PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF COMMON

ENDOPARASITES OF MITHUN

• Normally, it affects liver, lung, spleen andkidney.

Published byICAR-NRConMithun,Medziphema,

Nagaland-797106

Compiled and Edited by:J.K.Chamuah,VivekJoshi,H.Lalzampuia,SSHanah,Lalchamliani,K.PBiam,DBorkotoky,LSunitibala

Devi,VikramR.,M.H.KhanandNHaque

For further informationEmail:director.nrcmithun@icar.gov.inWebsite:www.nrcmithun.icar.gov.in

2020

HydatidcystinLungs&Liver

Control of endoparasites in mithun:Anthelmintic• Fenbendazole @10mg/kg body weight orally

(3gbolus/adultanimal).• Piperazine adipate (45mg/100ml) @ 30ml for

calves(Toxocara vitulorum infection)• Albendazole @7.5-15mg/kg body weight orally

(2.5gbolus/120kgbodyweight)effectiveasbroadspectrumanthelmintic.

• Ivermectin (0.2mg/kg body weight) @ 1ml/50kgsubcutaneously is very effective againstendoparasitesandectoparasites.

Prevention and Control:1. Properdewormingofaffectedanimalswithbroad-

spectrumanthelmintics.2. Planting feeds and fodders having anthelmintic

propertiesinmithunthrivingforestareas.3. Regular pre-monsoon and post-monsoon.

dewormingofmithunswithanthelmintics.4. Adopt optimal feeding practices and maintain

properhygieneinsheds.5. Rotationalgrazingshouldbefollowedforparasite

controlinforestgrazedanimals. ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun(An ISO 9001: 2015 Quality Management System)

MEDZIPHEMA,NAGALAND-797106

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Introduction• Endoparasites especially gastrointestinal

helminthes are the major cause of ill health inmithunthataredirectlyandindirectlyassociatedwithmorbidity,mortalityandeconomiclosses.

• MostcommongastrointestinalparasitesofmithunareHaemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomumspp.,Trichostrongylusspp.,Mecistocirrusspp.,Cooperiaspp.,Trichurisspp.,Toxocaraspp.,Strogyloidesspp.,Bunostomum spp., Fasciola gigantica, Moniezia benedeniandMoniezia expansa

Clinical signsRound worm infection• The clinical signs vary depending on species

of parasites involved. In H. contortus, clinicalsigns are anaemia, palor of mucous membrane,bloody diarrhea, weakness and progressivedebilitation.

• Toxocariasis is another disease responsible forcalves’ mortality in mithun. Clinically, animaldefecate mud coloured watery feces, showpotbellied condition, intermittent diarrhoeafollowedbyconstipation,emaciation,roughbodycoat and in postmortem,mild catarrhal enteritisofintestine.

• PimplygutisacommonphenomenoninchronicinfectionofOesophagostomum spp.,whereentirelarge intestineand rectumarefilledwithgreyishwhitenodules.

Amphistomiasis• Immature amphistomosis is an acute and fatal

diseaseofyoungmithuncharacterizedbyprofusediarrhoea, dehydration, palemucousmembrane,roughbodycoatfollowedbydeathoftheanimal.

Cestode infestation Monieziasis• AmongCestode infection,Moniezia expansaand

M. benedeni are the most common in mithun,this is due to presence of oribatid mite in theenvironmentduringwinter.

• Cestode infectedmithun calves showpot-belliedcondition rough body coat, palor of mucousmembrane, reduced body weight gain andconstipation.

AdultToxocara vitulorum

Pimplygut

Adult Mecistocirrus digitatus

Fasciola gigantica

Adult Moniezia benedeni

Immature Toxocaraspp.inabomasum

Pot-belliedcondition

M.digitatusinfestedabomasum

Roughbodyhaircoat

• Mecistocirrus digitatus cause death of theanimals in heavy infestation; they show clinicalsigns according to the degree of infestation andcommon signs are anemia and palor ofmucousmembrane.

Fluke infection in mithunFascioliasis• Fascioliasis isamajorfluke infestationcausedby

Fasciola giganticainMithun.Theaffectedanimalsshow edema in submandibular region, palemucousmembrane,diarrheaandconstipation.

Hydatidosis• Itistheformationoffluidfilledcystsindifferent

bodyorgansofMithunand it is important sinceit can be transmitted to humans by consumingmithunmeat(Zoonoticdisease).