ppt gangguan kardiovaskuler

8/20/2019 ppt gangguan kardiovaskuler

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GANGGUAN SISTE

KARDIOVASKULE

NAMA KELOMPOK :

ABDUL QADIR (010215A001)AFIFAH DYAH W.P (010215A00)

I PUTU PRADANA ANDI WIGUNA (010215A00)

LUTHFI INDRIYASWARI (010215A0!)


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STRUKTUR

DAN

FUNGSI

KARDIOVASKULER


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STRUKTUR KARDIOVASKUL

• P"#$%'$ *&+, "-$/$ &+/+, /"#'$#$ '

-&$&+ : -&$&+ '&-& ("#$%'$ $"#&-$

-&$&+ - ("#$%'$ $"/&-$).


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1. L&$&+ 3&+/+,

•. L&$&+ - ("$4'$) /"#+ '$ -&$&+ "-6"- "*&+, 8"#&'& '$&/& $+,&+ $4&/.

•. L&$&+ /"+,&9 ($74'$) /"#'$#$ '$ $+,&+ 7/7/ &+/8"#47+/#&4$ +/4 "7& '&9. K7+/#&4$ $74'$"+"4&+ '&9 4"- #&+, "+ /"#$ 8"

•. L&$&+ '&-& ("+'74'$) /"#+ '$ -&$&+ "+'7/9*&+, "-&$$ "8-9 '&9 *&+, &4 &+ "+,$

&+/+,.


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2. R&+, 3&+/+,

&. A/#$ 4&+&+

A/#$ 4&+&+ *&+, 8"'$+'$+, /$$ $+$ 8"#+,$ "8&,&$ /"

"+*$&+&+ '&9 '&+ "8&,&$ "+*&-# '&9 '$ "+&

$#4-&$ $/"$4 *&+, "+,&-$# 4" "+/#$4"- 4&+&+.

8. A/#$ 4$#$

A/#$ 4$#$ "+"#$& '&9 /"#74$,"+&$ '$ 6 4""&/ "+& -7+&-$.

STRUKTUR KARDIOVASKU


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%. V"+/#$4"- 4&+&+

V"+/#$4"- 4&+&+ 8"#8"+/4 8-&+ &8$/ *&+, +$4 ,+&"+,9&$-4&+ 47+/#&4$ 8"/"4&+&+ #"+'&9 *&+, %4 +/

"+,&-$#4&+ '&9 4" '&-& /"#$& -7+&-$

'. V"+/#$4"- 4$#$

V"+/#$4"- 4$#$ 9 "+,9&$-4&+ /"4&+&+ *&+, %4 /$+,,

"+,&/&$ /&9&+&+ $#4-&$ $/"$4 '&+ ""#/&9&+4&+'&9 4" $+,&+ "#$"#. V"+/#$4"- 4$#$ "+*&$ 7/7/67/7

/"8&- '"+,&+ 8"+/4 8"+/4 *&+, "+*"#&$ -$+,4&+ "

""#'&9 "8"+/4&+ /"4&+&+ /$+,,$ "-&& "+/#$8"#47+/#&4$.



7/39

. K&/ 3&+/+,

&. K&/ &/#$7"+/#$4-$

D&+6'&+ 4&/ &/#$7"+/#$4-$ 9&- /"/&$ /&9&+ -&&. K&/#$4$'&-$ *&+, /"#-"/&4 &+/& &+/#$ '&+ "+/#$4"- 4&+&+"+*&$ /$,& 8&9 '&+ 4&/. K&/ $/#&-$ *&+, "$&

&/#$ '&+ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ "#&4&+ 4&/ 8$4$'&-$ '"+,&+'&+ 4&/.

8. K&/ "$+-$

K"'& 4&/ "$+-$ && 8"+/4+*&. K&/ $+$ /"#'$#$ '$

$"/#$ *&+, "+*"#&$ %7#7+, *&+, /"#/&8&/ 4&/ &'& &++;8#7. K&/ &7#/& /"#-"/&4 &+/& "+/$4"- 4$#$ '&+ &7#/&< "'&4&/ -7+&-$ /"#-"/&4 &+/& "+/#$4"- 4&+&+ '&+ /"#$&



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=. S$/" K7+'4$

A+- ;8#7 '$&+/& &/#$ '&+ "+/#$4"- "$&94&+ ##&+,&+ "%& &+&/7$ &+ "-"4/#$. U+/4 "&/$4&

#&+,&+,&+ #$/$4 '&+ $+4#7+ "#/& 47+/#&4$ 7/7/ &+/+, /"

&-# 47+'4$ 49 '&-& $74'$. 3$+,&+ 47+'4$ "$-$4$ $&/0$&/ "8&,&$ 8"#$4/ :

&. O/7&/$&$ 4"&&+ +/4 "+$8-4&+ $- "%7+/&+

8. R$/$&$ "8&+,4$/&+ $- *&+, /"#&/#

%. K7+'4/$$/& 4"&&+ "+,9&+/&+ $-

'. D&*& #&+,&+, 4"&&+ 8"#"7+ /"#9&'& /$-&



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5. S$#4-&$ S$/"$4

&. A#/"#$& '$+'$+, &7#/& '&+ /"#$& 8" "+,&+'+, 8&+ $+,&+ "-&/$% '&+ "8&,$&+ 7/7/ 7-7. V"+/#$4"- 4$#$ "

'&9 &4 4"'&-& &7#/& '"+,&+ /"4&+&+ /$+,,$. D7#7

'&9 "%& "+'&'&4 $+$ "#",&+, '$+'$+, /"#$& *&+/"#"8/< &'& &&/ "+/#$4"- 8"#$/$#&9&/ &4& '$+'$+, *

"-&/$% /"#"8/ 4"8&-$ &'& 4"&'&&+ "-& '&+ "7'&9 4" '"&+< 4" "-#9 */" $#4-&$.

8. A#/"#$7-& '$+'$+, "8-9 '&9 /"#$7-& /"#/&& /"'

7/7/ 7-7 '"+,&+ "'$4$/ "#&8/ "-&/$%. D$+'$+, 7/7/ &+,&/ "4& '&+ '&&/ 8"'$-&/&$ &/& 8"#47+/#&4$.



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%. K&$-"# "8-9 4&$-"# "$-$4$ '$+'$+, /$$ *&+, /"#'$#&/ -&$ "- "+'7/"-. N/#$$ '&+ "/&87-$/ 8"#'$$ '$ '8"#47+"+/#&$ /$+,,$ "+ '&"#&9 8"#47+"+/#&$ #"+'&

"8#&+" *&+, /$$ '&+ "$"#$&8"- $+$. D"+,&+ '"$

74$,"+ '&+ +/#$$ &4&+ "+$+,,&-4&+ "8-9 '&9 '&4"'&-& #&+, $+/"#/$$&- '&+ "-.

'. V"+-& 8"#+,$ "8&,&$ &-#&+ "+,- *&+, /"#'$#$ '"- "+'7/"- '&+ $+,&+ ;8#7&.



11/39

". V"+& "#&4&+ &-#&+ *&+, 8"#'$+'$+, *&+, #"-&/$" /$$8"#+,$ "+*&-#4&+ '&9 '&$# $+,&+ 4&$-"# "-&-$ *"+&< &4 4" &/#$ 4&+&+. A-$#&+ "+& 4" &+/+, 9&+*&

4"+& 4&/64&/+*& /"#-"/&4 /#&/",$ '$'&-& "+&. V"+&

"#&4&+ "8-9 &'& $#4-&$ $/"$4 *&+, &-$+, '&"#",&+,. V"+747+/#$4$ '&&/ "+#+4&+ 4&&$/& $+,

"&4& '&9 8"#,"#&4 & "+&+/+, ""#-+*&.

P"#,"#&4&+ '&9 "+ &+/+, $"+,9$ 7-"9 47#"7-"9 7/7/ #&+,4& '&+ "#8&9&+ /"4&+&+ #7+,,& '&'& '&+

"-&& "#+&&&+.



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!. S$#4-&$ K7#7+"#

•. E;"+$ &+/+, "8&,&$ 7& 8"#,&+/+, &'& +/#$$ '74$,"+&$ 7/7/ &+/+, "-&-$ $#4-&$ 47#7+"#. S$#4-&$

"-$/$ "-#9 "#4&&+ "$4'$ &+/+,< "8&>

74$,"+ '&+ +/#$$ 4" $74'$ "-&-$ %&8&+,6%&8&+,$+/#&$74'$&- *&+, 4"%$-64"%$-.



13/39

?. S$#4-&$ L$&/$4

3$+,&+ 4"$-"# ,"/&9 8"+$+, '&-& #&+, $+/"#/$$&- "+,%&$#&+ 8"#-"8$9&+ '&+ #7/"$+ *&+, '$$+, (;-/#&$) "-&-$

$/"$4. F$-/#&/" 4&$-"# $+$ 4"'$&+ '$4"8&-$4&+ 4" $#4-&

$/"$4 "-&-$ "8-9 "+,- *&+, /"#-"/&4 '"4&/ 8"#&+,4/&+. G"/&9 8"+$+, '$&-$#4&+ 4" &/& "-&-$ 4&/

'$ ,&8+,&+ '& "+,9 '$+&$ : '&*& /"4&+ "4/"#+&-'&+ '"+*/ /"#$& "#/& "#$/&-/$% $+/#$+$%.



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@. S$#4-&$ P

P"8-9 '&9 "+*&$ '$+'$+, *&+, -"8$9 /$$ '""'$4$/ 7/7/ 7-7 '$8&+'$+,4&/ '"+,&+ "8-9 '&9 $/"

O-"9 4"+& $/ $#4-&$ -"8$9 '&9 /"#",&+, '&+ #"$

/"#9&'& &-$#&+ '&9 -"8$9 4"%$-. B"+*& /"4&+&+ '&-& $ 4$#&64$#&""#-$& /"4&+&+ '&-& $#4-&$ $/"$4.



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FUNGSI KARDIOVASKUL

1. S$4- 3&+/+,

S"/$& $4- &+/+, /"#'$#$ '$ #/&+ "#$/$>& -$/#$4 '&+ "*&+, &-$+, /"#4&$/. G"-78&+, #&+,&+,&+ -$/#$4 /"#"8 '&SA "-&-$ */" 47+'4$ "+ $74'$ +/4 "#&+47+/#&4$ 7/7/. R&+,&+,&+ -$/#$4 $+$ '$"8/ "8&,&$ '"7-$'$$4/$ "-$9&+ -$/#$4 4"8&-$ *&+, '$"8/ #"7-$&$. R""4&+$4+*& &'&-&9 $/7-$4 (47+/#&4$ 7/7/) '&+ '$&/7-$4 (#"-&4

2. #&9 3&+/+,

•. B"8&+ &>&-< K7+/#&4/$-$/&< B"8&+ &49$< F#"4"+$ &+/+,


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KONSEP

GANGGUANKARDIOVASKULER


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ISKEMIAK"8/9&+ 74$,"+ *&+, "-"8$9$ 4&&$/& -&$ 74$,"+ 7-"9"8-9 '&9 *&+, "+,&-&$ ,&+,&+ "+*"8&84&+ /"#&'iskemia miokardium -7%&-.

B"#4#&+,+*& 4&' 74$,"+ "+'7#7+, $74'$ +/4 "+

"/&87-$" &"#78 "+&'$ &+&"#78. S"9$+,,& "8"+/4&+ 7"+#+< '&+ '$ ,&+/$4&+ 7-"9 9&$- '$ "/&87-$" &+&"#78 *

&& -&4/&/ &4&+ "+$8+ "9$+,,& "+#+4&+ H "-.


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&. I4"$& $74'$ (&+,$+& #$+"/&-)

D$"#/&$ 7-"9 '& "#8&9&+ &'& EKG &4$8&/ "#&9&+ "-"4/#7;*&$/ ,"-78&+, T /"#8&-$4 '&+ '"#"$ ",&+ ST.

8. A+,$+& P"4/7#$

N*"#$ '&'& *&+, "+*"#/&$ I4"$& $74'$< "+*"8&8+*&8"#4#&+,+*& &-$#&+ '&9 47#7+"#< "+*"8&84&+ -&$ '&9 4

/$'&4 &'"4&/.%. I+

A'&-&9 $4"$& *&+, 8"#-&+,+, -"8$9 '$ 06=0 "+$/ &4&+"+*"8&84&+ 4"#&4&+ "- $##""#$8-" "#/& +"4#7$ &/& 4"B&,$&+ *&+, /"-&9 "+,&-&$ $+ &/& +"4#7$ 8"#9"+/$ 8"#47

ISKEMIA


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PENYAKIT KATUP 3ANTUN

K&/ &+/+, *&+, /"#"#&+, penyakit katup jantung $+$ "+$4"-&$+&+ C ,&+,,&+ *&+, 8"#& :

&. I+;$"+$ C R",#,$/&$ K&/. D&+ 4&/ /$'&4 '&&/ "+

'"+,&+ #&&/ "9$+,,& '&9 '&&/ "+,&-$# 8&-$4. R",#,$/

&+/+, "+*"8&84&+ "+$+,4&/&+ 8"8&+ 7-" '&+ '$-&/& &+/+, *&, "+"#$& '&9 8&-$4.

8. S/"+7$ K&/. L8&+, 4&/8 "+,&-&$ "+*"$/&+ "9$+&-$#&+ '&9 "+,&-&$ 9&8&/&+. S/"+7$ 4&/ &+/+,

"+$+,4&/4&+ &/"#-7&' '&+ "+*"8&84&+ 9$"#/#7$ &'& &

'&+ "+/#$4"- 4"+& "7& '&9 "-&>&+ "+$+,4&/&+/"4&+&+.


20/39

1. S/"+7$ $/#&-

&. D";+$$ : S/"+7$ 4&/ $/#&-$ &'&-&9 "+*"$/&+ -8&&+/& &/#$ 4$#$ '&+ "+/#$4"- 4$#$.

8. E/$7-7,$ : S/"+7$ 4&/ $/#&-$ 8$&&+*& '$"8&84&+ 7-""8"+/4&+ $+,&+ / "/"-&9 '"& #"&/$4 &/&

&+/+, -&$++*&.



21/39


22/39

P&'& /&9& "-&+/+*& /"4&+&+ /"#$ -7+&- &4&+ "+$+,4"'$&+ /"#&'$ "-"8&+ "+/#$4"- 4&+&+ '&+ $+;$"+$ 4&/ /#$4$' &/& -7+&-. A49$#+*& "+&6"+& $/"$4 &

"+,&-&$ 8"+'+,&+ -&. B"+'+,&+ 9&/$ *&+, 8"#-&+,

&4&+ "+*"8&84&+ ,&+,,&+ +,$ 9&/$.



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2. S/"+7$ A7#/& (SA)

&. D";+$$ : S/"+7$ 4&/ &7#/& &'&-&9 "+*"$/&+ -"+'$ &+/& "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ &7#/&.

8. E/$7-7,$ : S/"+7$ '&&/ '$"8&84&+ 4"-&$+&+ 47+,"+$/&- &7#/& 8$4$' '"+,&+ -8&+, 4"%$- '&+ 4&/ &7#/& +$4*&+, 8$&&+*& "+$8-4&+ ,"&-& '$+$.



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%. P&/7;$7-7,$S/"+7$ &7#/& "+*"8&84&+ /&9&+&+ '&+ "#8"'&&+ /"4&+&+$/7-$4 &+/& "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ &7#/&.P"+$+,4&/&+ /"4&+&+ ""+,9&$-4&+ 8"8&+ /"4&+&+ *&+, 8"#-"8$9&+ &'& "+/#$4"- '$&/&$ '"+,&+ "+$+,4&/4&+ 4"/"8&-&+ '$+'$+, "+/#$4"- 4$#$ ("+/#$4"-).P"-"8&+ #&+, "+/#$4"- 4$#$ /"#&'$ &&$ 47+/#&4$74' "+#+.T"4&+&+ &49$# '$&/7-$4 "+/#$4"- 4$#$

"+$+,4&/.K7+/#&4$ &/#$ "+&8&9 7-" '&9 '$&/7-$"+/#$4"- 4$#$. H&- $+$ &4&+ "+,&4$8&/4&+ "8"&+ &/#$ A49$#+*& 8"8&+ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ *&+, /"# "+"# &4&+ "+*""-"8&+ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ "+#+4&+ 47+/#&4/$-$/& $74'$74' /$8- &4$8&/ 4#&+,+*& &-$#&+ '&9 47#7+"# 4" $749$"#/#7;.



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. I+;$"+$ K&/ A7#/& (REGURGITASI)&. D";+$$ : I+;$"+$ 4&/ &7#/& (#",#,$/&$) &'&-&9 4"

'&9 4" "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '$ &7#/& "-&& '$&/7-.

8. E/$7-7,$ : P"+*"8&8 /"#8&+*&4 &'&-&9 '"& #"&/$4 '$;-$.K"-&$+&+ 4&/ '&+ &+,4&- &7#/& ,& 8$& "+$8$+;$"+$ &7#/&.



26/39

%. P&/7;$7-7,$I+;$"+$ 4#7+$4 "+,&4$8&/4&+ "+$+,4&/&+ "%& 8"#/&9& '$ 7&49$# '$&/7-$4 "+/#$4"- 4$#$.A4$8&/ 8"8&+ 7-" $+$< &+/+, "-&44&"+*"&$&+ '"+,&+ "+,&'&4&+ "-"8&+ '$+'$+, "+/#$4"- 4$#$.#&"4+% "+/#$4"- 4$#$ ,& "+$+,4&/.K7"+&$ *&+, /"#&'$ 8"#&"+/#$4"- 4$#$ *&+, 8$& "+7#&-4&+ /"4&+&+ '$+'$+, $/7-$4.P&'& /&9&4/7# $74' #$"# &/& -"$ "4+'"# ""#/$ "+*&4$/ 47#7+"# '&&"+#+4&+ 47+/#&4/$-$/& $74' "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ "+$8-4&+ "+

7-" '$&/7-$4 &49$# "#/& "+#+&+ #&4$ ""4$.S"-&+/+*& '&&/"+$+,4&/4&+ /"4&+&+ &/#$ 4$#$ '&+ 9$"#/"+$ "+& -7+&-. P"#89"7'$+&$4 4"&'&&+ &4/ '&&/ '$8"'&4&+ '"+,&+ 4"&'&&+ 4#7+$4.K&4/ /$8- &'& &$"+ /&+& #$>&*&/ $+;$"+$ "8"-+*&.V"+/#$4"+*& %4 >&4/ +/4 8"#&'&/&$ /"#9&'& $+;$"+$ &7#/&.P"+$+"%& /$8&6/$8& '$ /"4&+&+ '$&/7-$4 &49$# "+/#$4"- 4$#$ 8$& /$8- '""'$4$/ '$-&/&$ "+/#$4"-.



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EMBRIOGENESIS

DAN

KONGENITAL


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EMBRIOGENESIS DAN KONGENI

1. K"9$'&+ $+,, "#/&&.K"&'$&+ *&+, "+7+7- &'& 4"9$'&+ $+,, "#/&& '&&&$ ? 9$ &'&-&9 7-&$< "#/$-$&$< ","+/&$< "8"+8-&/74$/ '&+ "#-&&+ $-&+/&$.

2. K"9$'&+ $++, 4"'&

P"#4"8&+,&+ /&& 4"9$'&+ $+,, 4"'&< '$ @ &

9$ &'&-&9 "+*"#+&&+ $-&+/&$< "8"+/4&+ '$48$-&$+"#< *&+, /"#'$#$ &/& "%/7'"# '&+ "+'7'"#< "#4"#7+,,& &+$7+< "+&&4&+ 4&+/7+, 4+$+, /"-# '&+ "#-#$$/$" '$ -&"+/& *&+, "'&+, 8"#4"8&+,.


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. K"9$'&+ $+,, 4"/$,& (9$ 15621).•. S*/" "7'"# "8"+/4 4'$7&4-"# &'& 9$ 15

•. B-&+ &8$/ 4'$7&4-"# 8"#4"8&+, &'& 9$ 4" 1@

•. P$& &+/+, -# &'& 9$ 20 9$

•. P"8"+/4&+ /&+ &+/+, &'& 9$ 4" 21

=. K"9$'&+ $+,, 4""&/ (9$ 4" 2262@)

•. P"+*"#+&&+ "8"+/4&+ /&+6D

•. P"#4"8&+,&+ 7#7-7,$ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ 4&+&+

•. S$#4-&$ '$-&$

•. P"+*"4&/&+ 4'$7&4-"# '$-&$

•. E7-$ &7#/& '$-&$

EMBRIOGENESIS DAN KONGEN


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5. K"9$'&+ $+,, 4"-$& (9$ 4" 265)•. S"4&/ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ 4&+&+ /"# /89 '&+ 8"#4"8&+,

•. A'& "+'"4&/&+ &7#/& 4" 7#&"+ $+/"#"+/#$4-< 4&/ $/#&- '"+/#$4"- 4$#$

•. T"#&'$ "$&9&+ &7#/& &%"+'"+ '&+ /"#$& -7+&-$ /&&

•. P"$&9&+ 4&/ $/#&- '&+ /#$4$'&- '$"#+&4&+

•. P"8"&+ "+/#$4"- 4&+&+

•. K&/ /#$4$'&- "84& 4" '&-& "+/#$4"- 4&+&+

•. A"4 "+/#$4"- "/ 4" 4$#$ "%& 97#$7+/&-

•. K&/ -7+&- 8"#,"#&4 '$ 7/"#$7# '&+ 4" 4$#$ '$ 4&/ &7#"'&+, 8"#4"8&+,



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!. K"9$'&+ $+,, 4""+& '&+ /9P"#4"8&+,&+ 4'$7&4-"# /&& &+/& 4"9$'&+ 9$ '&+ = &'&-&9 "+/&+ 47+ "4&/ ($++'$8-) '&+ "8&,$&+ "8#&+" "4&/ "+/#$4"-. S"4&/ "+/#$4"- 8$&&+*& /&+/& # @ '&+ =5 9$. P"+/&+ 7#&"+ $+/"#"+/#$4'&&/ /"#/+'& &&$ &%& -&9$#< '$4"+&- "8&,&$ "+/&7+/&+ '""4 "4&/ "+/#$4"- (/&+& 8&+/&+ 8"'&9).



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GANGGUAN

AKTIVITAS LISTR


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PENYAKIT 3ANTUNG KORON

1. P"+,"#/$&+

P"+*&4$/ 3&+/+, %7#7+"# &'&-&9 "+*&4$/ &*&+,/"#&'$ 4"+& #&4+*& '$+'$+, "8'&9 4"+& &%/7# #"$47 ""#/$ #&'$4&- 8"*&+, /"#4&+'+, '&-& #7474 &/& 7-$<

47-"/#7- /$+,$< 9$"#/"+$< '$&8"/"< 4"8$&&"#7474 '&+ "8&,&$+*&.


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2. P&/7-7,$&. A/"#74-"#7$ "8-9 47#7+"# "#&4&+ "+*"8&8 "+*

/"#$ 47#7+$& &-$+, "#$+, '$/"4&+. A/"#74-"#7$ "+"+$8+&+ -$$' '&+ $+,&+ ;8#7& '&-& /"#$ 47#7+$&"9$+,,& "%& #7,#"$ ""#"$/ -"+ "8-9 'B$-& -"+ "+*"$/ &4& #"$/"+$ /"#9&'& &-$#&+ '&9"+$+,4&/ '&+ "8&9&*&4&+ &-$&+ '&9 $74'$. B$-&

$+$ "&4$+ -&+/< &4& "+*"$/&+ -"+ &4&+ '$$4/$ ""8-9 '&9 *&+, "+,#&+,$ 4"&&+ "8-9 "-"8. D"+,&+ '"$4$&+ 4""$8&+,&+ &+/& "+*"'$&&4"8/9&+ 74$,"+ "+&'$ /$'&4 /&8$- "9$+,,& "8&9&*$74'$ *&+, /"#-"/&4 '$ "8"-&9 '$/&- '$ '&"#&9 -"$.

PENYAKIT 3ANTUNG KORON


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AORTA1. S/"+7$ &7#/&

&. P"+,"#/$&+

4"&'&&+ '$&+& /"#'&&/ 4"/$'&4&&+ 4&/ &+/+, +/4 "8'&+ "#+& "9$+,,& '&9 /$'&4 "+,&-$# "#+& '$ "+/#$4"- 4&7#/&.

8. P&/7;$7-7,$

A++- /& -8&+, &' 4&/ &7#/& "+*"$/< "+,&4$8&/4&+ 9&8

'&9 *&+, 4"- '$ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ 4" &7#/& "-&& &" $/7-$4.4"&'&"+,&4$8&/4&+ /"#&4-&$+*& '&9 &'& "+/#$4"- 4$#$ '&+ "+$+,4&*& ""4$ &'& "+/#$4"- 4$#$ &/& "+,9&$-4&+ &/"#-7&' '&-& "+*&+, 9$"#/#7;. A4$8&/ *&+, /$8- "+#+*& %#&9 &+/+,.

P"#4"8&+,&+ -"8$9 -&+/ &'&-&9 /"#&'$+*& '"47"+&$ &'& &/#$8"#-&+/ &'& 47+,"/$C"'"& '&+ 8"#4"8&+, "+&'$ ,,&- &+


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2. I+;$"+$ &7#/&&. P"+,"#/$&+

47+'$$ '$ &+& 4&/ &7#/& /$'&4 "+/ "%& ";$"+ "9"+,4$+4&+ '&9 87%7# 4"8&-$ 4" #&+, &+/+, "+/#$4

8. P&/7;$7-7,$

D&+ 4&/ &7#/& /$'&4 '&&/ "+/ '"+,&+ "#+& "-&

'$/7-$4 '&+ &++- "+,&-&$ '$-&/&$< &/& %&%&/ 8"+/4+*&$+$ "+,&4$8&/4&+ /"#&'$*& &-$#&+ #",#,$/&+ (&-$#&+ 8&-$4) '"+/#$4"- 4$#$ "-&& &" '$/7-$4.V"+/#$4"- 4$#$ "+,&-&$ 47'$-&/&$ +/4 "+$+,4&/4&+ 4"4&/&+ ""4$ *&+, -"8$9 8" '&9 '&&/ '$4#-&+ '$ "+/#$4"- 4$#$ "9$+,,& "+$8-49$"#/#7; "+/#$4"- 4$#$.

AORTA


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GAGAL 3ANTUNG1. P"+,"#/$&+

G&,&- 3&/+, &'&-&9 &/ 4"&'&&+ &/7-7;$7-7,$ 8"#& 4"-&$+& &+/+, "9$+,,& &+/+, /$'&4 & "7& '&9 +/4

4"8/9&+ "/&87-$ $+,&+ '&+ &/& 4"&&++*& &'& 4&-'$"#/&$ "+$+,,$&+ 7-" '$&/7-$4 "%& &8+7#&-.

2. P&/7;$7-7,$

S$+'#7 ,&,&- &+/+, '$"8&84&+ 7-"9 8"8"#&& 477+"+:

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GAGAL 3ANTUNG


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THANK

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