Pocket Guide to Hawaii

8/3/2019 Pocket Guide to Hawaii

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For use of Militar)! Personnel only. Notto be ;'epublished, in whole 01 " in part, withom the consent of the War Department.

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THIS IS ABOUT HAWAII, to introduce you to a ncountry. New countries are like new friends. Ycan't get to enjoy them umil you've learned somethinabout them-until you know the score. So here'sscore on Hawaii.

Your Hawaiian Islands are a chain of volcanic peareaching up out of the Pacific about halfway between tUnited States and Asia.

The base of this mountain range is some 18,000 fbelow sea level; so if you climb [0 the top of Mauna Loa-the 14,ooo.foot volcano on the Island of Hawaii-you cboast that you've stood at the summit of the highest mountain in the world. Even when you're at sea level you'rhigh up the mountainside.

Eight of the Hawaiian Islands are big enough to wrihome about. Some of the rest of them are so small ththere isn't a pen point fine enough to put them on (hmap.

Before the [apanese went berserk, the Hawaiian Islandhad three salable products-sugar, pineapple, and climateThe sugar and pineapple were shipped to the Mainland(continental U. S.) where you ate them. The climatwas used by an ever-increasing horde of enthusiastictourists.It all worked out pretty happily.


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Then came December 7, 194I-and the foul blow thatbrought us all to Hawaii, soldier, on the way to Tokyo.

The main island of the Hawaii group is called Oahu.It isn't the biggest, but it's the most important, because thecity of Honolulu is on it. Oahu is only 40 miles long and26 wide; but here you'll find an astonishing variety ofscenery, floral beauty, and bustling human activity.

Honolulu is 2,09' nautical miles from San Franciscoand 3>394 from Yokohama.

This means that it's a long way home from Honolulu,via Japan.The first thing you will notice about the city of Honolulu

is that it's full of drug stores, department stores, soda foun-tains, movies, offices, and even Americans. It has bussesthat charge 10 cents a ride, three tokens for 20 cents.

There are cops, public schools, dial telephones, churches,hot-dog stands, public libraries, YMCA's, restaurants,daily newspapers, radio repair shops, gas stations, publicparks, and playgrounds.

On the streets you'll see such sights as newsboys hawkingevening papers, people from offices jostling to get on bussesso they won't arrive home late for supper, taxicabs dodgingtraffic, red fronts of the 5and.lO, and the little wire basketson wheels in the supermarkets.So you're not as far away from home as you think.

Of course, you'll see palm trees, giant ferns, tropicalflowers that may b e unfamiliar to you. And in the back-ground will be the mountains.

When you go outside the city, around the island ofOahu, you'll see fields of pineapples stretching for miles.And more acres of sugarcane.

You'll see people working in those fields. They'll bejust as American as you. And just as proud of it.


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Maybe you'll go to one of the other Islands in the group.The largest is Hawaii. Most people think that Honoluluis on Hawaii. But that's only because they don't know.It's 200 miles from Oahu to Hawaii.

The island of Hawaii is big-as big as Connecticut andRhode Island put together.Ic is 83 miles long, 73 mileswide, and 283 miles around-more than 4,000 square milesof land.Some of the most beautifulscenery in the world is onHawaii. There are snow-capped- mountains, two ofwhich are more than 13,000feet high, and there are twovolcanoes, active hot stuff.

The people out here saythat sugar is king in Hawaii.That's because the Islandsproduce so much. But theyalso are proud that one of the largest cattle ranches inthe world is on the island of Hawaii-the Parker Ranch.When you eat fresh meat at mess out here, chances areit came from this ranch.

The other six large islandsare Maui, Kauai, Lanai, Molo-kai, Niihau, and Kahoolawc:.Sound like hard names to re-member. But after you'vebeen out here awhile you'lllearn how to pronounce themand they'll become as familiarto you as Massachusetts, Iowa,Connecticut, or Arkansas.Maui is second in size of theIslands. It iscalled the "ValleyIsland" because of its several beautiful winding stream-beds. It's famous for its hospitality and for a volcano10,000 feet high with a burned-out crater 15 milesacross.

Kauai is the "Garden Island" of the group, because ofthe breath-snatching beauty of its lush foliage and flamingblooms. Its highest peak is called Waialeale , which ispronounced Wah-ee-ah-lee-ah-lee, and means "ripplingwater" without the bubbles. A good name for a mountainpeak that's all wet with 50 0 inches of rain a year. Sixteenmiles away, at Barking Sands, the annual rainfall is only20 inches.Kauai is also renowned for the astonishing beauty of


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the Canyon of Waimea, which is Hawaii's own GrandCanyon.

Lanai is called the "Pineapple Island" because it is com-pletely owned by a pineapple company.

Molokai is the "Friendly Island," a title that has beenearned by its hospitality to homesteaders and its harboringof the leper colony which Robert Louis Stevenson madefamous in his description of the great and good workdone by Father Damien, who devoted his life to thewelfare of those afllicted with that tragic disease.Kahoolawe is the stepsister of the Islands. "GoatIsland," or "Dust Island,". 'they call her. There are nostreams or springs on the island and practically no foliage.Last figure on population was two (2) people.

Niihau is another dryspot, but it possesses atableland which gives goodgrazing; entirely devotedto stock raising.

That's the list of the bigones. You'll come to be asproud of them as the peoplewho live here are proud ofcalling themselves Amen,

a;vE, THE PEOPLE

There are a lot of civilians on the Islands. Most of themwere here before the [aps attacked Pearl Harbor. And theyhave every intention of staying when we GI's go home.In '94' there were 465>339 inhabitants.

You're going to meet these people. They're yourneighbors. And it's a good idea if, right at the start, youknow a few things about them. It may prevent you frommaking mistakes.

There's one primary point to remember. No matterwhat the color of their skin, no matter how they appear,the civilians you see in the Hawaiian Islands are Ameri-cans. They're just as proud of the Stars and Stripes asyou are. Never forget that.

You're going to run into a lot of Japanese during yourstay. In '941 there were 157,990 people of Japanesedescent here. That means that 34 out of every 100 civilianswere Japanese.Now get this straight. Most of these went to Ameri-


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can schools. They learned to pledge their allegiance tothe same Bag you salute. They like American soft drinks.And one of their favorite radio comics is Bob Hope.They're Americans.

What's more, many of them have husbands, sons, andbrothers fighting for Uncle Sam. These [apanese-Ameri-sans (Nisei) aren't just talking patriotism. Their battal-ions proved, in the battle of Italy, that they are willing todie for it. . Don't sell them short.

The native Hawaiians are a much smaller group: In1941 there were only 14,246 pure Hawaiians and 52,445part Hawaiians.

These Hawaiians are fine folk. Don't let any fantasticfiction you may have read about them back home throwyou off the beam. These people have certain fundamentalideals: They believe in strong bodies, in dean living andin democracy.

The second largest group on the Islands is composedof the folks from back home who came over here to live,and their children. In 194I there were 139,299 oJ them.Some arrived for a visit and liked the place so well theynever went back .. Others came out to work for a year. ortwo, fell in love with these hunks of America in theCentral Pacific, and remained.

Talk to the business people in the center of Honolulu.

Again and again you'll hear the same story: "I came overfor a year in '24. But I'm still here. I only wish youcould see our city when we don't have a war on."

You've probably heard Hawaii referred to as the Cross-roadsof the Pacific. That's an apt phrase. People from allthe far.f1ung corners of the world have come to live in Ha-waii. The big influx started back in the 1860'S when ship-load after shipload came over to work on the plantations.

In addition t9 the Japanese on the Islands, there are8,000 Puerto Ricans, 29,000 Chinese, 7,000 Koreans, and52,000 Filipinos.

Today these people are fired with acommcn purpose-to do their level best to help win the war. Not only havea great many joined the armed forces, but they're buyingbonds, doing Red Cross work, taking part in all thecivilian war activities the same as the people at home.

But 'keep this in mind, when you meet the people overhere. They've been under attack. They've been livingin a war atmosphere for a long time. They've been work-ing long hours, suffering the inconveniences of over-crowding, curfew, gas rationing, and other necessary war-time restrictions.

They haven't complained. They aren't complainingnow. But it hasn't been easy for them. S o give thema break, and they'll meet you more than halfway.


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A LITTLE HISTORYIf you're ever on a quiz program and the 164 question

is "From what race do the Hawaiians come?" you'll takethe money if you answer "Polynesian."Scientists who study races have plucked out their beards

arguing the origin of the Hawaiians. But the most gen-erally accepted theory is that they emigrated from Asiamore than a thousand years ago, sailing thousands of milesacross the Pacific in double canoes. Here they set upa feudalistic farm system.

Recorded history in the ISlands begins with their dis-covery by Capt. James Cook, British, on a Sunday morn-ing in January of 1778.

Cook had come from the Society Islands in the south-easr Pacific and was hunting for a passage from the Pacificto the Atlantic. He had a quick temper, a flowing beard,a couple of ships, and a great uncertainty about where hewas going.10

When he arrived, he didn't know where he was.The natives were equally confused. Believing in a large

number of gods and never having seen a white man, theyhit upon the idea that Cook was a chief god (Lone)."

He had them eating out of his hand. The Islands (hecalled them the Sandwich Islands in honor of the Earl ofSandwich) were his. But he made the mistake of hangingaround.

The natives got to trading with Captain Cook and hisboys. And pretty soon they came to realize that whitemen were a long way from being gods.

The natives, like all people who find their confidencebetrayed, were considerably sore about it, and Cook's menannoyed them still further by chopping up a couple oftheir sacred idols for firewood. During one of the ensuingscufRes a native chief, with dose combat training, stucka wooden dagger into Captain Cook's back .. He died onthe beach at Kaawaloa on the Island of Hawaii.

The rest of the expedition took to their boats and noother white men visited the Islands for 7 years.

Up until 1795 there had been a number of little king.doms throughout the eight islands. There was plenty oroom for all of 'them, but a few big chiefs wanted morethan their share. The result was- war, plenty.

Then a chief of Kona, named Kamehameha, decided1


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that this wrangling had gone onlong enough. He was a big bayo-net; you can see a statue of him ina golden feather cloak outside" theJudiciary Building on King Streetin Hololulu. He decided the onlyway to crush force was with greaterforce. With the help of some whiteadvisers he conquered all the otherchiefs on the Island of Hawaii.Then he built a fleet of outriggercanoes, some mounting brass ord-nance, and set out for Maui andOahu. It wasn't long before he hadunited all the islands under one rule,and he proceeded to govern with afirmness and wisdom which wonhim the title of Kamehameha theGreat, and gained Hawaii realrespect.

When Kamehameha was a boy, Hawaii was living ina stoneage culture, worshipping pagan gods, and wasunknown to the rest of the world. Within one life-time all this was changed. Stone tools and weaponswere scrapped when metal tools and weapons arrived.

Wooden idols were burned and deadly tabus broken.Kamehameha I died in 1819. The next year a boat-

load of missionaries arrived from Boston. They spreadChristianity and they started schools. Hawaii became abit of New England in the tropical Pacific. As a result,

by the 'middle of the 19th century,the Hawaiians were just as wen edu-cated as the average throughout theUnited States. Well-to-do familiesin California sent their children toHonolulu for schooling. The resultis that when you're in Hawaii, you'rein an enlightened part of the UnitedStates, and one of the most demo-cratic. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, founder ofthe Chinese Republic, was educatedhere in Hawaii.

While this was going on, Westernpeople and Western ideas were tak-ing hold. Trading posts were set up.Ships docked to take on cargoes ofsandalwood, salt, food, and water.Whalers established a great base here.

In 1840 a British sea captaingained control of the Islands. But12 1 3


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after a few months, his superior gave them back to thereigning king, Kauikeauoli, son of old Kamehameha,better known as Kamehameha III. His nephew. Alex-ander, who ruled as Kamehameha IV, also favored GreatBritain, but this was balanced by strong American inter-ests. The rulers were worried about the possible fate ofthe Islands as long as they remained independent. Appre-hensive looks were cast toward Germany and Japan.

Back in the States, Washington was interested too. Ha-waii was the perfect site fora naval base to guard our WestCoast. Then, too, American economic ties with the Islandswere growing stronger. For example, the Monarchy andUncle Sam in 1876 signed a treaty which, among otherthings. let Hawaiian sugar enter the States duty-free.

In 1893 an internal bloodless revolution dethroned QueenLiliuokalani, and a provisional government, headed bySanford B. Dole, was formed. Annexation [0 the UnitedStates was requested. but President Cleveland disapproved.Disappointed, the provisional government set up an inde-pendent republic. This functioned until 1898. Then anew move for annexation was made, and this time Con-gress ratified the treaty. President McKinley signed it,and Hawaii became American soi\. In rcoo, the OrganicAct made it a full-fledged Territory.

By that act Hawaii became an integral part of the United14


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States. (So from now on you'd better speak of the"Mainland.")

You have only to look around to see the result-c-one ofthe finest demonstrations anywhere of practical Ameri-canism. Democracy, to the Hawaiians, is taken sincerely.They practice it. And it works, knitting many people ofdifferent races together in a concerted effort to build abetter, freer, and happier life for all.

Nowhere in the Pacific do Asiatics live so well. Thereare many problems to be met, as there are back home; butthe people of Hawaii are tackling them as an Americandemocracy in an atmosphere of freedom and good wilLA striking example of what we're fighting for.

Progress on the Islands since the turn of the century hasbeen steady, but unspectacular. For example, in 1903 thebiggest event, red lettered in all the books, was the openingof the Hawaiian Tourist Bureau.

In 1910 a daring young man by the name of Bud Marsmade the first flight in Hawaii in an airplane.

The next 30 years saw the tourist boom. The swampsaround Waikiki were filled in. Hotels and apartmentswere built. Hawaiian music became the rage back on theMainland.

Life was placid and pleasant. It might have continuedthat way had it not been for December 7, 1941.Subsequent history? You'll help make it.

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HULA AND HULAYou've heard a lot about the Hula. Hawaii and the

Hula!Maybe you're oneof those gullible guys who saw

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glamorous movie stars swinging their sarongs, against agorgeous Hollywood tropical backdrop, and thought you'dfind a babe just like her under every palm tree.Well, you're going to see the real McCoy now. So it's a

good idea if you get rid of any notions you may have hadand learn the truth.First of all, the Hula is not a dance!"Not a dance," you say. "Then what is it?"T"he Hula is a style of dancing, or, if you wish, a

"school" of dancing.Before the white man came to the Islands, dancing was

a part of the religious. ritual of the natives. Each groupworked out its own routines. These were complicatedor simple to fit the occasion.There were cerernonial'Hulas and festival Hulas, Hulas

for fun and Hulas for funerals. There was even a type ofHula for the chubby folk who preferred to go throughthe movements while sitting down. But all the variousdance ceremonies worked out by all the groups wereknown as Hulas.Now, if you see a pretty Hawaiian girl wearing a grass

skirt and dancing some form of the Hula, go easy. Shemay be a graduate of the University of Hawaii with aPh. D. in-The Dance. Well, why not?18'

GOVERNMENT OF, BY, AND FORGovernment in Hawaii is pretty much like that hack

on the Mainland, with three big differences:First, the Governor is appointed by the President, hut

he can't be'a malihini. A malihini is a newcomer.Second, the people can't ballot in the Presidential

elections.Third, Hawaii, not being a state, lacks a vote in Con-

gress. But don't get the idea that it doesn't swing weightin Washington. It docs-through a Delegate who sits onvital House and Senate committees, and otherwise carriesthe banner for the Islands.Many of the people here favor statehood. After the war

you can expect a lot of discussion proand con. Whatever the outcome,Hawaii win continue to be a friendof the United States.As a Territory, Hawaii has its own

legislature. The Senators (15) andRepresentatives (30) are elected bythe various counties. They meet,pass the local laws, and send them upto the Governor, to be approved ordisapproved.

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If someone tells you the Governor is operating at the"old stand" in Honolulu, he simply means that the Capitolused to be a palace. King Kalakaua held court there, asdid his sister, Queen Liliuokalani.

You can remember the King's name by looking at thecorner signs on the avenue along Waikiki Beach. Youwon't have any trouble with the Queen's name either.Just remember that back on the Mainland they called her"Queen Lil." You also might like to remember thatQueen Liliuokalani was the composer of the hauntingHawaiian melody "Aloha De" which she adopted from anold American ballad entitled "The Lone Rock by the Sea."Her song has become one of the most popular tunes inthe United States.

When the United States annexed the Islands, all Ihetreaty signing was done in an elaborate building, sur-rounded by beautiful grounds, which you'll find in thecivic center of Honolulu. This is the lolani Palace. It'sa building worth seeing. , You can pick up some localhistory by looking over the paintings in the halls andchambers. You can see how the kings of Hawaii lived inthe days of the monarchy, and a glance at the woodworkwill show you what good craftsmen can do with thewood of koa and kou trees.

But don't expect to see any fancy titles on the doors2 0

in the Capitol or other government buildings. They'rethe usual American: Attorney General, Treasurer, andDirector of Institutions. There is even the Familiar D. A.

For the local angle, you can drop in on the TerritorialCircuit Courts (the President picks the judges), or theDistrict Courts (the Territorial Supreme Court names themagistrates), and see how justice is dispensed in a Terri-tory of the United States.

There's taxes, too. We warn you that the Tax Collectorwill enter your life if you buy one of the Islands' 78,000cars; which leads us to advise you to pick out a light one.The 13X is levied by the pound. Cars don't grow here.

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BUSINES5 AND INDUSTRY? YIES, INDEIEDI

Major industries on the Islands can be counted liketwms.

Up until 100 years ago, sugarcane in these parts wassimply chewing-gum-en-the-stalk. It just grew.

Then someone discovered that the word "sugar" meant2 4

money, and sugar refining began. From then on, it's beena growing industry.

A million tons' of sugar are produced each year on theIslands from a quarter-million acres, and bring in 50million dollars.

The 40 major plantations used to average a thousandworkers each, hut now are down to half that number;we ne~d guns more than sugar.

It takes about nine chunks of cane to get a chunk ofsugar. Plus a year and a half to two years for growing.Plus a lot of water for irrigation.

Refining is done on the Mainland, except for one plantat Aiea. If you're ever up that way (it's on Oahu), aguide will be glad to show you the process.

In addition to raising a lot of cane, the Islands do aright smart business in pineapples, which is surprisingwhen you consider that the pineapple wasn't a Hawaiianfruit at all.

Pineapple, Model 1493: In that year it seems that,having found America, Columbus discovered the pine.apple. But he discovered it on the Island of Guadaloupein the Caribbean Sea. Apparently he left it right wherehe found it until an Englishman named Kidwell importedthe Smooth Cayenne variety from Jamaica to Oahu.

That was in 1885 a.nd the industry has been slicing2 5


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right along ever since;20 million cases arepacked off 75 to 80thousand acres andbring in 50 milliondollars.

Eight big outfitsrun the show. Whenthey can get them,they hire more than30 thousand workers. -~-Right now they can't A l i i i ! I I ~ i ! ! t ! l ! ~ , . . :get that many.

Incidentally, don't leave the Islands without goingthrough a cannery. Just phone one of the larger ones andfind out what day you can come. The tour takes onlyabout 45 minutes-and you'll be served all the juice youcan drink.

After pineapples and sugar, come tourists. Pre-warthey contributed 10 million dollars a year. There's a lotof talk Roating around about the trade having been killedoff by the war. But that's strictly a false rumor.

Matter of fact, there are more visitors here than everbefore. Granted, most of them are wearing white or khakiuniforms, but they pack a lot of purchasing power.

Before Pearl Har-bor a lot of the so -journers came Out onthe big Pacific liners,successors to Capt.Bill Matson's schoon-er the "Emma Clau-dine" which first said"So long, 'Frisco; Hi,Hila" in 1882.After Pearl Har-bor-they still cameout on the big Pacificliners; temporarily under new management-c-U. S. N.

Right along in the "T" column with Tourists is Tuna.And there the war has hurt. In the "old days," sevenout of every ten tuna on your favorite grocer's shelf wereborn right here. After the [ap attack, the lid clampeddown. Now, Uncle has Jet a little commercial fishingresume, but not enough to excite even the tuna.

Another Hawaiian enterprise which you probably neversaw in the movies is cattle-raising. It doesn't begin tomatch sugar or pineapple production. But it's still im-portant, and sizable quantities of meat products, tallow,hides, and skins find their way to the Mainland.

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You've heard about carrying coals' to Newcastle? Notthat it has anything to do with the Army-

Except that, soldier, when you arrive in Hawaii, allfresh and snappy in your best GI CKC's, you're going tostand out just exactly like a chunk of coal in that OldEnglish mining town.

The Army has been established on the Hawaiian Islandsa long time. In fact two batteries of U. S. Artillerylanded here as far back as 1848. They were on their wayfrom Boston to Oregon by the long route around the Hornand dropped in for a friendly visit. When Hawaii becamepart of the United States, the Army became part of Hawaii.

When an army isn't moving it needs posts, camps, andstations. To solve the housing situation, Major GeneralSchofield came out to the Islands 72 years ago and madea survey. The Army has been busy building installationsever since. You'll probably be stationed at more than oneof them from time to time, so it will be well for you toknow what traditions lie behind the names they bear. .

Schofield Barracks is the biggest installation on theIslands. It was established in 1909 and was named inhonor of that same Maj. Gen. John McAllister Schofieldwho made the survey. He had commanded the Army ofthe Ohio in the Civil War.28

Fort Shafter was the first permanent post. Built in1906, it was named in honor of Maj. Gen. William R.Shafter, who led the United States Forces which freedCuba. Remember the Rough Riders, and San Juan Hill?

Fort Armstrong was named after Brig. Gen. Samuel'C. Armstrong, who hailed fromHawaii, battled with distinction inthe Civil War, and attained lastingfame as the founder of the HamptonInstitute in Virginia.

Fort De Russy bears the name ofBrig. Gen. Rene Edward De Russy,of the Corps of Engineers.

Maj. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger wasanother distinguished veteran of theboys in blue. His name was given tothe coast defense installations atDiamond Head.. F ort Kam, originally named Pert

Upton, after Gen. Emery Upton, wasrenamed in honor of as greet.' awarrior as the Islands have everknown, their own King Kameha-meha the Great.

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Luke Field, on Ford Island; honors the name of Lt.Frank Luke, an ace of World War I, who was broughtto earth behind the German lines after downing his 18thenemy plane and who shot it out with the ground troops'rather than surrender. He was a Texan who died withhis boots on. .

Wheeler Field honors Maj. Sheldon Wheeler, killedin a crash on Luke Field; and Lt. Col. Horace M. Hickam,who died in a crash at Fort Crockett, Texas, is honoredin the name of Hickam Field.Today the Army is entrusted with the safeguardingof Hawaii. It is the Army's job to make it a grim mis-take for any enemy force which tries to land on anyof these Islands. l.t is the Army's job to make the Islandsthe springboard for the leap to Tokyo. Which are goodpoints to bear in mind-because, soldier, you are the Army!

THE. NAVY

In 1843, the U. S. S. Constellation visited Honolulu.In 1845, the U. S. S. ConstiJution came here. Saluteswere fired to the Hawaiian Flag, and to King Kame.hameha III, whose Kingdom had been restored to himb~ the British Government. About this time, the Navydiscovered a harbor which would be big enough to Aoat3 0

the fleer. This harbor, famous for its pearl oyster beds,came to be known as Pearl Harbor.

Now; when anyone says Navy in Hawaii, lie meansPearl Harbor.

There arc other bases, of course. Such as the one atKanehohe, which is also on Oahu. But none of them canbegin to touch Pearl Harbor.

Back about 1887, the Navy first secured the rights toset up a repair station at Pear! Harbor. Then it went toCongress-and came out with ahundred thousand dollars.

The money was used to start thejob.

First, a coral bar had to b e am -pueared. It blocked the harbor en-trance. And a big drydock had tobe buill. More funds were asked,and granted. Work moved alongand the dock was about ready forbusiness in 1913 when hydrostaticpressure wrecked the foundation.

The Navy revised its .plans, gotback to work, and in 1919 brokeout a bottle of champagne for thededication.

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T~ date more than 50 million dollars have gone intomaking Pear! Harbor the world's finest naval base. It isone which not only the United States but Japan long willhave reason to remember.

THE MAItINE CORPS

As usual, the Marines were first to land. A hundredand thirty years ago Lieutenant Gamble, U. S. MarineCorps, landed on Hawaiian soil as commander of a prize3 2

ship captured in the War of 1812. As a contact man hewas a great success, winning from the Hawaiian peoplea lasting respect and friendship for the Marines.

Their first job on the Islands was in 1845, when Lieu-tenant Joseph Curtis, of the Marine Guard aboard "OldIronsides," made the Navy survey that showed PearlHarbor to be the best site for a naval base in the CentralPacific.

Seven years later, Marines came ashore to. help KingKamehameha III quell riots started by foreign sailors.They stayed awhile to train the King's troops. This prob-ably prevented an invasion of the Islands. A gang ofadventurers from the California mining camps had char.tered a ship tor the purpose,. out got cold-feet when theyfound-out what they were up against.

The Marines landed again in 1874, 1889, and 1893, toquell riming, and each time they achieved success withoutbloodshed because of the respect the people had for theLeathernecks.' ,

In 1898, the Marines took part in the ceremonies thatraised the Stars and Snipes over the Hawaiian Islands. In1904, they established a shore station and moved in to stay.Today the Marines are regarded as kamaainas (whichmeans they are nor only old-timers, but are a part of Hawaiiitself).

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THE: COAST QU".DSome time ago you discovered that a sailor with a small

shield just over the cuff of his right sleeve is a CoastGuardsman.

Established 1790, the Coast Guard is Uncle Sam's oldestseagoing service, and all over the 'Pacific they're going tosea. They landed Marines at Tulagi during the first Solo-mons attack. They helped to seize Amchitka and Kiskain the Aleutians. They landed soldiers and marines andequipment on the beachheads of the Gilberts and theMarshalls.

The Coast Guard now operates under the Navy, and itsjob never ceases. It provides port anti water-front securitypatrols on shore and afloat. It operates cutters and patrolboats on war missions. It works 24 hours a day perfecting

methods of rescue and life-saving under war conditions,and runs a training stationhere, where are learned allthe tricks of the Service forduties at sea and ashore.

The Coast Guard is animportant part of the com-bat team which is advanc-ing us all to attack.

Girls are scarce -in Hawaii. When you've been off theboat for as long as 23 minutes, you'll find that telephonenumbers here carry the same classification as war plans.They're marked "Secret' and kept in money belts.If, by hook or crook, you latch on to a few numbers

besides the laundryman's (and his isn't as easy to get asyou might think), you may wind up with a date. If

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this miracle occurs, the twoof you can go swimming,walk, take in a movie, ordance. If you're number-less, you can still go swim.ming, walk, or take in amovie.

Which is to say that auniform here is about asnovel as a light bulb ina pre-war sign on TimesSquare. And there simply

aren't enough wahines(gals) to go around.

Sooner or later(sometimes soonerthan a week, some-

times later) you'llget around to what

philosophers call "Ac-ceptance."

You won't have any trou-ble knowing when you've"accepted." It's the mghtyou decide that what you

really need more than anything else ,in life is a doublemalted, chocolate Haver.

Having "accepted," you can settle down to having agood time in your off-duty hours, because the Army knowsthe situation even better than you do, and is doing plentyabout it. jt has established a big Special Service Officewhich devotes its full time to seeing that you have ampleopportunities for recreation.

Recreation means refreshment after toil or weariness.It means pastime, diversion, or play. The Special ServicesDivision helps out on your recreation and athletic pro-grams, operates your Army Library Service, and the PostExchange. Special Services and the Signal Corps worktogether to bring you medon pictures. U. S. O. showstoo are sent around by this outfit.

Another organization, the Information and EducationDivision, is designed to lend help to you in your moreserious interests, especially about the issues and progressof the war. YANK, Armed Forces Radio Service, Orien-tation and Educational programs are a few of the thingswhich come under this office of the War Department.If you're interested in swimming, dancing, seeing

movies, sightseeing (on Oahu or the other islands), down-ing a bit of chow or drink of beer, shooting pool, playinggolf, tennis or ping-pong, enjoying a concert of good jive

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or classical records, or doing anything else to relax andenjoy life-cget up and go. Find out where the recreationcenters are and make good. use of them.

But suppose you're one of those who know that aneducation is as good as money in the bank? PerhapsPearl Harbor caught you right -berween your senior yearand a diploma, and you want to use some of your sparetime to catch up with your education. The Army canfix that, too.

Right here in Hawaii is a fully equipped branch ofthe U. S. Armed Forces Institute. USAFI can arrange acorrespondence course that will make it possible (or you toearn credits at your high school or college back home andkeep abreast of the education that was temporarily halted.If it's a business course or technical training you want,USAFJ can fix you up with that, too.

Get in touch with your Information and Educationofficer and he will tell you how to go about it. If dutyallows, you can arrange for group classes with the useof self-teaching texts that are turned out by the USAF!.They're good stuff, and we hear that foreign languagelessons can be fun in off-duty hours, the way they're doledout through a phonograph record for the crowd to repeatin chorus.3 8

"WELL ",ND 5.....1:. LDVE"Y o u C an W r i t e . . . Once you've arrived in Hawaii.

you'll want to get off letters telling the people back homewhere you are and what it's like.

Right then is where you run into one of the' mos~ mis-understood individuals who ever saved a soldier's. life orhelped to win a battle. You know how it feels, now, tohope that your transport won't be sunk b.y a submarine--,by now you can find plenty of old-timers who can tell youhow fervently you'll pray that any attack you may beconcerned in will catch the enemy with his pants far fromup. Well, that's where the CENSOR comes in. Censoris an old Roman word meaning censor. It's his job toknow just what information the Nazis or the Nips wouldlike to have about our war plans, and to prevent thatinformation getting out and' about. To do that he's gotto look for it everywhere. So he scrutinizes all cern-munications which leave this area. (Scrutinizes meansscrutinizes. All means all. Communications means althat's "written and transcribed.")

At first you may not like it. You'll say, "my folks knowthe score. They won't spill anything they shouldn't."

The answer to that is, sure they won't-coot intentionally.But you know how we Americans like to talk. And

the Axis knows it, and is listening. That's why a word3


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dropped ov.er a coke in a Sheboygan drugstore, ~Ius aname mentioned on a Charleston street corner, may addup to a grim finish for some of your friends on an islandbeach.

So you can see w hy you can't discuss the activities ofunits when you write, or give the exact location of yourown. Why you can't name any ships, not even the oneyou came over on. Or tell when they sailed ,or whenthey docked. Why you can't mention the number ofmen who are with you. Why you can't say you're sta-tioned at Schofield, or Armstrong, or Ruger,. or any of.the other posts. Why, in short, you have to lay-ofl themilitary when you're writing home.

You'll have a couple of talks b y your Censor on whatyou can write about, and you'll find it's plenty. Youmay be assigned to duties or sent to places where you'llt, ~~d:~.d:~~~:~n ~::~i~t~::~t f J J ing which you can't locateyourself m letters home anymore specifically than as"somewhere in the Pacific."

But if you're not under suchrestrictions, you can comeright out and say you're in

4 0

Hawaii. You can say you went toHonolulu on your last pass, swam atWaikiki, had a few beers at Maluhai.You can describe your dull love life,or tell of all the exciting afternoonsyou spend in the Public Library.

A good technique is simply to for-get you're in the .Army and .I,imityour writing to strictly non-militarysubjects. Once you get the hangof it, you'll be turning out longand interesting letters and relievingthe Censor of, a job of editing,which he doesn't like any better than you do.

Y o u C a n W i r e . . . If you're slow on the letter writing,It's a good idea to keep the folks from worrying by send-ing them a cablegram as soon as you are allowed to letthem know you're here. Your GI post office has stockmessages (Expeditionary Force Messages) that will say,almost anything you want. And for only 75 cents. (Selfcomposed wires come higher and also have to be censored.}

Y o u 'C a n P h o n e . . . If you get too lonesome for thesound of a certain voice, and your communications aren'trestricted, and you're still in the first Rush of pay-day

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prosperity, you can take a whirl at the rrnns-Pacific radiotelephone.

You just have to check in with the Base Censor, fillout a form which asks who you're calling, why, and whatthe topic of your conversation will be , have it approvedby your Unit Commander, and put in your call. Pick upblanks at Base Censor's office or at the Mutual TelephoneBuilding. At either place they will answer any questions.

The cost? A j-minure call varies from 10 dollars(West Coast) to 16 dollars (East Coast). If it's the wrongside of pay day you can reverse the charges.

M a y b e 'You C a n L e a r n . . . By visiting the libraries andmuseums and civil center, and gardens, countrysides andvillages, by getting to know the people and listening totheir tales, you can learn to know the legends, [he historyand personalities of the Islands, their trees and mountainsand natural wonders so well that Hawaii will soon cease tobe a strange place 10 you. It will become a part of America,full of wonders to enjoy and of friends with new anddifferent viewpoints, brought from the four corners ofthe world. Once you have learned to know Hawaii, thekindly sound of ALOHA will get under your skin andstay with you wherever you may go.

W h a t E l s e C a n Y o u D o ? , . , Wdl, here are three little4 2

words, three little matters to think about, even in blueHawaii. But their importance is Army-wide.

H you just like to sit around and shoot the breeze inyour spare time, that's good. It's Army. It's that oldrefrain, the G. J. Bull Session.

But take it easy on RUMORS, and remember aboutMILITARY SECURITY.

In Hawaii, you are at one of the busiest wartime cross-roads. You might pick up a lot ot so.


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Well, there are rules to follow. They all add up togood sense. All you have to do is to take heed. Stayclean; stay in good shape; the result is simple, bur good.You are in good health.

You won't usually get sick if you take care of yourself.For example, it you catch venereal disease, the finger

points right at yo uThe best way to avoid gonorrhea and syphilis is to re-

frain from sexual iruercc.Irse outside of marriage. If at anytime you fail to live up to this code, be sure to make fulluse of all the Army prophylactic materials (pro kits) and.facilities (pro stations) which are provided for your use.

Y o u C a n S a v e S o m e D o u g h . . . Storing up good healthmeans that you are saving up something that will bevaluable to you after the war. Putting away some of yourpay each month will also mean something later. Mostlyit is your own business, like your health, and the last deci-sions are- yours for keeps.

Adding up all the things you do for yourself today andtomorrow in Hawaii, along with what you are doing forthe Islands and for the Mainland, you can feel right proudto be so much in the swing of things. From these mid-Pacific beauty spots, halfway between America and. Asia,you'll be glad to write home "Well, safe, and love."4 4

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Documents

Pocket Guide to Hawaii