Problem Presentation

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SYNOPSIS

GUIDED BY,

Prof. K.O. Rosy

HOD Dept. of Community Health Nursing

NUINS.CON

PRESENTED BY,

Mr. Sujith Kuriakose1ST Year M.Sc. Nursing

NUINS.CON


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NITTE UNIVERISTY (DECLARED AS DEEMED-TO-BE UNIVERISTY

UNDER SECTION 3 OF UGC ACT, 1956), KARNATAKA, MANGALORE.ANNEXURE II

1 Name of the candidate and address MR. SUJITH KURIAKOSE

1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING

NITTE USHA INSTITUTE OF

NURSING SCIENCES,

DERALAKATTE, MANGALORE

2 Name of the institution NITTE USHA INSTITUTE OFNURSING SCIENCES, COLLEGE OF

NURSING, PANEER, DERALAKATTE,

MANGALORE 574 160

KARNATAKA, INDIA

3 Course of the study and subject 1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING,

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4 Date of admission 01-06-09

5 Title of the topic

ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF EMPLOYEES REGARDING OCCUPATIONAL

HAZARDS AND SAFETY MEASURE PRACTICES.

PERFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION


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BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED STUDY INTRODUCTION

Industries and factories are now the commonplaces of accidents or occupational illness. Both theemployer and employees should be aware of the

common occupational health hazards andpreventive measures.1 The diseases arising out ofoccupations receive less attention because they arecomparatively late after the exposure. All those

exposed do not get the disease but very few andthe preventive measures are not much appreciatedby the employees or employers as they do not get

the benefits immediately2

.


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The common occupational hazards are

pneumoconiosis, accidents, injuries, ill effects of

heat, cold, noise, and vibrations and above all the

excessive dust particles produced and present in

the atmosphere3.

The rate of injury is high in the steelworks.

Characteristics of the work areas such as furnaces,welding sites, steel melting and moulding lines,

mixing of chemicals, working with machineries,

handling hot steel objects etc. Prevention of eyeinjury needs special attention in steelworks as there

are chances of eye injury due to welding and

melting of steel

1

.


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6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

India, in the recent years has faced emergence

many occupational hazards. Agriculture is the main

occupation in India. There are many agencies like

National Institute of Occupational Health, Industrial

Toxicology Research Centre, Central Labour

Institute, etc. are working on researchable issueslike Asbestos and asbestos related diseases,

Pesticide poisoning, Silica related diseases and

Musculoskeletal disorders. Still much more is to bedone for improving the occupational health

research.


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In USA in 2006 5,840 work related fatalities occurred.

Workplace homicides have declined 50 percent since 1994.

Struck by object fatalities overtook homicides as the third

most frequent fatal event in 2004. Men continued to recorda disproportionate share of fatalities relative to their

employment in 2006 (92%).4

According to data from the National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health, an average of 15 workers

die from traumatic injuries each day in the United States,

and an additional 200 workers are hospitalized. Common

causes of industrial injury are poor ergonomics, misuse or

failure of equipment, exposure to general hazards,

inadequate safety training and clothing,jewellery or

long hair that becomes tangled in machinery.6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelleryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergonomicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_Occupational_Safety_and_Health


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The magnitude of the problem is on a hike. There

arent many studies conducted in India on

occupational hazards and data regarding this is

unavailable. And also while the investigator had

been working as an assistant lecturer in Mangalore

had many opportunities to visit some of the steel

industries and learnt that the occupationalconditions are poor. Hence the investigator felt that

there is a need to assess the common occupational

hazards faced by the employees and also to assessthe safety measures adopted by them.


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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. A cross-sectional population based studyconducted in six industries of Mysore, Karnatakain 2008 found that in many industrial settings, thenoise levels are such that they are potentialhealth hazards. The study results showed that theindustrial workers are repeatedly being exposedto noise. It is found that symptoms such as 'eyeball pressure,' 'awakening from sleep,' 'pains inneck,' 'frequent ear vibration,' 'chronic fatigue,'

'repeated headache,' 'backache,' and 'repeatedear pulsation' common among the workers thosewho are exposed to the noise.


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2. A population based study in 2006 in

Delhi, India on health hazards of silver

cottage industry in developing countries

reveals that in silver industries and other

industries making metal products emit

neurotoxic and nephrotoxic particles. The

employees are not aware of the hazards

those can occur and there are no nationalpolicies to prevent exposure to such

chemicals.


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A cross-sectional study was conducted on relationships of

job hazards, lack of knowledge, alcohol use, health status

and risk taking behaviour to work injury of industrial

workers in, Kharagpur, India in 2008. It was found that the

main risk factors of occupational hazards are Handling

material, poor environmental/working conditions, and

geological/strata control- related hazards. Prevention

should focus on handling material, poor environmental

condition, especially addressing workers with no formal

education, alcohol consumption, disease, big family size,and risk-taking behaviour.9


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4. A study of six communities in Canada found

that one in three cases of adult onset asthma

may be due to occupational exposure.Researchers performed a population based

cross-sectional study involving more than

18,000 people, 20 44 years. They interviewed2,974 participants in person about symptoms of

and risk factors of asthma, including information

regarding occupational history, work related

symptoms and exposure to specific materials

known to induce Asthma. Of the 2,974, a small

subset (n=166) had onset of Asthma. This is

about 36.1% of incidence.


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5. A longitudinal population study was

conducted on mortality among sheet

metal workers between 1986 and 2004

in Canada. Statistically significant

excess mortality was observed forpleural cancers, mesothelioma, and

asbestosis. Both lung cancer and COPD

increased consistently. There was anincreased prevalence of lung cancer

among the workers those who smoke.


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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A study on knowledge, attitude and practice ofemployees regarding occupational hazards and

safety measure practices in a selected steel industry

in Mangalore.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To identify the knowledge and attitude of

employees regarding the occupationalhazards.

2. To assess knowledge and practice of

employees regarding various safety measuresagainst the occupational hazards.

3. To find the relationship between the

knowledge level and practice with selecteddemographic variables


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6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

1. Industry

In this study industry refers to a factory where there

are approximately 300 workers and electric power isused. The factory produces steel products such as

drums and leafs for vehicles.

2. Employees

In these study employees refers to permanent workersof the industry and who are between the age group 25

65 years of age and working shifts.

3. Knowledge

In this study knowledge refers to the awareness of the

employees regarding various occupational health

hazards of the industry as measured against structured

questionnaire.

i d


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4. Attitude

In this study attitude means the feelings of

employees regarding the need for safety

measures as measured with a rating scale.5. Occupational Hazard

Anything, including work practices or

procedures that have the potential to harm thehealth and safety of a person.

6. Safety measures

In this study safety measures refers to themedical, nursing, environmental and

engineering measures and the protective

devices those will protect the workers from

occupational hazards.


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6.6 DELIMITATIONSThe study is limited to:

- Employees of selected steel industry

- Bottom level employees- Who are able to follow the instructions

- Available during data collection

- Willing to participate in the study


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6.7ASSUMPTIONThe study assumes that

1. The employees have only basic

knowledge regarding the occupationalhealth hazards of the industry.

2. The employees have a positive attitude

regarding the safety practices


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6.8HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be a significant relationship

between knowledge of occupational

hazards and occupational safety practices.

H2: There will be a significant relationship

between knowledge of occupational

hazards and selected demographicvariables.


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7.MATERIALS AND METHOD

7.1.1 Source of data

Employees of selected steel industry where steel productssuch as drums and leafs for vehicles are produced.

7.1.2 Research design

In this study the research design is descriptive survey method7.1.3 Setting

Selected steel industry in Mangalore taluk which produces

steel products such as drums and leafs for vehicles.

7.1.4 PopulationEmployees of selected steel industry where steel products

such as drums and leafs for vehicles are produced.


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7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

7.2.1 Sampling procedure

Purposive sampling technique to select industry and

random sampling technique to select subjects 7.2.2 Sampling size

A random sample of 250 employees will be selectedfor the study

7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling 1. Who are employees of steel selected industry

2. Who are in the age group between 25 65 years

3. Who are able to follow instructions

4. Who can understand Kannada, Tulu and English 5. Who are permanent employees

6. Who are present at the time of data collection


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7.2.4 Exclusion criteria

1. Who are not willing to participate in the study2. Who are sick and absent

3. Who are having psychiatric problems

4. Who cannot spare time during the data collection

7.2.5 Instrument used

1. Demographical data

2. Knowledge questionnaire against which knowledge

can be assessed.3. Rating scale to assess the attitude


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7.2. 6 Data Collection Method

Investigator will obtain written permission from the

head of the industry prior to data collection period.

Purpose of the study will be explained to the subjectsand informed consent will be taken. There after data

will be collected using survey method.

7.2.7 Data analysis plan

Data will be analyzed by using Descriptive andinferential statistics.

Description of sample characteristics.

Description of knowledge regarding occupational

health hazards and safety measure practices in terms of

frequency and percentage.

Chi square of attitude regarding various safety measure

practices with the help of rating scales.


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7.3 Does the study require any investigation or

intervention to be conducted on patients or other

humans or animals? If so describe briefly.

This study does not require any interventions to be

conducted on the subjects. However, informedconsent will be obtained from respondents prior to

data collection.

7.4. Has the ethical clearance obtained?Ethical clearance will be obtained.


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BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

1. International Labour Office. (2005). Safety and health in the iron and

steel industry. Retrieved August 3, 2009 from

http://books.google.co.in/books.

2. Baride J.P. and Kulkarni AP. Text book of community medicine. 3rd

edition. Mumbai: Vora Medical Publishers; 2006.

3. Park. K. Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine. 19th edition.

Jabalpur (India): M/s Banarsidas Bhanot publishers; 2007.4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. ( 2008).

Injury/Illness Incidence Rates. Retrieved August 3, 2009 from

http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cfch0005.

5. Schoemaker MJ, Barreto SM, Swerdlow AJ, Higgins CD, Carpenter RG.(2003). Non fatal work related injuries in a cohort of Brazilian

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6. Wikipedia. (2009). Industrial injury. Retrieved July 20, 2009 from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/industrial injury.

Mahendra Prashanth KV, Sridhar V. (2008).

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez

Sethi PK, Khandelwal D. (2006).

8. Cadmium exposure: health hazards of silver cottage industry in developing

countries. Retrieved July 8, 2009 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez.Kunar BM, Bhattacherjee A, Chau N. (2008).

9. Relationships of job hazards, lack of knowledge, alcohol use, health status and risk

taking behaviour to work injury of coal miners: a case control study in India. Retrieved

July 12, 2009 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez.

10. Johnson AR. One third of Asthma cases may be occupationally related. AJN. 2001

April;101 (4): 18

Dement J, Welch L, Haile E, Myers D. (2009).

11.Mortality among sheet metal workers participating in a medical screening program.

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Problem Presentation