Principal Parts of Verbs

Page 178-179

TN Standard

• SPI 0501.1.2 Identify the correct use of verbs (i.e., action/linking, regular/irregular, agreement, tenses) within context.

Principal Parts of Verbs

• The principal parts of a verb are forms that help it express time and action.

• The four principal parts are called the present, the present participle, the past, and the past participle.

Principal Parts of VerbsPresent Present Participle Past Past Participle

climb (climbs) (is, are, was, were) climbing climbed (have, has, had) climbed

carry (carries) (is, are, was, were) carrying carried (have, has, had) carried

live (lives) (is, are, was, were) living lived (have, has, had) lived

Forming the Future Tense• To form the future tense, use verbs from the present

column (previous slide) with will or shall.• You can use helping verbs with participles to make other

tenses. • For the present participle, use forms of the helping verb be

(is, are, was, were). For the past participle, use forms of have (have, has, had).

• Examples: She uses her pencil today. (present)She is using her pencil again today. (present participle)She used her pencil. (past)She had used her pencil yesterday. (past participle)

Directions for 1-5, page 178: identify and write the principal part (does not include the helping verb)

used in the verb or verb phrase in each sentence and tell the kind of principal part it is. Use the chart to help you to identify. One sentence has two verbs.

• Example: The scientist has arrived in the tropical forest.• Answer: arrived, past

participle

1. She pitched her tent and looked around.

present present participlepast past participle

2. Now she observes a band of spider monkeys.present present participle

past past participle

3. They are jumping from tree to tree.

present present participlepast past participle

4. They have paused for a snack.

present present participlepast past participle

5. They have lived here for many years.

present present participlepast past participle

Directions for 6-15, page 179: identify and write the verb phrase(includes the helping verb) and tell the

kind of principal part used in the verb. Use the chart to help you to identify.

Some sentences have two verbs.

• Example: The zoologist had stayed in the tropical forest.• Answer: had stayed, past

participle

6. She prepared for her return in North America.

present present participlepast past participle

7. “The animals here have amazed me,” she noted in her journal.

present present participlepast past participle

8. She has taken some beautiful photographs.

present present participlepast past participle

9. She has recorded information in her journal.

present present participlepast past participle

10. “Now, a different forest awaits me.”

present present participlepast past participle

11. Soon she will sketch raccoons at a pond.

present present participlepast past participle

12. The zoologist has photographed otters.

present present participlepast past participle

13. Three otters are playing by the river.

present present participlepast past participle

14. “Have they encountered humans before?” she wondered.

present present participlepast past participle

15. Soon she will publish a wildlife book.

present present participlepast past participle