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policy should also be reflected in district planning. Note that
in many developing
countries, funding of most district activities is still decided
centrally.
Table 1: Planning at national and district level
Planning level Focus Example
National level:
Strategic planning
Overall objectives; national inputs to
achieve objectives; procedures
Make school eye screening part of the
national programme; subsidize
standard spectacles for children
District level:
Operational planning
Activities based on local needs;
optimal utilization available resources
Train teachers to screen school aged
10-15 children for refractive errors
In addition to eye-care services provided by the government
sector, such services
are also provided byNGOsand private practitioners. Even
non-health sectors can
contribute to effective eye-care services, such as the district
administration,
schoolteachers (e.g. eye screening in schools, trachoma control,
eye health
education) and local volunteers.
It is essential to involve all participating parties in the
planning process. Cooperation
and collaboration during the planning stage can avoid
duplication and will increase
the efficiency of the available eye-care services in all
sectors.
Three Planning Concepts
The essence of strategic planning can be summed up with three
concepts
Concept 1: Organisations need a planning architecture.
A planning architecture is an overview of how different planning
processes fit together.It identifies:
different types of plan
the time horizon of each
when they have to be completed
time allowed for preparing the plan
the frequency of updating
who is responsible
how the different plans fit together.
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