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EMPURAU PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE MALAYSIAN
MAHSEER/EMPURAU/KELAH AQUACULTURE
Presented at
BioBorneo 2013
19-20 February, 2013
Magellan Sutera Harbour, Sabah
Content
Background
Objective
Scope
Project team
Specific projects
Output
BACKGROUND
Bengkel Pelan Strategik Penyelidikan Empurau/Kelah
(Tor tambroides) Malaysia, 19-21 Julai, 2011 in
Sarawak
30 empurau researchers from USM, UPM, UMT,
UNISEL, UITM, JPS, DOF, ABI, FRI, PPA Perlok
presented and contributed to the Strategic Plan
Initiatives of Malaysian Mahseers
Issues, challenges and gaps in empurau researches
Food fish
Fish is a main source of animal protein and is
important in the diet of majority of the
population in Southeast Asia
Demand for food fish likely to increase over the
years inc pop and health attributes
7.6 9.8 3.1
15.2
0.8
70.5
Total fish food consumption (million tonnes)
Africa
North and CentralAmerica
South America
Europe
Oceania
Asia
Aquaculture
Accelerated expansion of aquaculture due to demand for food
fish and depletion of marine natural stocks
Malaysia targets aquaculture production of 727,300 tonnes
with a value of RM7 billion to be achieved by year 2015.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
2000 2001 2002 2003 2005
World fisheries and aquacultureproduction (Million Tonnes)
Capture
Aquaculture
Food Security
Fisheries play a significant role in regional food
security and at the same time contributing to our
economies and social well-being.
Food Security
Social well-being
Economies
Food fish
Malaysian Mahseer
Nomenclature
• Member of the family Cyprinidae
• Tor tambroides and Tor douronensis
• Locally known as kelah in Semenanjung, Empurau in Sarawak and Pelian in Sabah
Geographical distribution
• Widely distributed in Asia, in the Himalayan and in particular, South East Asia region
Habitat
• Range from mountainous streams and rivers, to fast flowing rivers in the plain
• Prefer clear swift flowing waters with stony, pebbly rock bottom
Habitat
ECONOMIC VALUE
Economic importance
of Tor
Outstanding game – provide recreation activity to anglers
Support natural fishery in the major riverine system
Highly esteemed food fish – fetches high
market price
Potential in aquaculture and
increased interest in aquarium trade
Problem Statement
Under threat of extinction
Overfishing (angling, sport)
Environmental degradation
(logging deforestation)
Cultured
Production does not meet market
demand
Inconsistent quality of gametes
produced
Slow growth in captivity
Objectives
To develop efficient and sustainable
breeding program for Malaysian Mahseer
To develop specialized feeds for Malaysian
Mahseer as food fish (formulations for
different phases of life cycle)
To produce 400 domesticated brood
stocks and 1 million fry by 2015
Research scope
Genetic Reproduction
Nutrition
Mitogenome
Growth rate Immunity
DNA Sex Marker Spawning, hatching &
survival rate
Herbal
medicated
feed
Egg quality Transcriptomic
Proteomic
Metabolomics
Broodstock baseline
data for reproduction
LTTASB fish
feed
formulation
Probiotic
Flesh quality and
functionality
Project Team
ABI
Egg quality traits
Probiotics
Flesh quality and
functionality
UMT
Brood stock
baseline data on
reproduction
Nutrition
UiTM
Mitogenomic
study
Establishment of
genomic data
FRI
DNA Sexing
Herbal
medicated feed
LTTASB
Growth related
nutrition
Spawning,
hatching and
survival
Resource
Centre: DOF (Sabah), PPA
Perlok & IFRPC,
Tarat
Production of
fingerling
Technology transfer
3 Hatcheries Facilities established
Basic biological/ecological info determined
Genomic database of Malaysian Mahseer developed
Feeding protocols and formulations established
Flesh quality and functionalities verified
Malaysian Mahseer Reference Centres established
Rapid detection kit for sexing of Malaysian Mahseer developed
Broodstock management system established
Effective population size in breeding program increased to Ne = 400
2013
2014
2015 2013 – 2015
Key Milestones
ABI (Egg quality)
Biomarkers discovery for Egg Quality Related
Trait in Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)
Objectives:
◦ To identify and discover gene associated with egg quality
in Malaysian Mahseer (Tor tambroides)
◦ To establish biomarkers for egg quality in Malaysian
Mahseer (Tor tambroides)
ABI (Probiotics) Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from Tor
tambroides and their Potential Use as
Probiotics
Objectives:
◦ To isolate and identify bacteria from Tor
tambroides
◦ To evaluate the safety of bacteria isolated
◦ To develop feed with probiotics for Tor
tambroides
◦ To evaluate viability of probiotics in feed
ABI (Flesh quality & functionality)
Quality and Functionality of Wild and
Captive Mahseer flesh
Objective:
◦ To determine the quality and functionality of wild
and captive mahseer flesh including
immunomodulatory, ACE inhibitory,antioxidant
etc
UMT
Tor tambroides broodstock maturation and
breeding performance through dietary approach
Objectives:
◦ To establish baseline data for Tor tambroides broodstock
conditioning
◦ To produce high quality Tor tambroides broodstock under
captive condition through dietary enhancement
◦ To develop protocols for Tor tambroides broodstock
development, maturation and breeding performance
UiTM Genome-Wide Genetic Marker Discovery And
Genotyping Of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor Spp.)
Objectives:
◦ To sequence whole genome of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.)
using Next Generation Sequencing Technology
◦ To provide an accession id for mitochondrial genome of
Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) in gene bank database
◦ To develop DNA barcoding marker and furnish data in BOLD
system
◦ To study genetic variability of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor spp.) for
population study using microsattelite and new biomarker
FRI (DNA Sexing) Gender Determination of Malaysian Mahseer (Tor
spp.) Using DNA Markers And DNA Biosensor
Technology
Objectives:
◦ To establish a rapid DNA isolation method from Malaysian
Mahseer
◦ To identify gender specific DNA markers in Malaysian
Mahseer
◦ To develop portable DNA based electrochemical
biosensors/test kits for rapid identification of gender of
Malaysian Mahseer
FRI (Herbal medicated feed)
Alternative medication using local herb as feed
additive for Malaysian Mahseer
Objectives:
◦ To determine the effect of alternative herb-based extracts
as feed additive to enhance growth and immunity against
diseases
◦ To determine the optimal application regime using
alternative herb-based medication feed
LTTASB Production enhancement and improved
technology for Empurau aquaculture for the high
value/luxury end of the table fish market
Objectives:
◦ Growth optimization of RAS-farmed grow-outs fed
LTTASB’s proprietary fish feed formulation and effect of
supplementation with growth hormone.
◦ To improve the rates of spawning, egg hatching and
fingerling survival
Output No. Output Organizations involved Date completed
1. Basic biological/ecological
information
UMT & LTT 31/12/13
2. Flesh quality and functionalities
determined
ABI 31/12/13
3. Nutrient requirements and feeding
protocols (including local
ingredients, immunity against
diseases) for larvae, grow-out and
broodstock established.
FRI, UMT, LTT & ABI 30/06/14
4. Genomic database established and
marker assisted selection
determined.
UiTM & ABI 31/12/14
5. Rapid detection kit for sexing of
Malaysian Mahseer
FRI 31/12/15
6. Broodstock management system
established
LTT & Resource
Centre
30/06/15
7. 1 million fry successfully produced.
Resource Centre 30/09/15
Resource Centre
Development of brood stock:
◦ IFRPC : 200 brood stocks
◦ PPA Perlok : 100 brood stocks
◦ LTTASB : 100 brood stocks
Production of fingerling:
◦ IFRPC : 500,000 tails
◦ LTTASB : 300,000 tails
◦ PPA Perlok : 150,000 tails
◦ DOF Sabah : 50,000 tails
Thank youor the
attention
Thank you for the attention