Upload
truongdieu
View
220
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
under the Directive on the Ecodesign of Energy-Related
Products (2009/125/EC)
Twentysecond meeting of the Ecodesign Consultation ForumBrussels, 16 December 2011
�
Possible Ecodesign & Labelling
Requirements for Domestic
Coffee Machines
Market overview
Coffee consumption in EU-27
Daily cups per capita (avg. 2,2; total 400 billion cups/yr)
DK 4 – SE 4 – FI 5,5
EI 1,6 – UK 1,3
PO 1,1 – RO 1,1 – BG 1,3 – HU 1,4
LV 1,6 - SK 1,8 - CZ 1,8 - LI 1,9 - EE 2,1 NL 3,8 – BE & LU 3,1
DE 3 - FR 2,2 – AT 2,8
PT 2,0 – ES 2,1
MA 1,1
CY 2,2 - GR 2,5 – IT 2,7
125ml 6 g coffee
3
Sources: ICO, VNKT
drip filter
70%
portioned
filter
20%
espresso
10%
Stock: 140-150 million machines installed
Stock of appliances
4
Source: Lot 25 preparatory study
drip filter
75%portioned
filter
17%
espresso
8%
Sales: 20-22 million units/year
Sales and sales value of appliances
drip filter
50%
portioned
filter
25%
espresso
25%
Sales value: € 2 billion/year
5
Source: VHK
coffee
(incl. filter)
90% machine
3%
energy
6%maintenance
1%
Expenditure: € 62 billion/yr
( € 310/household.yr)
Expenditure/operating costs
6
drip filter
portioned filter
espresso
‘beans’
ground
pads capsules
Sources: VHK, Lot 25 preparatory study
Average prices
standard
70%
standard with
thermos
20%
electronical
10%
Drip filter coffee machine: Unit sales
7
Source: VHK
Average prices
Hard cap
51%
Semi-
automatic
30%
Fully
automatic
19%
Espresso machine sales: 4.2 million/year
8
Source: VHK
Not in the scope
Manual coffee makers (incl. using instant coffee)
9
Sources: Bodum, Bialetti, Illy
Exclusion on basis of non-automatic supply of hot water, non-electric, etc.
French press
Moka (caffettiera)
Vacuum principle Caffettiera Napoletana
‘Mukka’ (capuccino maker, using caffettiera)
Not in the scopeNon-domestic coffee makers (incl. vending machines)
10
Sources: Animo, Gaggia, Den HertogExclusion on basis of capacity, i.e. > 1,8 L; >2 cups simultaneous; double hotplate, connection to water grid, etc.
Not in the scope
EU Niche coffee makers
11
Sources: Animo, Gaggia, Den Hertog
Percolator (‘multiple pass’) Single mug drip filter (capacity < 5 cups)
Exclusion on basis of ‘multiple pass’ and lower limit capacity
Not in the scope: milk frothersnot separate (picture) nor integrated with coffee maker
12
Source: Bodum
Structure of proposals
• Definitions
• Eco-design requirements
• Energy labelling requirements
• Measurement method
• Information requirement for domestic coffee machines
• Conformity Assesment
• Market surveillance
• Benchmarks
• Review
14
Proposal 1: Definitions
• Machines defined:
- domestic coffee machine
- drip filter domestic coffee machine
- low pressure portioned coffee machine
- high pressure portioned espresso machine
- manual espresso coffee machine
- semi-automatic espresso machine
• Functions defined:
- beverage production mode
- cup preheating function
- steam function
- grinding function
- rinsing function
- coffee brewing period
• Standby definitions:
- standby mode
- off mode
- reactivation function
- information or status display
- ready-to-use mode
Proposal 1: Ecodesign requirements
• date: 1 January 2014
• power consumption off-mode: ≥ 1W• power consumption standby mode(s): ≥ 1W (reactivation function or
reactivation function + indication of enabled reactivation function); ≥ 2W only information/status display or combination of reactivation function + information/status display
• availiability of off-/standby mode: not exceed applicable power consumption requirements (PCR) for these modes when connected to mains power source
• date: 1 January 2015• power management filter machines w/insulated jug: ≥ 15mins after
completion of brewing cycle → off-mode, standby mode, another condition not exceeding applicable PCR for off-mode
• power management any other machine: off-mode, standby mode, another condition not exceeding applicable PCR for off-mode: ≥ 60 mins after activation of machine/ready-to-use mode/cup preheating, or last beverage preparation
Proposal 1: Energy labelling requirements
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
ENERGIA ∙EНЕРГИЯ∙ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ
ENERGIJA∙ENERGY∙ENERGIE∙ENERGI
…..kWh/annum
I II
2011/XYZ
Proposal 1: measurement method (espresso machine)
Test & Calculation Electricity
18
prep-1’
Heat up from cold 0’
asap+40’
asap+100’
asap1x 40
1’
asap+30’2x 40
kWh/cycle
asap1x 120
2’
Per year: 3 cycles/day = 1095 cycles/year = 4380 cups/year= 12 espresso cups eq./day per machine
T tank (water): 23°C ; TA (ambient) = 23°C
Calculated weighted annual energy consumption
AEc
AEc =[(3xEcbp) + (3xEsteam) + (11xPstandby) + (8xPoff) + Erin+Egri)] x 365
19
Esteam =3
Esteam separate test after
brewing cycle
100 g water heat up ∆∆∆∆T=40 K
AEc = Annual Energy consumption (kWh/a)
Ecbp = Measured energy consumption coffee brewing period (Wh)
Esteam = Average measured energy consumption steam function milk frothing(Wh)
Pstandby = Measured power consumption standby mode (W)
Poff = Measured power consumption off mode (W)
Erin = Measured energy consumption rinsing function (Wh, over 3 periods)
Egri = Measured energy consumption coffee grinding function (Wh, over 3 periods)
Calculated weighted standard annual energy consumption
SAE
20
SAEc = (WBEcbp + WBEsteam + WBE standby + WBEoff + WBE rin + WBEgri) x 365
SAEc = Weighted standard annual energy consumption
WBEcbp = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the coffee brewing period (Wh)
WBEsteam = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the steam function (Wh)
WBEstandby = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the standby mode (Wh)
WBEoff = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the off mode (Wh)
WBErin = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the rinsing function (Wh)
WBEgri = weighted benchmark of the energy consumption for the grinding function (Wh)
SAE Benchmark criteria (industry origin)
21
Function Symbol Benchmark energy consumption values (Wh)
Coffee brewing BEcbp 27,9
Heating up mode BEHU 20,0
Ready to use mode BERTU 23,5
Steam function BEsteam 15,0
Rinsing function BErin 3,0
Grinding function BEgrin 2,0
Mode Symbol Benchmark power (W)
Standby mode BPstandby 2,0
Off mode BPoff 1,0
Calculated weighted standard annual energy consumption
SAE
22
Mcoffee =3
Mcoffee = average weight of the coffees brewed in the three coffees brewing periods (grams); ref= 80 g
Mc,n = mass of one brewed coffee during each coffee brewing period (grams)
Tactual = average temperature of the two first brewed coffees in the coffee brewing period (K); ref.=76 deg
T1 = temperature of the first brewed coffee in each coffee brewing period (K)
T2 = temperature of the second brewed coffee in each coffee brewing period (K)
Ttank = measured temperature of the water in the tank (°C); ref= 23 deg
Calculated weighted standard annual energy consumption
SAE
23
3
WBEstandby = BPstandby x 11
WBEoff = BPoff x 8
Calculated Energy Efficiency Index (EEI)
24
AEc = weighted Annual Energy consumption
SAEc = weighted Standard Annual Energy consumption
Energy Efficiency Label Classes
25
Energy efficiency class Energy Efficiency Index
A+++ EEI < 48
A++ 48 ≤ EEI < 56
A+ 56 ≤ EEI < 68
A 68 ≤ EEI < 81
B 81 ≤ EEI < 97
C 97 ≤ EEI < 117
D 117≤ EEI < 140
E 140 ≤ EEI < 168
F 168 ≤ EEI < 202
G 202 ≤ EEI
Energy Efficiency Label
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
ENERGIA ∙EНЕРГИЯ∙ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ
ENERGIJA∙ENERGY∙ENERGIE∙ENERGI
…..kWh/annum
I II
2011/XYZ
26
Proposal 1: measurement method(Filter coffee machines)
Test & Calculation Electricity, draft IEC 60661, Nov. 2011
prep-1’
StartTemp check
(TB2)+30’
E100
+100’
27
Brewing ended
Ebrew meas
In case of a hard off switch, i.e. no power management like in most drip filter
machines, then the keep hot plate is assumed to operate 24/24 h, i.e. not only
in Ekhot, but also in standby Estandby and in off-mode Estandby .
E khot meas in Wh
Tw (water): 15°C ; TA (ambient) = 23°C
Wh
Full jug
50%drain
Estandby (avg. over 1 h)
Eoff (avg. over 1 h)
Relative energy consumption Erating
Index i
Function clause Wi
Bi
(Wh)Ei
1 Coffee period 26.3.1 2 Bcoffee Ecp
2 Standby mode 26.3.2 12.67 0,5Estandb
y
3 Off mode 26.3.3 8 1 Eoff
Wi = Weighting factor based on use frequency for function I (= ca. h?)
Bi = Benchmark energy value for function i
Pi = Function i available (yes=1, no=0) ?
Ei = Measured energy for function i
28
Calculated energy consumption coffee period Ecp
Ecp = Ebrew + Ekhot
29
Ecp = Total energy coffee period (Wh)
Ebrew = Energy consumption brewing
process
Ekhot = Energy consumption keeping hot
Ebrew-meas = Measured energy consumption
brewing process
Ekhot-meas = Measured energy consumption
keeping hot
TB1 = Coffee temperature (brewing)
TB2 = Coffee temperature (Keeping hot)
TA = Ambient temperature
Swiss energy label
A 51,20%
B 64,00 %
C 80,00 %
D 100,00%
E 125,00 %
F 156,25 %
G 195,31 %
• Energy label started in the
beginning of 2010, 4
espressomakers were qualified A
class.
• October 2010 over 60
espressomakers (all except 1)
were classified A
30
Proposal 1: Information requirements
• suppliers name/trade mark
• supplier’s model identifier
• energy efficiency class
• weighted Annual Energy Consumption in kWh/year
• first scale A-G, 12 months after entry into force
• second scale A+, 24 months after entry into force
• product fiche
• technical documentation
• advertising requirements,12 months after entry into force
Proposal 1: Conformity assessment and market
surveillance
• 1+3 machines to be tested for ecodesign and where relevant, for labelling requirements, verification procedure used for market surveillance
• Testing for:
- declared energy efficiency class
- weighted annual energy consumption
- power consumption in off-mode, standby mode, ready-to-use mode
Proposal 1: Benchmarks and review
• Benchmarks:
- preliminary assessment of industry: «C» for most products on the market, measurements will have to be carried out
• Review: no later than 5 years after entry into force
Proposal 2: Definitions
• Machines defined:
- domestic coffee machine
- drip filter coffee machine
- portioned coffee machine
- espresso machine
• Function defined:
- activated
- end of brewing cycle
• Machine part definitions:- coffee beans
- grounds coffee beans
- coffee
- filter
- pad
- capsule
- cup
- coffee jug
- ahermos coffee jug
- aater dosage device
- coffee dosage device
- automatic dosage device
- hard off switch
avg W
Proposal 2: measurement methodTest & Calculation Electricity
prep-1’
power0’
asap+45’
asap+100’
asap2x
asap+30’1x
asap+120’
disconnect-6h
if hard off switch
then ‘off’ (end hot plate)
if soft off-switch
then ‘off’ (end test)
power
down
period
total kWh
Etst PDtst
Calculated annual electricity in kWh/a: AEL = ( Etst + 22 x PDtst ) x 730
For 2190 x 40 g (espresso) or 2190 x 125 g (other)
35
Test & Calculation
Calculated annual coffee mass in kg/a: MC = MCtst x 730 x 10³
Calculated annual filter mass in kg/a: MF = MFtst x 730 x 10³
For 2190 x 40 g (espresso) or 2190 x 125 g (other)
drip filter machine (all
inputs in g/cycle)
standard thermos OR
auto dosage
thermos AND
auto dosage
Water 540 (472) (405)
Coffee MCtst 24 [21] [18]
Disposable filter* MFtst 3 3 3
portioned filter
espresso capsule
espresso automatic
*= 0 with mechanical filter
[ ]= applies if no auto coffee dosage; if auto coffee dosage then set to 3,5 (no thermos) or 3 (thermos) cups
MCtst= 3 x 7 g/cup ; MFtst=3 x1,3 g filter/cup
MCtst= 3 x 7 g/cup ; MFtst=measured (alum)
MCtst= measured coffee/ cup ; MFtst =0
()= applies if no auto water dosage; if auto water dosage then set to 3,5 (no thermos) or 3 cups
36
Energy impact unit indicators
Calculated annual coffee indirect energy in kWhe/a: AEC = MC x GERC
Calculated annual filter indirect energy in kWhe/a: : AEF = MF x GERF
For 2190 x 40 g (espresso) or 2190 x 125 g (other)
unit MJ
primary
energy
kWhe
equivalent
per unit
energy
name
Electricity kWhe 10.5 1
Coffeekg 65-70 6,5 GERC
Paper filterkg 30 3
Alu capsulekg 193 18
Plastic (PE, PP)
capsulekg 73-78 7
GERF
resource
Sources:
MEEuP,
Jungbluth et al.
37
Calculated total annual energy requirement AE
Calculated total annual energy requirement in kWhe/a: AE
For 2190 x 40 g (espresso) or 2190 x 125 g (other)
AE = AEL + AEC + AEF
38
Energy Efficiency definition EE (for rating)
Calculated Standard Annual Energy requirement in kWhe/a: SAE
For 2190 x 40 g (espresso) or 2190 x 125 g (other)
AE = calculated Annual Energy requirement
SAE = Standard Annual Energy requirement
(theoretical annual minimum energy required)
with values
Drip filter coffee machine: 110 kWh/a
Portioned filter coffee machine: 137 kWh/a
Espresso machine: 110 kWh/a
39
Energy Efficiency Label Classes
114 771
Energy efficiency
class
Energy
Efficiency
A+ EEI ≥ 90%
A 80%≤ EE < 90%
B 70% ≤ EE < 80%
C 60% ≤ EE < 70%
D 50%≤ EE < 60%
E 40%≤ EE < 50%
F 30% ≤ EE < 40%
G EE<30%
100 9121
100 2540
85 49
100 945
100 27
Best (BAT)
BaseCase82%
83%
86%
57%
62%
66%
40
Electric Domestic Coffee Machine Energy Efficiency Label
C
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
ENERGIA ∙EНЕРГИЯ∙ΕΝΕΡΓΕΙΑ
ENERGIJA∙ENERGY∙ENERGIE∙ENERGI
221kWh/annum
I II
2011/XYZ
max. 0,8 L 2200 2.2 kg17.6 kg
125
ml
127 787
kWh/a
or or
41
Proposal 2: Information requirements
• suppliers name/trade mark
• supplier’s model identifier
• energy efficiency class
• weighted Annual Energy Consumption in kWh/year
• pictogram of type of machine: drip filter, portioned filter, espresso
• diagram with graphics:
- split of AEC: AEL+AEC+AEF
- calculated annual coffee consumption in kg
- number of annually consumed coffee cups + cup size in g
- calculated annual consumption of possible filter material
• first scale A-G, 12 months after entry into force
• second scale A+, 24 months after entry into force
• product fiche
• technical documentation
• advertising requirements,12 months after entry into force
Proposal 2: Conformity assessment and market
surveillance
• 1+3 machines to be tested for ecodesign and labelling requirements, verification procedure used for market surveillance
• Testing for:
- declared energy efficiency class
- weighted annual energy consumption
- power consumption in off-mode, standby mode, ready-to-use mode
Proposal 2: Benchmarks and review
• Benchmarks: 83%
• Review: depending on technological progress and no later than 10 years after entry into force
Proposal 3: No action
• Savings:
• no savings directly delivered
• standby Regulation will bring ca. 2 TWh annual savings
• further savings expected from general trend of more efficient machines making it to the market
• Resources:
• resources freed to focus on other priority product groups
Comparison of proposals: Estimated savings
2020-2025
1 2 3
ex SB reg -0,5 2 2
ex specific measures 0,5 3,6
0 5,6 2
Consumables (indirect E) saving measures
less coffee wasted 0 3,6 0
material filters & caps saved 0 0,3 0
0 3,9 0
0 9,5 2
Proposal number -->
Direct electricity saving
total consumables in TWh eq./yr
total electricity in TWh/yr
total overall
ranking on energy saving
Product groups Energy saving
(vs. BaU 2020)
Energy saving
(vs. BaU 2020)
Twhe/a Twhe/a
1 non-dom. Ventilation 0 + 400 12 dom. vacuum cleaners 16.0
2 CH boilers (incl. combi) 303 13 dom. ventilation units 7+30
3 electric motors >750 W (all) 140.0 14 dom. coffee makers 5.6 +3.9
4 lighting (NDLS) 87.0 15 room air conditioners 6.0
5 dedicated water heaters 45 16 dom. refrig. and freezers 4.0
6 circulators 35.0 17 complex set top boxes 3.5
7 televisions 30.0 18 water pumps 3.3
8 lighting (DLS) 25.0 19 dom. dishwashers 2.0
9 solid fuel small combustion 20.0 20 dom. range hoods 2.0
10 non-dom. airco chillers 20.0 21 dom. washing machines 1.5
11 non-dom. refrig. & freezers 20.0 22 printers*** 0.2 + ???
Notes: 1) Values are taken from a selection of completed and ongoing preparatory studies and may be subject to change. 2) Impacts and savings mentioned may be overlapping (e.g. ventilation and CH
boilers, motors and their applications). 3) Ventilation impacts show 2 numbers: the first is the electricity consumption, the second shows the (heating) fuel savings. 4) 'Other impacts' means that aspects
were taken into account/ studies, not necessarily --e.g. due to lacking test standards-- (already) translated into requirements. Items with a ‘?’ are or could be subject of ongoing pstudies (no Commission
Working Document issued yet). Legend: dom.=domestic; refrig.=refrigerators; BAU=Business-As-Usual scenario; ( c)=consumer price incl. VAT; ( c+i)= consumer price + installation; ( m)= manufacturer
selling prices; - = not (easily) available from study. Source: www.meerp.eu (Report 1 draft) . ****= in a larger cluster
fossil fuel direct & indirect; mix fossil & electric; consumables indirect
RANKING COFFEE MAKERS