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Outlook to the Ecuadorian
shrimp industry
Yahira Piedrahita
July 31st , 2019
RIDLEY Australian Prawn Farmers
Association Symposium 2019
Presentation outline
• Global context of shrimp production
• Ecuadorian shrimp industry in numbers
• What is Ecuador doing?
• Where is Ecuador going ?
Source: www.trademap.orgITC based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Tariff item 030617
148,658229,073
284,988 324,340384,806
464,272
394,191 245,280
262,354305,439
358,353321,178
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
900,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Shrimp exports LA region 2013-2018contribution of Ecuador
Ecuador Rest of LA
Exporter
country 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Ecuador 148,658 229,073 284,988 324,340 384,806 464,272
Argentina 91,258 107,476 120,786 159,889 183,280 185,440
México 17,014 18,171 28,703 27,097 35,884 32,661
Perú 13,651 15,932 18,697 18,497 25,503 28,844
Nicaragua 25,648 28,989 24,996 19,726 22,212 25,770
Honduras 233,056 52,398 48,857 56,066 60,914 24,093
Venezuela 0 9,135 8,256 13,180 15,624 15,403
Colombia 2,709 2,256 2,428 3,048 4,031 4,942
Guatemala 10,676 10,835 9,579 7,910 10,822 3,999
El Salvador 179 88 52 26 83 26
TOTAL 542,849 474,353 547,342 629,779 743,159 785,450
Source: www.trademap.orgITC based on UN COMTRADE statistics. Tariff item 030617
Ecuador represented around 20% of world shrimp exports in 2018.
Exporter
Region
EcuadorLatin
America
2013 148658 542849 27.38
2014 229073 474353 48.29
2015 284988 547342 52.07
2016 324340 629779 51.50
2017 384806 743159 51.78
2018 464272 785450 59.11
YearContribution
of Ecuador
(%)
About Ecuador
• Shrimp ponds are located in five coastal provinces: Guayas (60%), El Oro (20%), Manabí (9%),Esmeraldas (9%), Santa Elena (2%).
• Second largest exported product, after oil.
Ecuadorian shrimp in numbers -2018
115,000Direct and indirect jobs
related to farm and processing
220,000
Hectares for shrimp farming
3,234*
USD millionsexported
261,000
Direct and indirect jobsrelated to the industry
506,000 *
MT exported in 2018
2nd.
World shrimp exporter
* Central Bank of Ecuador report
The opening of the Chinese market has significantly stimulated the export of whole shrimp from Ecuador, because:
1. Increases export volume (33% more exported in pounds that do not fall off).
2. The export of whole shrimp implies more foreign exchange when exporting more volume
3. Improves profitability for the industry (better prices for the producer, greater productivity in shrimp and plants).
50%
Sales by product type
FEED MILLS (18)
BROODSTOCKMATURATION
(20)
HATCHERIES(200)
FARMS(3800)
PROCESSING PLANTS(46 EU)
~80 total
SUPPLIERS (additives, veterinary products, transportation, security, etc.)
MARKET
Shrimp production chain in Ecuador
TSV 1994
Seagull syndrome 1989
WSSV 1999
El Niño 82-83
El Niño 87-88
El Niño 92-93
El Niño 97-98
Year Increase %
2001 14.24
2002 3.14
2003 18.71
2004 20.01
2005 25.46
2006 19.59
2007 3.21
2008 7.33
2009 1.54
2010 7.13
2011 17.87
2012 12.75
2013 5.15
2014 22.39
2015 15.17
2016 9.95
2017 14.78
2018 15.84
Evolution of Ecuadorian shrimp culture conditions
Adapted from Piedrahita, Arcentales and Velasco (2007)
Period 1970-1980 1981-1992
before TSV outbreak
1993-2002
between TSV and
WSSV
2002-2006
WSSV Recovering2006- present
Stocked
speciesP. vannamei
P. vanname i
(wild/hatcheries source),
P. stilyrostris (hatcheries)
P. vannamei
(wild/hatcheries, imported
SPF )
P. vannamei
(wild/hatcheries/genetic
programs), tilapia
P. vannamei (only from
local genetic improvement
programs)
Stocking
densities
(ind/m2)
2-5
Direct
5-15
Direct
10-30
Direct, nurseries
6-12
Direct, nurseries
10-25
Raceways, nurseries
(2-3 phases)
Feed/ feeding
management
Natural primary
production
Natural primary
production and
formulated feed/ direct
Formulated feed (direct, 2
times/day
Formulated feed (feed
trays, 2-5 times/day
Functional feeds, automatic
feeders, probiotics…
Health controls NoneProtozoans, bacteria
(microscopic cheks)
Protozoans, bacteria, virus
(microscopy, agar culture)
Protozoans, bacteria, virus
(microscopy, agar culture,
PCR). Use of probiotics
Protozoans, bacteria, virus
(microscopy agar culture,
PCR). Use of probiotics
Biosecurity None None
Water fitration,
desinfection, seed analysis,
vectors control
Water fitration,
desinfection, seed analysis,
vectors control
Water fitration,
desinfection, seed analysis,
vectors
control…recirculation Average size
new ponds (ha.)15-30 10-15 5-10 5-11 1-5
Ecuadorian Shrimp Industry operates a production model that seeks sustainablegrowth without a significant yearly increasing since 1999 (1.4%).
SURFACE* 1969 1984 1987 1991 1995 1999 2006 2015*
Mangroves 202.201 182.157 175.157 162.186 146.938 149.556 148.230 148.230
Shrimp farms
300 89.368 117.728 145.998 178.071 175.253 175.748 213,032
Salt marshes 52.938 20.022 12.273 6.320 5.109 4.531 3.705 3.705
Source: CLIRSEN
*in hectares
Use of land for shrimp farming
66.3% of all shrimp ponds are located in private land and 33.7% in intertidal territories.
36%
MANGROVES
DRY SCRUBLANDS
AGRICULTURE LAND
Shrimp Farms in Highland
66.3%
Shrimp Farms in
beach and bay areas
SALT MARSHES
HIGESHT TIED
LEVEL
EDGE EFFECT
Production Efficiency
Lower risk of
diseases
Environmental friendly
production
Low density open systems
Ecuadorian shrimp is produced withprobiotic elements, which do not affectthe product, the environment or people.Since 2005 no alerts for the presence ofantibiotics or controlled substances inEcuadorian shrimp have been reported.
18
54
.9
54
.8
60
.7
57
.7
55
.0
51
.6
57
.2
56
.2
50
.5 58
.6
59
.7
54
.7
54
.8
56
.1
Survival rates 2018-2019
Source: Marita Monserrate, MSc.Skretting Ecuador Information presented at Aquaexpo Manabí 2019 conference
Shrimp farms status: survival
Two thirds of the shrimp production area are located in upland territory, i.e.
private lands not suitable for agriculture, meaning no mangrove
areas are affected
One third of the shrimp productionareas correspond to beach and bay, i.e.near mangrove areas, which areconcessioned by the state to producerswho have settled mostly on saltmarshes / salt flats.
81% of shrimp farmers located in inter-tidal lands are medium and smallproducers, with extensions less than 50hectares.
Nowadays , shrimp sector is the essential actor that reforests mangrove in Ecuador society.
• PNC is the regulation that describes the protocols appliedby the governmente to do health checks on fishery andaquaculture products. The main objective is to providegovernment guarantees regarding to harmlessness of theproducts that are required by importing countries.
• The Undersecretary of Quality and Food Safety (SCI) isthe Competent Authority in Ecuador on health andsanitary issues for the fisheries and aquaculture sector.
Public information
Establisments list
http://www.acuaculturaypesca.gob.ec/lista-de-establecimientos-internos-y-externos-aprobados
The information of the approved establishments in the internal list is available to the public.
Purchases of nauplii, post larvae, food, inputs, harvested shrimp and other inputs must come only from listed establishments (traceability regulation).
Shrimp Industry sustains 261,000 jobs in Ecuador
Total effect on employment
33%
Effect on Aquaculture
30%
Effect on other
suppliers
20%
Effect on shrimp
processing industry
17%
Indirect Effect
90% of production area has state or private certification of good aquaculturepractices, accredited to the European Union standards.
Certifications of private agencies in Ecuadorian shrimp industry:
Communication strategy
Similar concepts
www.thebestshrimpintheworld.com
Sustainable Shrimp Partnership (SSP) is formed by a group of leading companies in the
Ecuadorian shrimp sector; which, with the support of Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) and
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) are committed to creating a sustainable future for aquaculture,
producing shrimp of premium quality, complying with the highest social and environmental standards,
free of antibiotics and in a completely traceable way.
The main SSP objectives are:
Produce a healthy, nutritious and pure shrimp in a sustainable manner.
Promote the continuous improvement of shrimp production practices at a social and
environmental level.
Create differentiation in international markets, making the public aware of the best
practices of shrimp production and its attributes.
Complying ASC standard + 3
additional criterions: zero
antibiotics, traceability, no
negative impact on water.
Shape the future of
aquaculture with support from
NGO’s, and build position of
Ecuador as global leader in
aquaculture sustainability.
Work with small and mid sized
farms to help them improve
practices and work up to
achieving SSP standards,
encourage better practices in
the aquaculture industry.
Increase awareness and build
reputation in the market place
for SSP shrimp.
• Technification: Genetic improvement programs, use ofaerators and automatic feeders. Investment in R&D&Ion shrimp nutrition and water/soil quality.
• Environmental sustainability: change of energy sourceand efficiency.
• National and international promotional campaigns.Participation in seafood shows and trades.
• Specific certification with the highest standard.
The industry challenge:
Sustained and sustainable growth
1. Improving productivity, but controlling production costs. How much does it cost to
produce one pound of shrimp? How much should it cost to talk about a sustainable
business?
2. Exit the "Commodity" market. The world shrimp market does not have tools for an
informed purchasing decision.
3. Diseases prevention and control
