N. K. SANDARS

PREHISTORIC ART IN

PUBLISHED BY PENGUIN BOOKS

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES IX

LIST OF PLATES XV

FOREWORD XXVli

MAPS xxxiii

TABLES xli

1. THE BEGINNING I

The First Sculpture (30,000-15,000) 8

The First Drawings (23,000-15,000) 16

The Beginning of Relief (23,000-15,000) 19

Divine Image and Magic Drum 22

2. UPPER PALAEOLITHIC ART: 1 5 , 0 0 0 - 8 0 0 0 32

Sculpture and Modelling 37Magdalenian Relief 40Line - Shading - Pattern 44Colour - Perspective - Illusion 48Animals Dead and Alive 56Situation and Subject: Canvas and Composition 59'The Splendour of Forms Yet to Come' 65

3. MESOLITHIC ART: 8 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 75

Northern Europe 78Southern Europe 83Beyond Europe 98

4. NEOLITHIC ART IN EASTERN EUROPE: 5OOO-2OOO IOO

The Background 100A Modeller's Art: The Human Figure 105A Modeller's Art: Other Subjects 115The Potter's Art: Skeuomorph and Spiral 120The Potter 130

5. FROM THE MEDITERRANEAN TO THE BALTIC: 4 0 0 O - 2 0 0 0 132

Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, and Iberia 132The Atlantic West 142From the Caucasus to the Baltic 150Gods and Emblems 152

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CONTENTS

6. BRONZE AGE ART: 2000-1200 157

Metals 157The Background 166Bronze Age Potters of Eastern Europe 170Metallurgical Schools 177The Riches of the North 182Stonehenge and Irish Gold 187

7. FERMENT AND NEW BEGINNINGS: I2OO-5OO IO.2

The Northern Arts 194'Razor Style' and the Tableau in the Boat 196The Carved Rocks 199Cast Bronze Figures 204Iron and Orientalizing 208Hallstatt Geometric 213Sea-Roads West 216

8. CONTINENTAL ART IN THE LAST CENTURIES B.C. 226

The Roots 227La Tene Art: The Early Style 234The Waldalgesheim Style 238The Plastic Style 240The Sword Style 244Monumental La Tene Art 246The Rynkeby and Gundestrup Cauldrons 252Pots 257

9. INSULAR LA TENE AND THE PROBLEM OF LA TENE ART 258A Footnote to Insular La Tene Art and Invasions 273Triskele 275

10. POSTSCRIPT 285

LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS 297

NOTES 299

BIBLIOGRAPHY 329

The Plates

INDEX 335

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