Fundamental Concepts of Strategic Planning

DEM 734 - Seminar in Strategic Planning and Institutional Effectiveness

Presented by:

Maria leonora e.vinoya

Strategic planning  > is an organization's process

of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy.

Generally, strategic planning deals with at least one of three key questions:

"What do we do?" "For whom do we do it?" "How do we excel?“

The managerial process of developing and maintaining a viable link between the organization’s objectives and resources and its environmental opportunities.

1.1 Definition of Plan, Planning, and Educational Planning1.2 Educational Development1.3 Nature and Scope of Planning1.4 Long Term, Medium Term and

Short Term Planning

1.5 Rolling Plan and Single Purpose Plan1.6 Physical and Economic Planning 1.7 Allocative and Innovative

Planning1.8 Different Approaches to Educational Planning

- a detailed proposal for doing or achieving something.

- decide on or arrange in advance.

is the formal process of making decisions for the future of individuals and organizations.

Dealing on aims and objectives Selecting to correct strategies and

program Determining and allocating the resources

required Ensuring that plans are communicated to

all concerned.

It does this by helping you to:

Decide how and where to set priorities

Decide how to accomplish not only your short-range goals, but also your medium and long-range goals.

Cont….

Build on the strong and successful parts of the program, as well as to identify and improve the weak parts.

Reach agreement in the school community about what to do and how to do it.

WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS

NOT

It is organized thinking It is the setting of

priorities in the use of resources

It is trying to anticipate the future

It is involving those affected by the results of planning and opening communication channels

It is not merely writing a plan or filling out forms

It is not using steps or processes that don’t work

It is not involving people without considering their ideas

It is not deciding what to do without figuring out how it will happen

WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS

WHAT A GOOD PLANNING PROCESS IS NOT

It is adapting and modifying steps or processes until they work for you.

It is using leadership to motivate people and to coordinate their ideas.

It is reflecting on what has been planned already and how it is working.

It includes the periodic recording of planning decisions for future reference.

It is not letting the program guide and coordinate utself.

OPERATIONAL PLANNINGINTERMEDIATE PLANNINGCONTINGENCY PLANNINGSTRATEGIC PLANNING

What is OPERATIONAL Planning ? short-range planning that deals with day-

to-day maintenance activities

Performed at a unit or departmental level

Done as part of the overall strategic planning

What is INTERMEDIATE Planning ? a planning that is usually done in the middle of the fiscal year

process: mid-year appraisal followed by affirming ongoing plans and setting forth new plans for the rest of the year

What is CONTINGENCY Plan?

managing the problems that interfere with

getting work done

could be reactive or proactive

What is STRATEGIC Planning? is defining and prioritizing long-term plans

that includes examining an organization’s purpose, mission, philosophy and goals in the light of its external environment

it is proactive and future-oriented, focuses on a

3-5 year operation of the organization

it generally aims at creating an image of the desired future and design ways to make

plans a reality

Identification and examination of future opportunities, threats,

and consequences

The process of analyzing the environment and

developing compatible objectives along with the

appropriate strategies with policies capable of

achieving those objectives

Integration of the various elements of

planning into an overall structure of plans so that each unit of the

organization knows in advance what must be

done when and by whom

Strategic

planning

Scope of strategic planning (from: ANN MARRINER TOMEY)

• External assessment• Internal assessment• Priority issues and programs• Vision, mission, values, philosophy

• Goals: >strategic – organization>operational – division, unit• Objectives• Strategies >timelines >plans• Policies and procedures• Implementation• Evaluation

(Source: MARQUIS & HUSTON, KELLY-HEIDENTHAL, & TOMEY)

1.Analyze the organization’s internal and external environment (SWOT analysis)

2.Conduct a stakeholder assessment3.Define the purpose of the organization4.Clarify values important to the organization5.Set the goals and objectives

6.Communicate the goals and objectives to the constituents

7.Identify strategies – set time lines and tasks

8.Estimate and allocate resources

9.Develop and communicate a marketing or business plan

10.Establish a system for the implementation and monitoring of policies, procedures, and rules

11.Establish a system for exchanging information and building consensus

12. Provide a mechanism for evaluation

The process of making arrangements or preparations to facilitate the training, instructions or study that leads to the acquisition of skills or knowledge, or the development of reasoning or judgment.

Clarification of Educational Objectives Diagnosis of present conditions and

recent trends Assessment of alternatives Translation of plans into action Evaluation and Adjustment

o Pre-planning Stageo Planning Stageo Diagnosiso Formulation of Policyo Assessment of Future Needso Costing of Needs

o Target Settingo Feasibility Testingo Plan Formulationo Plan Elaborationo Plan Implementationo Plan Evaluation, Revision and Re-

planning

o Pre-planning Stage Precedes the actual planning exercise.

o Planning Stage The preparatory step A systematic activity which determines

when, how and who is going to perform a specific job.

o Diagnosis Constitutes an unavoidable part of the plan

execution process.

o Formulation of Policy The development of effective and

acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed in the agenda.

o Assessment of Future Needs Policy-makers need also to address the

issues of which implies the improving the knowledge about the expectations and behaviors of workers.

o Costing of Needs Provides guidance and practical advice on

preparing costing information and is based on a consistent approach.

o Target Setting Involves establishing SMART goals. Provides a sense of direction and purpose

o Feasibility Testing Brings in a series of practical constraints Helps to integrate ethical considerations

with other aspects of decision

o Plan Formulation Is a repetitive The process of identifying alternative plans

that achieve a set of planning objectives.

o Plan Elaboration Involves the execution of plan

o Plan Implementation Decide on how they are going to

implement a project, which is the strategy.

o Plan Evaluation, Revision and Re-planning Sort of cyclical process

1. Planning is purposeful Is a means towards the accomplishment of

objectives Planning has no meaning unless it

contributes to the achievement of desired goals.

2. Planning is a primary function Is the basis of management process. Without planning there is nothing to

organize, no one to actuate and no need to control.

1. Planning is an intellectual process.

Is a mental process involving imagination, foresight, and sound judgment.

2. Planning is a continuous process Is an ongoing and dynamic exercise.

1. Planning is forward looking. Involves looking ahead and preparing

for the future.

2. Planning involves choices. Involves a careful evaluation of

various alternatives to select the most appropriate alternative.

1. Planning is an integrated process

Is a structured process and different plans constitute a hierarchy.

Plan of 10-20 years or even 25 years.

Plans of 4-7 years, prepared against the back drop of a long term perspective plan, have operationally proved to be the most efficient.

Plan of 1-3 years This needs to be adopted only as an

inevitable alternative to medium term planning and that , too, on an emergency basis.

That ends my report. Thank you

for listening attentively.

Good Day!!!Happy Listening.