM2009-16045 451

External Disposal of 4 Steam Generators Out of the Decommissioning of the Nuclear

Power Plant Stade (KKS)

Martin Beverungen

ICEM2009-16188 457

Delivering Step Change Improvements to UK Low Level Waste StrategyJason Dean and David Rossiter

ICEM2009-16210 465

BPEO/BPM in Recycling of Low Level Waste Metal in the UK

Kevin Dodd, Joe Robinson, and Maria Lindberg

ICEM2009 16285 475

Factors Influencing the Performance and Lifetime of Fibrous Glass and Metal Media

HEPA Filters

Charles A. Waggoner and Michael S. Parsons

ICEM2009-16347 485

WASAN: A Methodology for Analysing Waste Minimisation

Duncan Shawand Neil Blundell

ICEM2009-16372 495

A Model for a National Low Level Waste ProgramJames A. Blankenhorn

SPENT FUEL, FISSILE, TRANSURAINIIC, HIGH-LEVEL

WASTE MANAGEMENT

A SYNOPSIS OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

ICEM2009-16348 501

Use of the Safety Case to Focus KMS ApplicationsHideaki Osawa, Kazumasa Hioki, Hiroyuki Umeki, Hiroyasu Takase, and Ian McKinley

ICEM2009-16349 507

Practical Application of the KMS: 1) Total System Performance Assessment

Hitoshi Makino, Kazumasa Hioki, Hiroyuki Umeki, Hongzhi Yang, Hiroyasu Takase, and

Ian McKinley

ICEM2009-16351 515

Challenges for the JAEA KMS: Fostering Inventive Design and Problem SolvingHitoshi Makino, Kazumasa Hioki, Hiroyuki Umeki, Shoko Tachibana, Hiroyasu Takase,

and Ian McKinley

ICEM2009-16354 525

Overview of the JAEA Knowledge Management System Supporting Implementation and

Regulation of Geological Disposal in Japan

Hiroyuki Umeki, Kazumasa Hioki, Hiroyasu Takase, and Ian McKinley

xi

ICEM2009-16355 531

Practical Application of the KMS: 2) Site Characterisation

Takeshi Semba, Hideaki Osawa, Kazumasa Hioki, Shoko Tachibana, Hiroyasu Takase, and

Ian McKinley

CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF HLW,

FISSILE, TRU, AND SNF

ICEM2009-16027 539

Developing Design Premises for a KBS-3V Repository Based on Results From the

Safety Assessment

Johan Andersson and Allan Hedin

ICEM2009-16134 545

Characterization of a Fe-Based Alloy System for an AFCI Metallic Waste Form

Mark J. Williamson and Robert L. Sindelar

ICEM2009-16203 549

The Collaborative EC Project ReCosyBernhard Kienzler and Gunnar Buckau

ICEM2009-16228 557

Study on Performance Assessment for HLW Repository in China

Weiming Chen, Ju Wang, Rui Su, and Yunfeng Li

ICEM2009-16240 561

Modelling Radionuclide Mobility of Spent Fuel in a Deep Geological RepositoryLocated in a Clay Bedrock

Lara Duro, Abel Tamayo, Jordi Bruno, and Aurora Martinez-Esparza

ICEM2009-16269 575

Evaluation of Mechanical Effects of the Fault Movement on the Engineered Barrier SystemYuya Saito, Mayuka Nishimura, Takashi Hirai, Kenji Tanai, and Morimasa Naito

HLW CHARACTERIZATION: RECENT ADVANCES IN HLW

TREATMENT SYSTEMS

ICEM2009-16049 585

Developing Ceramic Based Technology for the Immobilisation of Waste on the

Sellafield Site

C. R. Scales, E. R. Maddrell, and Mark Dowson

ICEM2009-16075 593

Designing a New Highly Active Liquid EvaporatorPaul Robson and Emma Candy

ICEM2009-16174 601

Separation of Fission Products and Actinides From Savannah River Site High-LevelNuclear Wastes

T. B. Peters, M. R. Poirier, F. F. Fondeur, C. A. Nash, D. T. Hobbs, and S. D. Fink

xii

ICEM2009-16253 611

The Use of Hot-lsostatic Pressing to Process Nuclear Waste Forms

Martin W. A. Stewart, Sam A. Moricca, Tina Eddowes, Yingjie Zhang, Eric R. Vance,

Gregory R. Lumpkin, Melody L Carter, Mark Dowson, and Michael James

ICEM2009-16418 617

Safety Assessment of Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Boom Clay:Relation With the Radionuclide Inventory

Pierre Van Iseghem and Jan Marivoet

MODELING APPROACHES FOR HLW, SNF, AND

TRU WASTE DISPOSITION

ICEM2009-16060 623

Development of the Envi Simulator to Estimate Korean SNF Flow and its Cost

Yongsoo Hwang and Ian Miller

ICEM2009-16239 631

Integration of the H2 Inhibition Effect of UO2 Matrix Dissolution Into Radiolytic Models

Lara Duro, Abel Tamayo, Jordi Bruno, and Aurora Martinez-Esparza

ICEM2009-163O7 637

Implementation of a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) in the UK by the NDA Radioactive

Waste Management Directorate (RWMD): Coupled Modelling of Gas Generation and

Multiphase Flow Between the Co-Located ILW/LLW and HLW/SF Components of a GDF

Alex Bond, George Towler, Alan Paulley, and Simon Norris

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR SPENT FUEL,FISSILE, TRU, AND HLW MANAGEMENT

ICEM2009-16028 649

Disposal of Spent Fuel From German Muclear Power Plants

Reinhold Graf, Wolfgang Filbert, Klaus-Jurgen Brammer, and Wilhelm Bollingerfehr

ICEM2009-16227 661

Characteristics of the Spent Fuel Generated in Korea

Jongwon Choi, Donghak Kook, Dongkeun Cho, and Heuijoo Choi

ICEM2009-16304 667

NUMO-RMS: A Practical Requirements Management System for the Long-TermManagement of the Deep Geological Disposal Project

Hiroyoshi Ueda, Satoru Suzuki, Katsuhiko Ishiguro, Kiyoshi Oyamada, Shoko Yashio,Matt White, and Roge Wilmot

ICEM2009-16339 677

New Safety Concept for Geological Disposal in JapanKazumi Kitayama

ICEM2009-16356 681

An Overview on the National Radwastes Management Strategy In the Context of the

Nuclear Program Development in Romania

Panait Adrian, Maria Radu, Gheorghe Barariu, Gheorghe Negut, and Cristian Litescu

xiii

POSTER SESSION: SPENT FUEL, FISSILE, TRU AND HLW MANAGEMENT

ICEM2009-16111 689

Uptake of 14C-Acetic Acid by Rice Plant as Related to Root Function and Microbial

Activity on the Root Surface

Shinichi Ogiyama, Nobuyoshi Ishii, and Shigeo Uchida

ICEM2009-16129 695

A Study on the Once-Through Back-End Fuel Cycle Scenario

Yoon Hee Lee, Jongsoon Song, Jongkuk Lee, and Kunjai Lee

ICEM2009-16137 697

Characteristics on the SAP-Based Wasteform Containing Radioactive Molten Salt Waste

Hwan-Seo Park, In-Tae Kim, Hwan-Young Kim, Byeung-Gil Ahn, and Han-Soo Lee

ICEM2009-16162 701

Separation of Rare Earth Precipitates From LiCI-KCI Eutectic Salts by a Distillation at a

Reduced Pressure

Hee-Chul Eun, Hee-Chul Yang, Yung-Zun Cho, Hwan-Seo Park, Han-Soo Lee, and

In-Tae Kim

ICEM2009-16265 705

Separation of Lanthanoid Phoshates From the Spent Electrolyte of Pyroprocessing

Ippei Amamoto, Hirohide Kofuji, Munetaka Myochin, Tatsuya Tsuzuki, Yasushi Takasaki,

Tetsuji Yano, and Takayuki Terai

ICEM2009-16365 715

Towards an "Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform" in EuropeP. Marjatta Palmu and Torsten L. Eng

REPOSITORY PROGRAMS: SITE SELECTRION AND CHARACTERICATION,

UNDERGROUND RESEARCH LABS, ENGINEERING AND

GEOLOGICAL BARRIERS

ICEM2009-16082 723

Repository Site Characterization: Comparing International ExperienceMartin Goldsworthy, Till Popp, Knut Seidel, and Johannes Bruns

ICEM2009-16091 733

Integrated Model of Korean Spent Fuel and High Level Waste Disposal OptionsYongsoo Hwang and Ian Miller

ICEM2009-16103 741

U. S. EPA's Experiences Implementing Environmental Safety Standards at the

Waste Isolation Pilot Plant

R. Thomas Peake, Charles Byrum, Ed Feltcorn, Raymond Lee, Rajani Joglekar,Shankar Ghose, and Mike Eagle

ICEM2009-16156 747

Amendments to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Public Health and

Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada

Raymond L. Clark, Kenneth Czyscinski, Reid J. Rosnick, and Daniel Schultheisz

xiv

ICEM2009-16242 757

Approaches for Modelling Transient Unsaturated-Saturated Groundwater Flow During and

After Construction

Matt White, Jordi Guimera, Takuya Ohyama, Hiroshi Kosaka, Peter Robinson, and

Hiromitsu Saegusa

ICEM2009-16262 767

Current Status of Phase II Investigations: Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory(MIU) Project

Tadahiko Tsuruta, Masahiro Uchida, Katsuhiro Hama, Hiroya Matsui, Shinji Takeuchi,

Kenji Amano, Ryuji Takeuchi, Hiromitsu Saegusa, Toshiyuki Matsuoka, and

Takashi Mizuno

ICEM2009-16290 775

Experience With Technical Advisory Groups in the Japanese HLW Disposal ProgrammeHiroyuki Tsuchi, Kazumi Kitayama, Akira Deguchi, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Toshiaki Ohe,

Charles McCombie, and Ian McKinley

ICEM2009-16294 781

Global Developments in Multinational Initiatives at the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel CycleCharles McCombie, Neil Chapman, and Thomas H. Isaacs

SPENT FUEL, HLW, AND TRU WASTE MANAGEMENT:

CROSSCUTTING ISSUES

ICEM2009-16306 787

Implementation of a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) in the UK by the NDA Radioactive

Waste Management Directorate (RWMD): The Potential for Interaction Between the

Co-Located ILW/LLW and HLW/SF Components of a GDF

George Towler, Tim Hicks, Sarah Watson, and Simon Norris

TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE OF HLW, FISSILE, TRU, AND SNF

ICEM2009-16189 799

WIPP: A Perspective From Ten Years of Operating Success

Phillip C. Gregory

ICEM2009-16195 805

Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Shipment From the Czech Republic to the

Russian Federation

Frantisek Svitak, Karel Svoboda, and Josef Podlaha

ICEM2009-16330 811

Contingency Options for the Dry Storage of Magnox Spent Fuel in the UK

Jenny Morris, Stephen Wickham, Phil Richardson, Colin Rhodes, and Mike Newland

ICEM2009-16331 817

Contingency Options for the Drying, Conditioning and Packaging of Magnox

Spent Fuel in the UK

Jenny Morris, Stephen Wickham, Phil Richardson, Colin Rhodes, and Mike Newland

xv

VITRIFICATION AND BOROSILICATE GLASS ALTERNATIVES FOR

IMMOBILIZATION

ICEM2009-16055 825

On Fluidization of Borosilicate Glasses in Intense Radiation Fields

Michael Ojovan, Guenter Mobus, Jim Tsai, Stuart Cook, and Guang Yang

ICEM2009-16196 835

The Effect of Waste Loading on the Characteristics of Borosilicate SRS SB4 Waste Glasses

Sergey Stefanovsky, Alexander Kobelev, Vladimir Lebedev, Michael Polkanov,

Dmitriy Suntsov, and James Marra

ICEM2009-16197 843

Cold Crucible Vitrification of SRS SB4 Waste at High Waste Loadings

Sergey Stefanovsky, Alexander Kobelev, Vladimir Lebedev, Oleg Knyazev,Michael Polkanov, and James Marra

ICEM2009-16282 851

The Results of Testing to Evaluate Crystal Formation and Settling in the Cold Crucible

Induction Melter

James Marra, Sergey Stefanovsky, Vladimir Lebedev, and Dmitriy Suntsov

ICEM2009-16288 859

Understanding Potential Release Mechanisms of Volatile Ruthenium During the Vitrification

of High Level Waste

Yvonne Lawson, Christopher M. Brookes, Carl J. Steele, and Mark J. Sarsfield

Author Index 869

xvi