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Presentation Slides of ILO

The Inter-Sectoral Consultation on the Development of a Plan of Action for the Implementation of the ASEAN Declaration on Strengthening Social Protection

8-9 December 2014, Siem Reap, Cambodia

Extension of Social Protection in ASEAN

Celine Peyron Bista ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific

Siem Reap, 8 December 2014

Key questions

• Social protection, what is important to know • Challenges for the extension of social protection in

ASEAN • How to make social protection a reality for all?

The right to social security and

The social protection floor

Social protection is a human right • Social security is a human right (Article

22 Universal declaration of human rights)

• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), 160 UN Member States … « recognize the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance » (Article 9)

• Right to health, WHO’s Constitution • Tripartite constituents: Convention 102,

1952 and Recommendation 202, 2012 reaffirm the universal right to social security

Death of the breadwinner

Social protection is …

Life cycle Old age

Work injury Maternity Unemployment

Invalidity Families with children

Sickness / ill health Medical care

… the protection/support that everyone needs at different moments of his/her life

Social protection is …

To compensate for the loss of income & covers health care expenditures

To facilitate access to social services and fulfill basic needs

FINANCIAL SUPPORT ACCESS TO SERVICES

… the protection provided by the society and for each member of the society:

SOCIAL TRANSFERS

Social protection is….

Nationally defined SPF

… at least a minimum guarantee;

Population Poor Rest of informal sector Formal sector

Level of protection

and then progressive extension to higher levels of social security

Social Protection is also an investment Child sensitive social protection invests in • Human resources

– The first 1,000 days in life when the brain develops – Child, adolescent and adult health – School attendance and learning outcomes – Protection from negative coping strategies

• Social cohesion, stability and risk management – Equity, dignity and social justice – Work and childcare dichotomy – Rural and urban development – Macroeconomic and environmental hazards

• Strong institutions and systems

Social Protection can only be successful if …

… it builds on: • Social solidarity • Equity and universality • State’s responsibility • Creating employment opportunities • Social dialogue

Challenges for Extending Social

Protection in ASEAN

ASEAN Economic Integration by 2015

AEC may exacerbate inequalities, importance of social protection to facilitate the ASEAN Economic Integration, 2015

• GDP growth in the ASEAN economy: 7%; and possibly create 14 million additional jobs

• Changing economies, higher productivity and new jobs, but not for all

Persistent informal economy and vulnerable employment

• Social insurance (contributory schemes), limited coverage (old-age pensioners covered: from 0 to 28% contributors)

• Social protection for vulnerable groups still insufficient (informal, rural and own-account workers) (almost 60% of working population)

Innovative measures with close link between social protection and employment promotion (public employment programme, apprenticeships, among others)

Natural disasters and climate change

• temperature increases in Asia-Pacific: 0.5–2°C by 2030 and 1–7°C by 2070 with > 2°C to have catastrophic climate effects

UNICEF’s report on Children, disaster and climate risks Linking cash support with public employment programme

• Lack of coordination of interventions and resources

• Children are more vulnerable physiologically and metabolically

Geophysical factors + High Population Density + Poverty + Poor Infrastructure

Most vulnerable region to natural hazards (human mortality, physical destruction, economic loss)

Rural development, nutrition and inclusive growth

• Access to food • Access to essential services and social

protection in rural and remote areas • Still low rural labour productivity

FAO’s Programme “Protection to Production” Local development through social protection Single window services Education and training, counselling for entrepreneurship

• Women and girls are more subject to domestic violence

• Women are often left behind responsible for care of children and older persons due to migration of husbands

• Women tend to be more represented in vulnerable employments

• Women face greater income insecurity at old-age (lower access to contributory pension)

Protection of women

Need for gender-sensitive social protection

Indonesia; 0.7 to 2.4% GDP by 2020

Thailand; 0.5 – 1.2% GDP by 2020

Financial resources and fiscal space • Lack of coordination among line-

ministries • Resources not efficiently

allocated • Institutional capacity still low • Need for more effective social

dialogue mechanisms

A social protection floor is affordable

How to make the social protection

floor a reality in ASEAN?

Making SPF a reality: the ABND

• ABND identifies the existing situation and gaps in the social protection system

• It develops recommendations for achieving the SPF

• It provides the country with a monitoring framework for measuring the extension of social protection

How do we achieve the SPF and make it a reality for the whole population of a country?

Assessment based national dialogue in ASEAN

Under consideration

on-going

completed