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Muhammad Proclaimsa New Faith
A brilliant and militant new civilization rises out of the Arabian desert
Triumphant return
• 630 CE: Muhammad and his “Muslim” followers enter Mecca – after their 8 year exile in
Yathrib• aka Medina
Key words
• Islam• Muslim (Moslem)• Prophet• Quran (Koran)• Mecca• Medina (Yathrib)• Pillars of Islam• Hijrah (Hegira)• Kaaba (ka’ba, etc.)• caliph
• jihad– Greater– Lesser
• Sunni• Shi’ite• Umayyad
– Damascus• Abbasid
– Baghdad • Sharia
Holy city
• Right: Mecca– as it would have
appeared around the time of his birth (below)
Mecca (cont.)
• Note the ka’aba in the background– at the center of the city
First marriage
• c. 595• Khadijah
Divine intervention
• c. 610• Muhammad and the
angel Gabriel
The Hegira
• Flight to Yathrib– 16 July 622 (Year One)
• Note that Muhammad’s head is covered….
The first Muslims
• Early followers of the Prophet pondering his words at Yathrib – aka Medina
• Muhammad gave daily recitations of the messages he believed came from Allah– which his followers
faithfully recorded
The Book of Books
• The Qur’an– 114 chapters (suras)
An intense monotheism
• Right: the Koranic script representing the one God
• “There is one God, and Muhammad is his prophet.”
Daily prayer
• Islam’s “Second Pillar”
Military leader
• The Muslim army is here seen advancing toward battle with the Meccans at Badr (624)
• Other battles– Mount Uhud– Battle of the Ditch
Jihad
• A very powerful concept
Return to Mecca
• What policies did Muhammad adopt that allowed him to gain the general support of the people of the city?– including the leading merchant
families
Dome of the Rock
• Muhammad is believed to have risen to heaven from this spot
Successors
• Muhammad and the “rightly guided caliphs”– Abu Bakr– Umar (Omar)– Uthman– Ali
• Sunni and Shi’ite
Muhammad’s Arabia
The Islamic Empire