POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF FAST GROWING SPECIES FROM PLANTED ...sarawaktimber.org.my/timber_issue/Paper 10 (International... · FROM PLANTED FOREST Mohd Nor Mohd Yusoff, ... 2021 544,272.00

INSTITUT PENYELIDIKAN PERHUTANAN MALAYSIA

FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE MALAYSIA

http://www.frim.gov.my ISO 9001-2008 Certified 5S

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POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF FAST GROWING SPECIES FROM PLANTED FOREST

Mohd Nor Mohd Yusoff, Mahmudin Saleh and Ahmad Zuhaidi Yahya

Forest Research Institute Malaysia




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Outlines of presentation

• Introduction

• Potential forest plantation species

• Future availability of round logs

• Utilizations – potential end products

• Key challenges

• Way forward and conclusion




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Rubberwood – currently, the key raw material for wooden furniture industries




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Introduction

• Wood - used greatly in building construction, door, furniture making, flooring, decking, framing, skirting, interior finishing, etc.

• Wood-based sector in Malaysia – RM20+ billion worth of export values.

• Wood sector – thriving on exceptional properties of Malaysian tropical hardwoods and driven by proven R&D on rubberwood (furniture industries).

• Shortage in wood supply: – competition from other types of downstream products, and – the increasing demands of the wood products.

• National Forest Plantation Programme (NFPP) – led by MPIC/MTIB and participated by several government agencies with the wood based industries to address sustenance of wood supply issue ….continue




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Introduction • Why planted forests?

• ‘Supply of Raw Materials’ one of the thrust areas under National Timber Industry Policy (2009–2020).

• NFPP: initial 375,000 ha nationwide – dedicated for hardwood forest plantation species – continuous supply of timber in the country.

• Aim of NFFP – producing min 30 cm DBH tree for timber production (for industrial wood, furniture and specialty products) during the period of 15 years.

• Apart from NFPP, 1,000,000 ha in Sarawak, and 300,000 ha in Sabah; identified for future planting until 2020.

• Thus, ensuring sustainable supply of timber for wood-based industries – crucial to achieve NATIP’s target, i.e. RM53 billion of export earnings in 2020.




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Potential forest plantation species

• NFPP: implemented in various phases – the first harvest expected from year 2021.

• Overall, the future supply of round logs – from NFPP and States Forest Plantation Programme (such as in Sabah and Sarawak).

Selected planted species: Other species considered:

1. Acacia mangium (incl. Acacia hybrid) 2. Tectona grandis 3. Khaya ivorensis 4. Khaya senegalensis 5. Rubberwood (5 clones) 6. Azadirachta excelsa 7. Paraserianthes falcataria 8. Neolamarckia cadamba 9. Octomeles sumatrana

1. Eucalyptus deglupta 2. Eucalyptus pellita (incl.

Eucalyptus hybrid) 3. Karas 4. Bamboo (structural bamboo

species)




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Year Areas Planted (ha) Total (ha)

Clones** Forest Species***

2007 2,366.40 5,202.07 7,568.47

2008 3,446.98 6,718.35 10,165.33

2009 3,411.13 3,217.87 6,629.00

2010 6,946.82 4,138.77 11,085.59

2011 12,085.50 8,623.28 20,738.78

2012 8,534.14 2,952.50 11,486.64

2013* 3,645.00 1,809.00 5,454.00

Total 40,435.97 32,661.84 73,127.81

Total areas planted under the National Forest Plantation Programme (until 31 March 2013)

Source: NATIP JKT 1, 20 May 2013, * until March 2013, ** recommended clones by MRB including RRIM

3001, other forest species mainly of Acacias, Neolamarckia cadamba, Khaya ivorensis, Paraserianthes falcataria and Octomeles sumatrana




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Harvest Potential log volume (m3) Total (m3)

Clones** Forest Species***

2021 544,272.00 936,372.60 1,480,644.60

2022 792,805.40 1,209,303.00 2,002,108.40

2023 784,559.90 579,216.60 1,363,776.50

2024 1,597,768.60 744,978.60 2,342,747.20

2025 2,779,665.00 1,552,190.40 4,331,855.40

2026 1,962,852.20 531,450.00 2,494,302.20

2027 838,350.00 325,620.00 1,163,970.00

Future availability of round logs




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Plantation areas established in Sarawak and estimated stocking

Remarks: SPFSB : Sarawak Planted Forest Sdn. Bhd., Private: companies, average mean annual volume increment of 25 m3 ha-1 year-1 Source: Abd. Wahab (2012)

Year Age range

(years) SPFSB Private Total

Stocking (m3)

1997 15 80 - 80 30,000 1998 14 1,262 - 1,262 441,700 1999 13 2,077 - 2,077 674,700 2000 12 3,414 - 3,414 1,023,600 2001 11 6,581 - 6,581 1,810,600 2002 10 352 - 352 88,000 2003 9 5,719 - 5,719 1,286,775 2004 8 18,322 14,793 33,115 6,623,000 2005 7 17,347 23,164 40,511 7,089,425 2006 6 15,197 32,789 47,986 7,190,850 2007 5 13,399 27,929 41,328 5,162,750 2008 4 17,462 24,447 41,909 4,179,900 2009 3 13,848 16,720 30,568 2,285,625 2010 2 7,608 14,420 22,028 1,111,750 2011 1 2,848 10,107 12,955 323,875

TOTAL 125,516 164,369 289,885 39,322,550




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Species composition in Sarawak as of 2011

Species Area (hectares) Percentage Remarks

Acacia mangium 213,442 73.6 Exotic

Eucalyptus 21,669 7.5 E. deglupta & E. pellita

Neolamarckia cadamba

19,260 6.6 Native

Paraserianthes falcataria

34,146 11.8 Native

Hevea brasiliensis 1,368 0.4 Clones

TOTAL 289,885

Source: Abd. Wahab (2012)




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Potential round logs from Sarawak Planted Forest

Assumptions: Acacia mangium, 200 m3ha-1 after 15 years Source: Abd. Wahab (2012)

Year Age range

(years) SPFSB (ha) Year

Potential round logs (m3)

1997 15 80 2013 16,000 1998 14 1,262 2014 252,400 1999 13 2,077 2015 415,400 2000 12 3,414 2016 682,800 2001 11 6,581 2017 1,316,200 2002 10 352 2018 70,400 2003 9 5,719 2019 1,143,800 2004 8 18,322 2020 3,664,400 2005 7 17,347 2021 3,469,400 2006 6 15,197 2022 2,839,400 2007 5 13,399 2023 2,679,800 2008 4 17,462 2024 3,492,400 2009 3 13,848 2025 2,769,600 2010 2 7,608 2026 1,521,600 2011 1 2,848 2027 569,600

TOTAL 125,516




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15-year old teak- for high quality timber, but no takers

Acacia mangium - most favourable forest species – fast growth




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The seedlings – ready for planting

4-year-old Neolamarckia cadamba – planned for short rotation crop

trees




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Octomeles sumatrana – another fast growing – promoted by planters in Sabah and Sarawak

Eucalyptus – considered as the potential species. Sabah and

Sarawak planters began planting in 2008




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Species Density (kg/m3) Growth rate*

(m3/ha/y)

Yield/ha

(Green tonne/ha at 7-yr

rotation)

Acacia spp 350-580 (465) 25-45 (35) 114

Paraserianthes falcataria

270-880 (575) 20-55 (37.5) 151

Eucalyptus spp 400 -750(575) 30-50 (40) 161

Neolamarckia cadamba

290-465 (377.5) 25-40 (32.5) 86

Selected properties of fast growing species

Note: values in brackets are averages




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Utilizations – potential end products




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Species Potential end-uses 1. Rubberwood Furniture, flooring, framing, decking, slid door, skirting, interior

finishing. Medium density fibreboard (MDF) and engineered board/lumber can be made using crown wood and juvenile wood.

2. African mahogany (Khaya ivorensis & Khaya senegalensis)

High class furniture, superior cabinets, heavy construction, decorative veneer, superior joinery, paneling and partitioning, mouldings and skirting.

3. Tectona grandis High class furniture, first class joinery, ship and boat building, laboratory benches, beam, bridges, joist, flooring, parquet, planking, decking, sliced decorative veneer.

4. Azadirachta excelsa Furniture, light to medium construction, joinery, sliced veneer, joist, cabinet works, flooring, staircases.




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Species Potential end-uses 1. Acacia (Acacia

mangium & Acacia hybrid)

Furniture, veneer, framing, mouldings, flooring, joist, door and window frames, sliced veneer. MDF, engineered wood and pulp and paper are made using juvenile wood.

2. Paraserianthes falcataria

Light construction, solid door, wooden pallet, boxes and crates, Block board, toys, mathematical instruments, picture frames, veneer, MDF, laminated veneer lumber (LVL), pulp and paper, wooden sandals.

3. Neolamarckia cadamba

Veneer, match sticks and boxes, blue-laminated components, general planking, interior finishing, picture frames, toys, boxes and crates.

4. Octomeles sumatrana Veneer, plywood, boxes and crates, interior joinery, pallets, engineered wood.

5. Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus pellita & E. hybrid)

Furniture, boat building, pulp and paper, MDF, particleboard, flooring, tool handles.

Fast growing species




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Acacia model house




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indoor flooring strips

decking strips




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resin impregnated oil palm flooring




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Garden furniture

Forest Product Division




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Indoor furniture




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High value laminated scantling products




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Engineered lumber

Solid wood




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Pulp and paper




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Biocomposites – wood-based panels




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Key challenges, Way forward and conclusion




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• The need for more green timber products and technologies to enhance market competitiveness of wood and non-wood forest products

• Optimum utilisation of lignocellulosic residues towards efficient conversion into value-added products

• Widening range of high value-added wood-based products for niche market

Key Challenges




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Other challenges

• Escalating operational costs – due to instability in world’s crude oil price

• Limited availability of raw materials

• Labour force

• Issues of climate change and emission of green house’s gases

• Market constraints in view of compliance to stricter international standards

• Competition from emerging economy from developing countries




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Way Forward and Conclusion

• Restructuring the ratio of wood-based industry from 60:40 to 40:60 of upstream against downstream activities by year 2020 (NATIP, 2009)

• FRIM aspires to be a Certification and Testing Body for wood-based products that meet international standards – towards ensuring Malaysia wood-based products remain competitive

• New resources from forest plantations and agricultural plantations (e.g.: oil palm biomass, bamboo and rattan) – industry sustainability

• High-valued products from more efficient and eco-friendlier processing – towards industry competitiveness




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Thank you

Documents

POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF FAST GROWING SPECIES FROM PLANTED ...sarawaktimber.org.my/timber_issue/Paper 10 (International... · FROM PLANTED FOREST Mohd Nor Mohd Yusoff, ... 2021 544,272.00