Pride of India2

7/22/2019 Pride of India2

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Pride of IndiaA glimpse into Indias scientific heritage

Dr. Vinayachandra B.K.Centre for Indian Psychology

Jain University


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Why ?

1. To get a deeper understanding of our nation.

2. To draw everything that is beautiful and

worthwhile.

3. Experience one-ness with the Soul of India


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What they said

India has always been an object of yearning, a realmof wonder, a world of magic.Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

A Hindu is only glad that what he has been cherishingin his bosom for thousands of years will be expressedin a more powerful and effective languagethelanguage of science.

Swami Vivekananda "India of the ages is not dead nor has she spoken her

last creative word; she lives and has still something todo for herself and the human peoples."

Sri Aurobindo


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But Why Have We Forgotten..

We must at present do our best to form a classwho may be interpreters between us and the

millions whom we govern, --a class of persons

Indian in blood and colour, but English in tastes,in opinions, in morals and in intellect.

- Lord Macaulayin his minutes, Feb 2, 1835.


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MATHEMATICS


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Mathematicians

Bodhayanah (800 BCE) Sulbasutram

Brahmaguptah (628 AD) Brahma-sputha-siddantah

Mahaviracharya (850 AD) Ganita-sarasangraha Mishrakavya-vyavaharah

Bhaskaracharya (1200 AD)

Lilavati Bijaganitam

Narayanah (1356 AD)

Ganita-kaumudi


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Boudhayana Theorem

dI"RcturSya[ya ru> paRmanI ityGmanI c

yTp&wGUte ktSty< kraeit.

The areas (of the squares) produced

separately by the length and breadth of a

rectangle together equal the area (of the

square) produced by the diagonal.

From figure: a2 + b2 =c2

Ref: Sulbasutram chap 1 shloka 12 (Boudhayana 800 BCE)

Western reference

The theorem is generally attributed to Pythagoras.


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Circum-radius of Cyclic-quadrilateral

dae:[a< yaeRyae"aRtyutIna< its[a< vxat!

@kEkaenetryEKyctu:kvxaijte.

The three sums of the product of the sides taken

two at a time are to be multiplied together and

divided by the product of the four sums of thesides taken three at a time and diminished by

the fourth.

lBxmUlen ym! iv:kMaxeRn inimRtm!,

svRm! ctuuRj]e


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Circum-radius of Cyclic-quadrilateral

If a,b,c & d are lengths of the quadrilateral and

O is center of circumcircle, then circumradius

OA = r is,

(ab+cd) (ac+bd) (ad+bc)

(a+b+c-d) (b+c+d-a) (c+d+a-b) (d+a+b-c)

r =

Western reference

This result is known as Simon A.J Lhuiliers (1782 AD) theorem. However the result is expressed by using

2S = a+b+c.

Ref: Commentary on Lilavati, shlokah 191,192 (Parameshvara 1430)


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Value of pi

cturixk< ztmgu[< a;iStwa sh[am!,

Ayutyiv:k.

Circumference C = [ (100 + 4) * 8] + 62000

= 62832

Diameter d = 20000

& thus pi = C/d = 3.1416 (app.)

Ref: Aryabhatiyam, Ganitapadh, chapter 2, slokah 10. (499 AD)

When 100 plus 4 is multiplied by 8 and added to 62,000 (it gives) an approximate

value for the circumference of a circle whose diameter is 20,000.


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Value of pi

Values of piIndian attempts1. Mahavira (850) :

2. Bhaskara II (1150) : 3927/1250 = 3.1416

3. Nilakanta Somayaji (1444) : 3.1415925814. Shankara Variyar (1500) : 3.14159265392

5. Putumana Somayaji (1732) : 3.1415926536

6. Shankar Varma (1823) : 3.14159265358979324

7. Ramanujan (1887) : quoted expressions up to

3,7,8,14,31 decimal places

10


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PHYSICS


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Astronomy

Aryabhata I (500 AD) Aryabhtiyam

Aryabhatasiddhanta

Brahmagupta (700 AD) Brahmaguptasiddhanta

Khandakhadyaka (in two volumes)

Bhaskaracharya (1200 AD) SiddhantashiromaniGola-adhyayah

Grahaganitah


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Rotation of Earth

AnulaemgitnaESw> pZyTycl< ivlaemg< yt!,

Aclain ain tt! smpimgain l


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Gravity of the Earth

twa p&iwVyamimainnI ya devta isa sE;a pu;Sy Apanv&imv_yak:y vzIkTy

Ax> @v Apk;eR[ Anuh< kvRtI vtRte #TywR>, ANywa ih zrIr< guTvat! ptet!

savkaze va %CDet!!.

Similarly the deity that is earth exists by favouring, attracting, controlling by

pulling down the vital function called apana of the human. Else the body

would fall due to its weight or would fly into the sky if let free.

Ref : Shankarascommentary (8th century AD) on prasnopanisad (Vedic period), chapter 3, mantra 8.

Western reference

Newtonapple falling from the tree.


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The Heliocentric TheorynEvaStmnmkRSy svRda st>,

%dyaStmnaOy< ih dzRnadzRn< rve>.

There is, in truth, neither rising nor setting for he sun, for it is always there, and

these terms (of rising a setting) merely imply his presence and disappearance.

daxwR p&iwvImitae myUoE>.

(The sun) holds the earth from all sides with (his) rays.

imae daxar p&iwvImut*a ki>,The sun holds t earth and the celestial region. The sun is the attracting power.

Ref:1. visnu-puranam, book2, chapter 8, slokah 15 vyasah (post-vedic period)

2. yajur-aranyakam prasnah 1, anuvakah 8, vargah 3 (Vedic period)

3. yajur veda, taittiriya-samhita, kandah 3, prapatakah 4, anuvakah 10, mantra 34 (vedic period)


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The Speed of Lighttri[ivRdzRtae JyaeitZkdis sUyR,

ivmaais raecnm!.

Oh sun! (You) overwhelm all in speed, visible to all, source of light. (you) shine

pervading the universe.

twa c SmyRte yaejnana< sh< e e zte e c yaejne @ken inim;axeRn mma[ nmaeStute.

It is remembered (that) Salutations to Thee (sun), the traveler of 2,202 yojanas in

half a nimisha.

Ref:

1. Rg-veda-samhita, mandalam-1, suktam-50, mantrah-4 (6000 BCE)

2. Sayanacaryascommentary (14th century)


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The Speed of Light

Distance travalled = 2202 yojanas

= 21,144.705 miles

Time Taken = nimesha = 1/8.75

= 0.114286 secs

Speed of light = 185,016.169 miles/sec

Modern Value = 186,282.397

Western reference

In 1676 by Danish Astronomer Olaus Roemer

In 1887 by Michealson and Morley establised the velocity to be 1,86,300 miles/sec


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MachineDefinition

dNfEE dNtE sri[m[aidi>,

zeTpadn< ik< va cln< ymuCyte.

The generation of energy or motion, through the continuousmovement or rotation of shafts, wheels or wedges is called a machine.

Ref : yantrarnavah (14th century)


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MachineAttributesywvIhs saEiZq(< [taip c, AlytainvRh[< l"uTv< zBdhInta.

zBde saXye tdaixKymzEiwLymgaFta, vhI;u smStasu saEiZq(< caslit>.

yweawRkairTv< lytalanugaimta>, #kalewRdizRTv< pun> sMyvs.

AnuLb[Tv< taPy< daF(Rms&[ta twa, icrkal shTv.

These are the great attributes of machine-proper union of effort and result, good

contact, smoothness, requiring no attention, sustaining, lightness and

noiselessness, when sound is required its predominance, not loosening or

clogging, good contact in all moving parts, no break in action, attainment of

results as desired, adherence to rhythm and timing, showing results at themoment desired, retuning to normalcy at other times, not bulging and staying in

shape, strength, softness and durability.

Ref : Samarangana-sutradharah, chapter 31, raja bhoja (11th century ad)


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Some Interesting Facts..

Werner Heisenberg meets Rabindranath Tagore

(1929) before publishing the Uncertainty

principle.

Robert Oppenheimer quoting from Bhagavad

Gita immediately after the explosion of first

nuclear bomb on 16thJuly 1945.
http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/shiva/explo.htmlhttp://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/shiva/explo.htmlhttp://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/shiva/explo.html


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CHEMISTRY


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Metallurgy

"The Hindus excel in the manufacture of iron, and in the preparations of thoseingredients along with which it is fused to obtain that kind of soft iron which is

usually styled Indian steel (Hindiah). They also have workshops wherein are forged

the most famous sabres in the world.

- Arab Edrizi, Arab Traveller.

The wootz, crucible and stainless steels

were invented in India, and were widely

exported, resulting in "Damascus steel

by the year 1000.

World Famous Iron pillar, Delhi stands rust-free

even after some 1500 years
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Iron-pillar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Iron-pillar.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Iron-pillar.jpg


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Pictures Speak A Thousand Words


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Generation of Electricity in a Cell

s


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HEALTH & MEDICATION


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Physicians Par-Excellence

First sources in Atharvaveda (5000 BCE)

Renowned Teachers of later years Charaka (I BCE)Attreya School

Sushrutha (6thBCE)Dhanvantari School Vagbhata (6thAD)Kashyapa School

Three original Teachers Atreya (Internal Medicine)

Dhanvantri (Surgery) Kashyapa (Gynaecology & Paediatrics)


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MedicineTest of Cure

kay xatusaMy< tSy l][< ivkaraepzm>, prI]aTvSy gupzmn< Svrv[Ryaeg> zrIraepcy> blv&i>

A_yvhayaRila;> icrrahkale sMyGjr[< inalaae ywakal< suoen c itbaexn svaRkarEmRnaebuIiNya[a< caVypiirit.

The task is the equilibrium of the primary fluids (humors). Its characteristic

feature is the pacification of the aberration. The test of the cure is the abatingof the disease, normalcy of voice and colour (of the skin), non-decay of the

body, increase in strength, desire for eating, interest in eating, timely digestion

of the food that is eaten, getting sleep at the proper time, not having

nightmare, waking up happily, the release of the wind, urine, excrement and

semen, non impairment of the mind, intellect and sense organs in all aspects.

Ref : Caraka-samhita, vimanasthanam, chapter 8, paragraph 89. (I century B.C)


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Surgery

Intestinal Surgery

Bladder Stone Removal

Plastic Surgery of the Nose Absorbable Ligatures

Suturing


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Birth of Plastic Surgery

Tipu Sultans battle with the British ( 1793 AD)

Reported in Madras Gazette

Oct 1794Reported in Gentlemans Magazine London

Indian nose surgery or Rhinoplasty enters Europe

SOME O F I T O R I G I N A T E D H E R E I N INDIA

Dr. J. C. Carpue, UK.

Dr. Graefe, Germany


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Cardiology

AaharSy sMykpir[tSy yStejae Utsar> prmsUm> s rs> #TyuCyte, tSy dy< Swan< s dyat!

ctuivztIxRmnIrnuivZy kT< zrIrmhrh> tpRyit vxRyit xaryit yapyit cAhetukenkmR[a.

"The blood issues forth from the heart and there from goes everywhere; through

the veins, it reaches the heart. Therefore the veins are born of the heart.

Ref: susruta-samhita,sutra-stanam, adhyayah 14, paragraph 3 (6thcentury BCE).


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LIFE SCEINCES

Lif i Pl t


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Life in Plantssuo>oyae h[aiCDSy c ivraeh[at!, jIv< pZyaim v]a[amcEtNy< n iv*te.

ten tlmad< jryTyimtaE, Aaharpir[ama ehae v&i jayte.

ve[aeTplnalen ywaeXv jlmaddet!, twa pvns padE> ipbit padp>.

From the grasping of happiness and unhappiness, from the healing of wounds I see

life. Plants are sentient.

Heat and light digest the water that is drawn by the plant. From the transformation

of what is bought in (the digested water) fluids comes into being; growth occurs.

Just as one draws water up by the mouth and lotus stalk, plant endowed with air,drinks water with its feet.

Ref : Mahabharata, shanti-parva, chapter 184, slokah 16-18

d l f l


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Traditional Life cycle

ConsciousIncompetence

Conscious

Competence

Unconscious

Incompetence

Unconscious

Competence


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Traditional Life cycle

Conscious Incompetence

RevivalDisuse


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Where is Science ?

Science in Secular Texts

Science in Sacred Texts

Science in Tradition

Science in Mythology


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They Felt So..

India was the motherland of our race, andSanskrit the mother of Europes languages; shewas the mother of our philosophy; mother,through the Arabs, of much of our mathematics;mother, through Buddha, of the ideals embodiedin Christianity; mother through villagecommunity, of self-government and democracy.

Mother India is in many ways the mother of usall.

-Will Durant(1885-1981)Renowned American Historian


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March Forward

This is the ancient land , where wisdom made itshome before it went into any other country.

Here is the same India whose soil has been

trodden by the feet of the greatest sages that

ever lived . Look back , therefore, as far as you

can, drink deep of the eternal fountains that are

behind and after that look forward, march

forward, and make India brighter, greater, muchhigher, than she ever was

Swami Vivekananda


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Pride of India2