Power Separation

7/23/2019 Power Separation

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Power Separation and

10 Gigabit Ethernet

Herbert V. Congdon II, PE


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Basic tenets of separating communication

cables from power cables

Gigabit Ethernet

,

noise on 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks

w w


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Safety

Article 800.52 of ANSI/NFPA 70 (now inarticle 800.133)

Separation from power conductors

Separation and barriers within raceways Separation within outlet boxes or compartments


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Electromagnetic Noise

TIA Documents (ANSI/TIA-568C.2, J-STD-607-A, etc.)

Balance performance requirements

Alien crosstalk Grounding and bonding

Noise reduction


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Electromagnetic Noise Mitigation (Power)

Separation to minimize inductive coupling intotelecommunications cabling

Cable installed close to a grounded metallic

surface to limit inductive noise coupling Surge protectors in branch circuits to limit the

propagation of electrical surges

Fully enclosed, grounded metallic raceway orgrounded conduit


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Electromagnetic Noise Mitigation (Cabling)

Pair Twist Minimizes crosstalk

Shield

Minimizes noise to boost signal-to-noise ratio

Separation

Noise weakens with square of distance


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Power Separation:

1000BASE-T

Figure 25 from TIA-569-B, Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces


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Power Separation:

1000BASE-T

- - ,

Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces


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Power Separation:

1000BASE-T a 500V EFT burst pattern

25) is the threshold voltagelevel for the onset of errors

conditions:

90 meter link length between-

switch ports;

Zero separation;

Category 5e cabling

- - ,

Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces


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New Considerations for Cabling

Media and 10 Gigabit Ethernet


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10GBASE-T

Distances are limited due to greater influenceof electromagnetic interference

Table 55-12 from IEEE 802.3an,Amendment 1: Physical Layer and Management Parameters for 10 Gb/s

Operation, Type 10GBASE-T


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100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T 10GBASE-T100BASE-TX 1000BASE-T 10GBASE-T+ m+ m

0 V

1mV

noise

40mV

0 V

1mV

noise

40mV

- 260mV

MLT-3 PAM 5 DSQ128

- 260mV

MLT-3 PAM 5 DSQ128


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Radiated Noise Comparison

--- 10GBASE-T FCC Class B Limit

--- 1000BASE-T


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10GBASE-T is more sensitive to noise

Protocol (DSQ128) has a very low signal level The environment is filled with noise sources

Mobile phones, radar stations, WLAN, CT, MRI,radio

-frequency noise

-

The system is self-disturbing


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10 Gb/s Ethernet requires improved Alien

Crosstalk performance mitigate self-disturbing cable-to-cable noiseun er cer a n con ons

Alien crosstalk testing based on worst - -(6-around-1)

to try and meet these alien crosstalkperformance requirements for their products


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Third

Measurement set up for mixed up

testingconducted1. Sample mixed up bundled cable

ACat6 UTP (manufacturer B)ACat6 UTP (manufacturer A)

a manu ac urer

100m1m

polyester tape (spiral bundling)

Y-termination PWB

1m

3

ACAT6 UTP (manufacturerB)

ACAT6 UTP (manufacturer A)

ACAT6 UTP (manufacturer C)

polyester tape (spiral bundling)

Hitachi Cable Ltd. Japan

TR42.7-2007-07-076-JEITAcablePSANEXT.ppt contributed by Hitachi Cable Manchester, Ltd.


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Cable A

Sample(A)(victim)-Sample(B)&Sample(C) 3 cables mixed up PSANEXT(Spiral bundling)

100

cable90

B]

C

70

gn

itude[d

50

60M

AC6 PSANEXT d5.0 BL OR GR BR

40

1 10 100 1000


requency z


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Sample(B)(victim)-Sample(C)&Sample(A) 3 cables mixed up PSANEXT(Spiral bundling)

100 Cable B

80

90

B] C

cable

70

gnitude[

as victim

cable

50

M

AC6 PSANEXT d5.0 BL OR GR BR

40

1 10 100 1000



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TSB-190 (draft) draws

conclusions for alien crosstalkperformance based on some

m e es ng

Three category 6A 6-around-1

manufacturers

a) coupling into the center cable

coup ng n o e ou er ca eTR42.7-2010-02-025-SharedPathwaySheath d0.4.txt


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Cou led to

centercable ofone un e

Coupled toouter cable

o onebundle

TR42.7-2010-02-025-SharedPathwaySheath d0.4.txt


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Alien crosstalk erformance can

mitigate cable-to-cable crosstalk

Power separation

o se separa on

Mixing applications

x ng ven ors

What about other noise sources?


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The MICE tables serve as the reference

for environmental conditions, testparameters and procedures

What is MICE?

Four Classifications, each with multipleparame ers Mechanical

Climatic

Electromagnetic


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What is MICE?

Three levels: 1, 2 and 3 1 has the most benign conditions and 3 has the harshest

Office environments (controlled) associated with Level 1

Office/enterprise buildings and data centers associated with

Industrial environments associated with Level 3

Note: For some facilities (e.g. hospitals, airports) a

com na on o eren eve s may e appropr a e , ,C2, E3)


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Electrostatic discharge -

contactStatic shock a erson ex eriences after walkin across a

carpet and then touching a metallic object

Electrostatic discharge - air

-

AM (amplitude-modulated) z z requency range

(e.g. AM/FM radio, broadcast TV)

80 MHz 2 GHz frequency range

(e.g. mobile telephones, wireless networks)

ETF/B (comms)

(Fast Transient/Burst)

devicesSurge (transient groundpotential difference) signal,

line to earth

Magnetic Field (50/60 Hz)Transformers and areas where power is distributed

usually low frequency from power distributionMagnetic Field (60 to 20 kHz)


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Third-party, Independent Testing

Ethernet Networks


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Independent, third party (no vested

interest) evaluation of the effects of powerand noise sources

Objectives:

-

Use standards-based conditions (MICE)

Evaluate different cabling types


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GHMT AG in Bexbach, Germany

Independent test laboratory

All tests in an EMC chamber


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Six Vendors

3 UTP systems Class EA (Cat 6A) 3 STP systems Class EA (Cat 6A) F/UTP, S/FTP (standard), S/FTP (high end)

ISO/IEC 11801 Class EA channel

Open market purchase


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Cut: Because of insufficient PS ANEXTperformance, system 00 was excluded

from further tests in the study


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Cabling system under test

Patch panel

Patch panel

s server s e

s server s e10 Gb/s switch


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What happens to the data?

Best case no effect

Applied

Bursts

Stable Transfer


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What happens to the data?

Bad case - disrupted transmission Worst case com lete interru tion

Applied

Bursts

Disrupted Interrupted

Transfer ofData with

Recovery

Transfer ofData;

No Recovery


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Standards: Electrostatic Discharge -

Contact and Air

- - -Electrostatic dischargeElectrostatic discharge

Determine system

ESD caused byE1/E2/E3

low-conductivity

operator clothing


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Standards: Electrostatic Discharge -

Contact and Air

- - -Electrostatic dischargeElectrostatic discharge

Determine system

ESD caused byE1/E2/E3

low-conductivity

operator clothing


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Standards: Radiated RF - AM

and Conducted Radio Frequency

Conducted Hi h Fre uencRadiated Hi h Fre uenc

E3

E1/E2 E1/E2

3

IEC-EN 61000-4-3

IEC-EN 61000-4-6

to 80.0 MHz to 2.0 GHz

Antenna

to 150 kHz to 80 MHz

Coupling clamp


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Standards: Radiated RF - AM

and Conducted Radio Frequency

Conducted Hi h Fre uencRadiated Hi h Fre uenc

E3

E1/E2 E1/E2

3

IEC-EN 61000-4-3

IEC-EN 61000-4-6

to 80.0 MHz to 2.0 GHz

Antenna

to 150 kHz to 80 MHz

Coupling clamp


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10GBASE-T data traffic was monitored

while disturbers active near cables

01

UTP

02

UTP

Sys 03

F/UTP

Sys 04

S/FTP

Sys 05

S/FTP

Cell

Phones

2-wayRadio = 10GBASE-T data transfer disrupted or interrupted


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Standards:

Fast Transients and BurstsFast Transients/BurstFast Transients/Burst

- - -

Determine system immunity

electrical disturbances as

enerated b transientE3switching

Cut-off of inductive loadsE2

Relay contact chatter Illuminating fluorescent lamps

1


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Standards:

Fast Transients and BurstsFast Transients/BurstFast Transients/Burst

- - -

Determine system immunity

electrical disturbances as

enerated b transientE3switching

Cut-off of inductive loadsE2

Relay contact chatter Illuminating fluorescent lamps

1


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System

01

System

02

System

03

System

04System 05

UTP UTP F/UTP S/FTP

Fluorescent

Lam

= 10GBASE-T data transfer

disru ted or interru ted even atdistances beyond 0.5m

Effect observed during on/off and off/on

rans ons Off-to-on had a greater effect

Proximit to ower feed cable had reater

effect than proximity to light fixture


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Practical Test:

Power Cable Separation Distance

in mesh tray

Simulation of common

urs s p ace onpower cables


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Practical Test:

Power Cable Separation Distance


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IEC-EN 61000-4-8Magnetic Field

Determine systemimmunity against

Simulates disturbances of

50/60 Hz magnetic fieldsE3 e.g. curren s n nes an

busbars, transformers,E2

distributorsE1


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Current guidance on power separation is not

enough

Balance is no longer enough

More noise sources

Worse EMI environment

en crossta s not enoug

May be adequate for cable-to-cable noise for cables

Does not address other external noise sources


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EMC awareness becoming more important

More testing is in order

Separation Table Edits

-sheath

Identification of the right parameters


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Coupling Attenuation

Measurement of emission and immunity Ratio of ower into the air to the ower into

the environment

UTP Cables: balance onl F/UTP and S/FTP cables: balance and

shielding effectiveness

correlates to alien crosstalk and noiseimmunity


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Be sensitive to alien crosstalk

Recognize it may not be enough

Per ISO a shielded, balanced, twisted-pair

+alien crosstalk requirements by design

no testing necessary

Alien crosstalk and EMC performance


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Power Separation and10 Gigabit Ethernet

Herbert V. Congdon II, PE