Principles of FlightPrinciples of Flight

Warm-Up QuestionsWarm-Up Questions

CPS Questions 1-2 CPS Questions 1-2

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Chapter OverviewChapter Overview

Lesson 1: Principles of FlightLesson 1: Principles of Flight Lesson 2: The Physics of FlightLesson 2: The Physics of Flight Lesson 3: The Purpose and Function of Lesson 3: The Purpose and Function of Airplane PartsAirplane Parts Lesson 4: Aircraft Motion and ControlLesson 4: Aircraft Motion and Control Lesson 5: Flight PowerLesson 5: Flight Power Lesson 6: Aviation InnovationLesson 6: Aviation Innovation

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Lesson OverviewLesson Overview The theory of flightThe theory of flight Airfoils and flightAirfoils and flight Newton's laws of motion and aircraft designNewton's laws of motion and aircraft design Bernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flightBernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flight The effect of relative wind on flightThe effect of relative wind on flight The effect of angle of attack on flightThe effect of angle of attack on flight

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Quick WriteQuick Write

What kinds of things do you think Chuck Yeager had to learn to What kinds of things do you think Chuck Yeager had to learn to accomplish accomplish

all that he did?all that he did?

(Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS) (Note to teacher: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS)

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of US Air Force

The Theory of FlightThe Theory of Flight Chinese Chinese Book of Sui Book of Sui – – ADAD 636 636 Marco Polo’s man-lifting kites – 13Marco Polo’s man-lifting kites – 13thth

CenturyCentury Montgolfier Brothers first hot air Montgolfier Brothers first hot air

balloon – 1783balloon – 1783 First manned gliders – 100 years laterFirst manned gliders – 100 years later Propeller-driven airplanes, jets, Propeller-driven airplanes, jets,

astronauts to the moon – 20astronauts to the moon – 20thth century century

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Chapter 1, Lesson 1

AirfoilsAirfoils

Help create the force for liftHelp create the force for lift Can be wings or propeller blades Can be wings or propeller blades Include leading and trailing edges and Include leading and trailing edges and

cambers and chord linescambers and chord lines

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Adapted from NASA/Glenn Research Center .

Wind TunnelsWind Tunnels Help test models of new aircraftHelp test models of new aircraft

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Wind Tunnels, cont.Wind Tunnels, cont. The Wright Brothers tested more than 200 The Wright Brothers tested more than 200

wing shapes in a tunnel before the successfulwing shapes in a tunnel before the successful 1902 glider1902 glider

Researchers can carefully control airflow Researchers can carefully control airflow conditions and measure the forces on an conditions and measure the forces on an aircraft modelaircraft model

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Courtesy of NASA

Newton’s First Law of Newton’s First Law of MotionMotion

A body in motion tends to A body in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight stay in motion in a straight line, and a body at rest line, and a body at rest tends to stay at rest, unless tends to stay at rest, unless an outside force causes it to an outside force causes it to stopstop

Chapter 1, Lesson 1© iStockphoto/Thinkstock

Newton’s Second Law of Newton’s Second Law of MotionMotion

Explains how much force is needed to cause Explains how much force is needed to cause an object to move faster an object to move faster

Force = mass x acceleration, or F = maForce = mass x acceleration, or F = ma

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Waiting for Credit line if needed

Newton’s Second Law of Newton’s Second Law of Motion, cont.Motion, cont.

You could use F=ma to calculate exactly You could use F=ma to calculate exactly how powerful an engine would have to be how powerful an engine would have to be to supply enough pushing force to to supply enough pushing force to accelerate for takeoffaccelerate for takeoff

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Courtesy of NASA

Activity 1: Newton’s First and Activity 1: Newton’s First and Second Laws of MotionSecond Laws of Motion

Review Newton’s First and Second Laws Review Newton’s First and Second Laws of Motion and their mathematical of Motion and their mathematical formulasformulas

Apply the formulas to complete the Apply the formulas to complete the questionsquestions

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

  

CPS Questions 3-4CPS Questions 3-4

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Newton’s Third Law of MotionNewton’s Third Law of Motion

““For every action is there an equal and For every action is there an equal and opposite reaction”opposite reaction”

Chapter 1, Lesson 1Reproduced from NASA

Newton’s Third Law of Motion, Newton’s Third Law of Motion, cont.cont.

Jet propulsion is an example Jet propulsion is an example

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Courtesy of US Air Force

Activity 2: Activity 2: Newton’s Third Law of MotionNewton’s Third Law of Motion

Review Newton’s Third Law and the Review Newton’s Third Law and the scenarioscenario

Answer questions using the principle of Answer questions using the principle of Newton’s Third Law of MotionNewton’s Third Law of Motion

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Bernoulli’s PrincipleBernoulli’s Principle

Increased airflow causes a decrease in air Increased airflow causes a decrease in air pressurepressure

Air flowing over the curved upper surface of a Air flowing over the curved upper surface of a wing speeds upwing speeds up

Increase in speed reduces pressure above the Increase in speed reduces pressure above the wing and produces the upward lifting force wing and produces the upward lifting force

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA Quest

Activity 3: Activity 3: Bernoulli’s Principle in ActionBernoulli’s Principle in Action

In your assigned group, conduct an In your assigned group, conduct an experiment to demonstrate Bernoulli’s experiment to demonstrate Bernoulli’s Principle in actionPrinciple in action

Follow the procedures in order and record Follow the procedures in order and record

what happenedwhat happened

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Effect of Relative Wind Effect of Relative Wind on Flighton Flight

Relative wind has both a speed and a directionRelative wind has both a speed and a direction When a plane flies, relative wind blows in When a plane flies, relative wind blows in

nearly thenearly the exactexact opposite direction to the opposite direction to the plane’s directionplane’s direction

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from Civil Air Patrol

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Learning Check QuestionsLearning Check Questions

  

CPS Questions 5-6CPS Questions 5-6

Effect of Angle ofEffect of Angle of Attack on Flight Attack on Flight

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

If a plane alters pitch—If a plane alters pitch—the up and down the up and down movement of the plane’s movement of the plane’s nose—the angle of attack nose—the angle of attack on its wings will changeon its wings will change

As angle of attack As angle of attack increases, wings generate increases, wings generate more lifting forcemore lifting force

Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center.

Critical Angle of AttackCritical Angle of Attack

Point at which a plane stalls—around 15Point at which a plane stalls—around 15⁰⁰

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research Center

Activity 4: Building Planes and Activity 4: Building Planes and Concepts of FlightConcepts of Flight

Build a paper jet airplaneBuild a paper jet airplane With a group, conduct some flight tests With a group, conduct some flight tests Determine what concepts and principles of Determine what concepts and principles of

flight are observedflight are observed Record findings on chart Record findings on chart

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

SummarySummary The theory of flightThe theory of flight Airfoils and flightAirfoils and flight Newton's laws of motion and aircraft designNewton's laws of motion and aircraft design Bernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flightBernoulli’s principle, airfoils, and flight The effect of relative wind on flightThe effect of relative wind on flight The effect of angle of attack on flightThe effect of angle of attack on flight

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Chapter 1, Lesson 1

Review QuestionsReview Questions

  

CPS Questions 7-8CPS Questions 7-8

Next….Next….

Done – principles of flightDone – principles of flight

Next - physics of flightNext - physics of flight

Chapter 1, Lesson 1 Reproduced from NASA/Glenn Research CenterReproduced Center