ContinuationPrincipal Parts of the Verbs

Participles have three functions in sentences. They can be COMPONENTS OF VERBS, OR THEY CAN FUNCTION AS ADJECTIVES, OR NOUNS.Participles in Multipart VerbsA verb can have as many as four parts. When you form a multipart verbs, you can use a combination of auxiliary verbs and participle.

Examples:Our pet crocodile ate Mrs. Santos poodle.ate simple past tense (not participle)

With a big stick, Mrs. Santos was beating our pet crocodile over the head in an attempt to retrieve her poodle. was auxiliary verbbeating- present participle

Our pet crocodile has been stalkinf neighborhood pets because my brother Jose forgets to feed the poor reptile.

has auxiliary verbbeen past participlestalking present participle

Our pet crocodile should have been eating the crunchy nuggets that Henry leaves for him in a place.

should, have auxiliary verbsbeen past participleeating present participle

Participle as AdjectivesPast and Present participles often function as adjectives that describe nouns.Example:The crying baby drew a long breath and sucked in a spider crouching in the corner of the crib.Which baby? The crying babyWhich spider? The one that is crouching in the corner

Participles as NounsPresent participles can function as nouns the subjects, direct/indirect objects, object of the preposition, and subject complement in sentences. Whenever a present participle functions as a noun, you call it as gerund.Examples:Sneezing exhaust Susan.Valerie hates cooking.

We gave jumping game a chance.Jun bit her tongue instead of criticizing her proms date powder.

Johns favorite sport is water-skiing.

Regular VerbsThe principal parts of verb are those from which all forms of verb are made.

Present infinitive (Present)PastPast Participle

Regular Verb forms its Past and PP by adding ed, d to the Present.

PresentPastPast ParticipleDanceDancedDancedOpenOpenedOpened

Irregular Verb one that does NOT form its Past and PP by ed or d.

PresentPastPast ParticipleSetSetSitSpeakSpokeSpokenPutPutPut

The Progressive Form The progressive form is used to show an ongoing action. It is formed by using the form of be = (is, was, has been, must be, might have been) with the present participle. It shows that an action is in progress. Example: She ________________ studying.

Verbs can appear in any one of the three progressive tenses. Present Progressive The cake is baking slowlyPast Progressive The trees were waving back and forth.Future Progressive The children will be crying.

Emphatic FormsUse do, does, did to emphasize the verb.

The children does learn quickly here.The children do learn quickly here.The children did learn quickly here.

TensesSimple Present Tense:It tells something that exists at the present moment.

The students are in the basketball court. (right now)The salad smells sour. (at this moment)

The present form of action verbs are used to tell repeated/regular and habitual action.

The family goes to America every summer.

The present form of action verbs are used to tell something that is generally true at all times.

The sun sets in the west.

Used to tell permanent condition.

Zamboanga is in Mindanao.The Pope lives in Vatican.

Historical present is a past action, which for dramatic purposes, is described as occuring in the present. The use of the present tense in this case makes the description vivid.

Suddenly a German plane dives vertically through our formation firing as he goes. He misses. The fire in the room is out now, but the smoke is still heavy. There must be fire in the walls. A man from ladder company arrives and pulls the cealing down in huge chucnks. Now we can see the fire. He backs out of the room so he I can hit it. then we return to the other rooms to let loose a final bath. Our job is finished. On the street we hear Pete has nasty burn on his leg.

Simple Past TenseIt indicates events that happened at a specific time in the past.

Mother was in Italy five years ago.They came at 2:30 this afternoon.We heard about the good news yesterday.

A past tense denote past action. Regular verbs form its PT by adding -ed or d.

The storm caused much damage.

The expression used to followed by theverb shows past time. Indicates that the action expressed no longer takes place.

He used to play hooky.

Simple Future TenseFuture time is shown by shall or will with the present form of the verb.

I am going to leave for Canada in December.I shall listen.We will listen.

Will - in USA and other English-speaking countries in all persons to express simple futurity or a simple future happening is observed.

I will attend my class on Monday.You will buy the book next week.

Shall - expressing emphatic future in connection with strong determination, definite obligation, or authoritative command, laws resolution...

I shall return.Being the sergeant-at-arms, you shall maintain order in the meeting.New cabinet members shall be appointed.

...used with the first person and will for the second and third persons to express simple futurity.

I shall go to the mall on Sunday.You will study in the libaray.

Note: Other way of indicating time by usage idioms rather than by tense, particularly future action are observed.

We expect to hear Phoebe in a day or two.Be sure he is going to cook dinner for us.

Present Perfect Tenseis formed by adding has or have to the past participle of the verb.has gonehave gonehas donehave donehas writtenhave writtenhas workedhave workedhas finished have finished

Uses of the Present Perfect Tense To denote an action that began in the past and continues into the present We have lived in Quezon City for three years. They have been here since this morning. Miss Diaz has taught English since 1990.

To denote an action or state of being completed at the time statement is made if no definite past time is indicated. We have heard the stroy several times. I have asked her many times to give me her address. Leo has alreadt read the book.

Past Perfect Tenseis formed by adding had to the past participle of the verb.

had chosenhad answeredhad drunk had learened (learnt)

Use of the Past Perfect Tense It is used to express an action that happened before another past action.

He had finished his work before we arrived.My sister had left when I came home. Note:The past action that was completed before another past action is expressed by the past perfect tense.

Future Perfect Tenseis formed by adding will have or shall have to the past participle of the verb. shall or will have flownshall or will have cookedshall or will have sunkshall or will have takenshall or will have polishedshall or will have shown

Use of Future Perfect Tense The future perfect tense is used to denote a future action that will happen before another fucture action or before specified time in the future. I shall have written my assignment before the bell will ring for dismissal. He will have cleaned the room before the class will bigen.He will have taken his examination by tomorrow morning.