Problem Solving Presentation 2010

8/3/2019 Problem Solving Presentation 2010

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Problem Solving Approach


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TQM (Total Quality Management)

TQM is an integrated organizational approach in delighting

Customers (both external and internal) by meeting their

expectations on continuous basis through every one involved with

working on continuous improvement in all products / processes

along with proper problem solving methodology / Approach


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TQM Key Concepts ContinuousImprovements - PDCA
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/PDCA_Cycle.svg


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Steps to be followed for problem solving.

Identification of problem

Selection of problemDefine the problem

Analyze the problem

Identification of causes

Finding out the root causeData Analysis


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Developing /obtaining the solution

Anticipated / probable resistance

Trial implementation / check performanceRegular implementation

Follow-up and review


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Different Models used for problem solving

Analogy

arrived from Greek word - analogia - proportion

Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving

,decision making , perception , memory , creativity

,emotion ,explanation and communication


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Kepner-Tregoe ( KT process)Kepner-Tregoe Inc. a multinational company whichprovides consulting services for problem solving .The

company was founded in 1958 by Dr. Charles Kepner andDr. Benjamin Tregoe .

This is based on rational process Technique. This involvesfollowing steps

Situation Appraisal

Problem Analysis

Project management


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Brainstorming

1. It is Group creativity Technique to generate large no. of ideas forsolution of the problem.

2. In 1953 method was popularized by Alex Faickney Osborn in thebook called Applied Imagination

3. Ground Rules

Focus on Quantity

Withhold Criticism

welcome Unusual idea

Combine and improve ideas


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GROW Model

Technique for problem solving was developed in UK by Graham

Alexander, Alan Fine and Sir John Whitmore and used in Corporate

coaching market in late 1980s and 1990s G - GOAL

R - Reality

O - Obstacles

- Options W - Way Forward


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RPR Problem Diagnosis

RPR (Rapid Problem Resolution) specifically designed to determine

the Root Cause of IT problems .

Core Process1. Discover

2. Investigate

3. Fix

Supporting Techniques


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Techniques / Tools Used For Problem Solving

1. Flow Diagram

2. Brainstorming

3. Data Collection

4. Graphs

5. Stratification

6. Cause and effect Diagram Ishikawa Diagram

7. Pareto Diagram Analysis


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What is Flow Diagram

Flow Diagram is a graphical or pictorial representation to

show the process sequence to understand ,analyze and re-

plan for making required changes .

Standard Symbols used are

Activity Symbol


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Decision Symbol

Terminal Symbol

Document Symbol


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Data Base Symbol

Flow Lines

Connector


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BrainstormingMethodology
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Activity_preperation.svg


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Process of conducting Brain storming
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Activity_conducting.svg


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Data Collection

1. Collection of data to evaluate magnitude of problem

(Check sheets ,etc.)

2. Classification of data in terms of various purpose

3. Analysis of Data

4. Interpretation and action plan


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GraphsTypes of Graphs

1. Line Graphs

2. Bar Graphs

3. Circle / Pie Charts

4. Pictorial graphs

Important points

Simple

Drawn on paper / Grids


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Should have Title , Date and other information

Use of Colour code if required

Appropriate Scale


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StratificationStratification is the process of separation /

segregation/classification of Data into categories

contributing to the problem which is to be tackled.

Steps of Stratification

1. Clarity of the Problem

2. Selection of Variables

3. Collection of data / information


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Cause and effect Diagram Ishikawa Diagram

It is graphical representation showing relationship of all possible

causes grouped under major causes and their resultant effect in

the form of problem defined in the square box at extreme right.

Because of Its appearance and similarity with Fish skeleton, itis also termed as Fish Bone Diagram

Dr.Kaoru Ishikawa first developed this technique in 1953 and

hence it is also called as Ishikawa Diagram.


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Cause and effect Diagram - Ishikawa Diagram - FishBone Diagram

Proble

m

(Effect)

MATERIAL

METHODMACHINE

MAN

PROCESS

-

. -

-

-


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For preparing Cause and Effect Diagram , Brainstorming

and Why chain theory is useful .

Ask Why to effect or Problem ,you get main cause and

further go on asking why to every main or sub causes so

you will get the Root cause

All such main causes and sub causes can be represented

by arrow and cause and effect diagram is obtained

CED is most effectively used to prepare action plan and

deciding line of action .


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RCA OF HIGHER % OF 1.05 RRT INETHOPROPHOS ( TECH.)

HIGHER %

0F 1.05 RRT

IN ETHO.

MATERIAL

METHODMACHINE

MAN

PROCESS

ETHANOL QUALITY

GC - MS ETHO

. DB- 5 COLUMN

DB- 1 COLUMN

PERSONAL ERROR

PERKIN E.GC

AGILENT GC

DILUTION OF IS

EEDC QUALITY

QUALITY OF RM

N- PROPYL MERCAPTAN, REC & DIST.

( INTIGRATION )

PID EXP.


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Pareto Diagram Pareto AnalysisArranging the classified / stratified data according to Priority indescending order.

This helps for selection of problem

This technique is named after Italian Economist Vilfredo Pareto(1848-1923) who studied distribution of wealth in Italy in1897,and observed that 80 % wealth was in the hands of 20 %population .


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Benefits of Pareto analysis

1. Helps to focus on those few vital problems identified by

prioritization to achieve maximum benefit

2. Pareto analysis is also useful to identify the root cause ofProblem

3. It helps us to check the performance of remedy


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Thank you very much for your kind attention

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Problem Solving Presentation 2010