Monday, 7/27

Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts

• Verbs are central part of complete sentence.

• A Latin sentence might consist of a single verb.

• Latin verbs have four Principal Parts

Monday, 7/27

Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts

• Compare English principal parts:

• To Latin principal parts:

Monday, 7/27

Ch 2 Sec. 6 Principal Parts

• The first principal part, the 1st person present tense, is used to look up a Latin word in a dictionary.

• At first we will only use the first two principal parts, but learn them all now to save yourself work later.

Tuesday, 7/28

Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs

• A conjugation is a group of verbs that share similar pattern for their endings

• It is like a verb ‘family’

• Latin has four conjugations, or ‘families’, of verbs

• The first conjugation can be recognized by the –āre ending of its infinitive form, the 2nd principal part.

Tuesday, 7/28

Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs

Finding the stem of a verb is an important part of being able to use a verb.

To the stem we will add endings to conjugate the verb in every person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number (singular, plural).

Tuesday, 7/28

Ch 2 Sec. 7 First Conjugation Verbs

How to find the stem:

Take the 2nd Principal part minus the –re ending to get the stem. E.i., 2nd p.p. - –re = stem

E.g. amāre minus –re equals amā , the stem

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

• To conjugate a verb is to list a verb with its endings

• Below is the verb amāre conjugated in the present tense using personal endings.

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Two important aspects of a verb:

• Number tells how many are acting: denoted as singular (I love) or plural (we love).

• Person tells who is acting: 1st person (I, we), 2nd person (you - sing. or plural); 3rd person (he/she/it, they)

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugating steps:

(1) Place first principal part in first person singular blank

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugate cantō, cantāre

Find stem: cantāre - _______ = _________

1s cantō 1pl _______________

2s __________ 2pl _______________

3s __________ 3pl _______________

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugating steps:

(1) Place first principal part in first person singular blank

(2) Find stem using equation

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugate cantō, cantāre

Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā

1s cantō 1pl _______________

2s __________ 2pl _______________

3s __________ 3pl _______________

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugating steps:

(1) Place first principal part in first person singular blank

(2) Find stem using equation

(3) Place stem in remaining blanks

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugate cantō, cantāre

Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā

1s cantō 1pl cantā

2s cantā 2pl cantā

3s cantā 3pl cantā

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugating steps:

(1) Place first principal part in first person singular blank

(2) Find stem using equation

(3) place stem in remaining blanks

(4) add personal endings to stems

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugate cantō, cantāre

Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā

1s cantō 1pl cantāmus

2s cantās 2pl cantātis

3s cantāt 3pl cantānt

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugating steps:

(1) Place first principal part in first person singular blank

(2) Find stem using equation

(3) place stem in remaining blanks

(4) add personal endings to stems

(5) eliminate unneeded macra on 3rd person.

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Conjugate cantō, cantāre

Find stem: cantāre – re = cantā

1s cantō 1pl cantāmus

2s cantās 2pl cantātis

3s cantat 3pl cantant

Say them together in Latin!

Then English…

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

Practice:

Conjugate nāvigō, nāvigāre

Find stem: nāvigāre - _______ = _________

Add stem to personal endings (mind your macra!):

1s __________ 1pl _______________

2s __________ 2pl _______________

3s __________ 3pl _______________

Say them together!

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

• A third important aspect of a verb is tense.

• Tense tells the time some action takes place.

• English has three ways to express the present tense:

Simple present …… I love

Present progressive …….. I am loving

Present Emphatic ……… I do love

Block Day, Thurs. 7/30

Ch 2 Sec 8 - 1st C.: Present and Personal Endings

• Latin has only one way to express the present tense.

• So a Latin verb in the present tense can be translated in three ways:

– amō = I love….I am loving…..I do love

– cantat = she sings….he is singing…..It does sing

• A question (interrogative) can be formed from a Latin verb by adding –ne to the end (a suffix):

• Cantatne = Is he singing? Does she sing?