Planning, analysis and design of multi-storey building A

Planning, analysis and design of multi-storey

building – A novel comparative approach Ali Hammad#1, Gaurav Gunwant#2, Pallavi Chaurasia#3, Mridula#4

#Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract— In today’s world of growing population where the

land is comparatively less available, multi-storey buildings are

constructed to overcome the problem of limited area. The

objective of this study is to investigate the seismic behaviour of

the structure for residential building by plan, analyse and design

a (G+4) multi-storeyed building using different software. The

study assumed that the building is located in seismic zone V

(Chamoli region).The study involves the selection of adequate

region in chosen zone V with their coordinates specified and

other operation as specifying the contours and rivers in the

region using Arc-GIS, floor planning of building is done using

AutoCAD, architectural and structural modelling is done in

Autodesk Revit and building frame is analysis using STAAD-Pro.

The limit state method of design has been adopted.

Keywords: STAAD--Pro, ARC-GIS, REVIT, Multi-storey

building, Limit state Method.

I. INTRODUCTION

Building construction is the engineering that

deals with the construction of buildings such as

residential houses. A simple building can be defined

as an enclosed space by walls with roof, food, cloth

and the basic needs of human beings. In the early

ancient times humans lived in caves, over trees or

under trees, to protect themselves from wild

animals, rain, sun, etc. As the times passed; human

beings started living in huts made of timber

branches. Buildings are an important indicator of

social progress of the county. Every human has a

desire to own comfortable homes.

A building frame consists of a number of bays and

storeys. A multi-storey, multi-panelled frame is a

complicated statically indeterminate structure. The

study assumed that the building is located in seismic

zone V (Chamoli region). The study involves the

selection of adequate region in chosen zone V with

their coordinates specified and other operation as

specifying the contours and rivers in the region

using Arc-GIS, floor planning of building is done

using AutoCAD, architectural and structural

modelling is done in Autodesk Revit and building

frame is analysed using STAAD Pro and the design

is done using the same software. The building is

subjected to both the vertical loads as well as

horizontal loads. The vertical load consists of dead

load of structural components such as beams,

columns, slabs etc. and live loads. The horizontal

load consists of the wind forces, thus building is

designed for dead load, live load and wind load as

per IS 875 and seismic load using IS:1893(Part 1)-

2002 Indian Standards Criteria for Earthquake

Resistant Design of Structures: Part 1 General

Provisions and Buildings and IS:4326-1993Indian

Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant

Design and Construction of Buildings. The building

is designed as a two-dimensional vertical frame and

analyzed for the maximum and minimum bending

moments and shear forces by trial and error methods

as per IS 456-2000.

II. SOFTWARE USED

This project is mostly based on software and it is

essential to know the details about these software’s.

List of software’s used

1. ARCGIS for Surveying

2. AUTOCAD for Drafting.

3. REVIT Structure for Building Information

Modelling

The Engineering Journal of Application & Scopes, Volume 5, Issue 2, Dec 2020 ISSN No. 2456-0472

29

4. STAAD PRO for Design and Analysis.

5. STAAD FOUNDATION for Design and

Analysis.

III. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SOFTWARE’S USED:

A. Data Manipulation and Editing

Various softwares such ARCGIS, AutoCAD,

STAAD-PRO, SAP-2000 and Revit are used for

manipulating and data editing.

In this work, Arc-GIS which is a geographic

information system is used to map the coordinates

regarding the best possible site for building

construction is made along with some important

data regarding contours, topography, seismological

data using this software. Indication of all possible

plans and elevations of the building are done using

AUTOCAD software. Revit Software is specifically

built for Building Information Modelling (BIM),

empowering design and construction professionals

to bring ideas from concept to construction with a

coordinated and consistent model-based approach.

In this work, modelling is done using this software

to gives a view of the building interior.

B. Design and Analysis

• SAP 2000: - SAP2000 is software available

for design and analysis of structures.

• STAAD Pro: - Bentley System's STAAD

PRO is software for designing and analysis

of a structure which is opted by many

professionals in construction field.

In this work, this has been used to find the shear

force and deflection in corresponding members.

IV. STUDY AREA

For this study Chamoli District in Uttarakhand was

selected. The reasons for choosing Chamoli region

are [1], [2]

• Entire Chamoli district lies in seismic zone V as

per studies from past earthquakes. There is no

region in Chamoli district which lies in any

other seismic zone as with other districts.

• A lot of data regarding earthquakes in this

region can be easily obtained from the studies

made by different researchers (including factors

considered, parameters evaluated, images of

observed damages etc.) as there has been a lot of

study on this region.

• Due to this reason, any seismological data of

Chamoli region can be easily obtained.

Geomorphology and Soil Type

Chamoli district comprises of high hills and

mountains with very narrow valleys, deep gorges

having very high gradient. The northern, north-

western, eastern and north-eastern part of the district

comprises Tethyan Himalaya with snow covered

throughout the year.

Hydro geologically, Chamoli district may be

divided into two, viz.

(1) Alluvium

(2) Hard rocks

Foundation and soil condition

Geologically, Indian soils can broadly be divided

into two main types:

a) Soils of peninsular India and

b) Soils of extra-peninsular India.

Foundations are recommended based on the

different soil types which are provided

For rocks, hard sound chalk, sand and gravel, sand

and gravel with little clay content, and dense silty

sand. Recommended foundation types

The following types of foundations are suitable for

this type of soil:

a) Strip foundation

b) Pad foundation

c) Raft foundation.

d) strip footing

Following factors are taken into account while

foundation type is selected:

a) Minimum depth of 450mm shall be used for

foundation if the area prone to frost so as to

protect the foundation.

b) Strip or trench base shall be kept above

groundwater table if possible.

c) Engineer shall be aware of running sand

conditions.

d) Sand slopes possibly eroded by surface water,

so protect foundation by perimeter drainage.

e) Weathered rock needs to be evaluated upon

inspection

f) Engineer shall be aware of swallow holes in

chalks.

V. BUILDING SPECIFICATION

Following specifications are taken into account

while designing and analysis of the building [3]-

[10]

Planning Specification

Type of building: Residential Building

Plinth Area: 880 sq. feet


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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system

Ground floor area: 960 sq. feet

First floor area: 960 sq. feet

Height of building: 16.192 m

Height of first storey: 4 m

Height of each storey other than first: 3.048 m

Number of apartments on single floor: 4

Total number of apartments: 20

Wall thickness:

Outer wall: 9’

Inner wall: 4.5’

Wall type

Outer wall: brick masonry

Inner wall:brick masonry

Floor type: concrete flooring

Stair case:

Dimensions: 6 x 8 m

Riser: 0.15m

Tread: 0.30 m

No. of risers: 22

Structural Specification[11]

Beam Dimensions

at Plinth level: 230 x 230 mm

at floor level: 230 x 520 mm

Column size

Outer columns: 450 x 450 mm

Inner columns: 300 x 300 mm

Slab thickness: 120 mm

Type of foundation: Raft foundation

Depth of foundation: 1.5 m

Type of soil: As per IS 1893 Part 1- 2002II

Allowable bearing pressure: 200 KN/m2

Structure type: R.C. MRF Building

Type of frame: Ordinary R.C.

Moment Frame

Loads

Dead load (Members): As per IS 456-2000

Dead load (Slab): 3.5 KN/m2

Live load (Slab): 4 KN/m2

Dead load (Terrace): 5.5 KN/m2

Live load (Terrace): 1.5 KN/m2

all load (outer wall): (wall thickness x height of

floor x density of bricks)

Wall load (inner wall):

Earthquake load As per IS 1893 Part I - 2016

Wind load: As per IS 875 Part III - 2002

Zone factor: 0.36

Importance factor: 1.2

Response Reduction Factor: 3

Self-weight factor: 1

Damping Ratio: 5%

Design Specification

Grade of concrete:

Beams, Columns, Lifts And Stair Case: M30

Slab: M25

Foundation: M35

Grade of steel– Reinforcement:

Longitudinal: Fe 500

Stirrups ties: Fe250

VI. METHODOLOGY

Digital Elevation model from the Bhuvan (An

Indian Geo-platform of ISRO) [12] is used for

generation the contour map for the Chamoli region.

Fig. 1 shows the contour map for the same

generated at the contour interval of 1000m. This

map is useful for studying the elevations of the

study area as it is mainly having the hilly terrain.

Fig. 1 Contour Map of the Chamoli District (Courtesy: Bhuvan, ISRO)

Sites are considered within the Chamoli district,

as shown in Fig.2 and as mentioned in Table 1

Fig. 2 Coordinates of the Sites considered for designing the building

TABLE I

COORDINATES OF THE SITES CONSIDERED FOR STUDY WITHIN CHAMOLI

REGION


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S.No. Latitude oE Longitude oN

1. 79 31

2. 80 31

3. 80 31

4. 79 31

5. 79 31

6. 80 31

7. 80 31

8. 79 31

Rivers of the Chamoli district are also considered.

A number of rivers as listed herewith flow from and

within district Chamoli.

• Alaknanda

• Pindar

• Nandakini

• Dhauliganga

• Rishiganga

• Saraswati

• Pushpawati

From Fig.3 it is evident that major river in the study

area is the Alaknanda river.

Fig. 3 Map showing rivers of the Chamoli District (Survey of India)

The region chosen is adjacent to rivers Alaknanda

and Dhauli Ganga.[13],[14]

The epicentre of the Chamoli earthquake of 1999 as

shown in Fig. 4 and isoseismals of the same as

shown in Fig. 5 are considered the region.

Fig. 4 Epicentre of the Chamoli earthquake of 1999 (30.408°N 79.416°E)

Fig. 5 Isoseismals of the Chamoli earthquake of 1999 (GSI Seismotectonic

Atlas)

The structure is now designed in AutoCAD, rendered in Revit and loads

are assigned in STAAD-PRO, as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8

respectively.


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Fig. 6 Plans of the building (Ground, First, second, third and fourth floor),

designed in Autocad

Fig 7 Rendering of the structure in Revit

Dead Loads:

Live Loads:

Seismic Load:

Fig. 8 Deal Load, Live Load and Seismic Load applied in Staad Pro, Wind

Load: Wind load analysis is not done for the height of 10 m building.

VII. RESULTS

Following results were obtained for the Seismic

Analysis, Codes ([11], [15])

1. Number of joints=581

2. Number of members=1230

3. Number of plates=185

4. Number of solids=0

5. Number of surfaces=0

6. Number of supports=83

7. Total primary load cases = 4

8. Total degrees of freedom = 3237

9. Total load combination cases = 0

10. Time Period For X 1893 loading = 0.646 sec

11. Sa/g as per IS 1893= 1.546, load for= 1.000

12. Vb per 1893= 0.1113 X 7758685.00=

863429.00 KN

13. VB Act Based on Clause 7.2.1 = 863429.00

KN

14. VB Min based on Clause 7.2.2 = 186208.44

KN

WEIGHT AND BASE SHEAR SUMMARY

1. Time period for Z 1893 loading = 0.64698 sec

2. Sa/g per 1893= 1.546,

3. Load factor= -1.0

4. Vb per 1893= 0.1113 x 7758685.00= -

863429.00 kn

5. Vb act based on clause 7.2.1 = -863429.00 kn

6. Vb min based on clause 7.2.2 = -186208.44 kn

7. Lateral load (KN) -34139.199 KN

8. Torsional moment (KN-m)= 0

DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOAD ANALYSIS

1. Number of Joints = 581

2. Number of Members= 1230

3. Number of Plates= 185

4. Number of Solids = 0

5. Number of Surfaces= 0

6. Number of Supports= 83

7. Total Primary Load Cases =3

8. Total Degrees Of Freedom = 3237

9. Total Load Combination Cases = 4

10. Actual Weight of The Structure = 11142.488

KN

11. Member Load – Total Unfactored Weight of

The Structure = 7758682.000 KN

12. Total Unfactored Weight of The Structure

Applied = 11142.488 KN

VIII. CONCLUSIONS

Mapping using software’s like ARC GIS provides

contours, site, rivers, epicentral information and

other important information to completely describe

a location. Revit software provides with rendering

and detailing ease. Designing using Software’s like

STAAD reduces a lot of time in design work.

Details of each and every member, failed beams and

better section can be obtained using STAAD Pro.

The mapping, planning, analytical and designing

observations are completed, so that one can evaluate

the reactions of a G+4 RCC construction. The

structure is designed using IS: 456:2000 and IS


33

1893:2016 codes. The elongation and orientation of

isoseismal indicate that the rupture may have

occurred on a low angle fault. This has been taken

into consideration. Non-compliance to earthquake-

resistant construction features, were responsible for

majority of structural damage. Hence, we propose

compliance to earthquake resistance through

retrofitting. Poor construction practices for locally

available building materials were also responsible

for structural damage in the area. Hence, better

practises are used with strong construction.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is our privilege to express our deep sense of

gratitude and indebtedness to, Department of Civil

Engineering, College of Engineering Roorkee,

Roorkee for providing all the necessary support

throughout the study.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Manish, D.C. Rai, J. Naryan, and Josodhir Das. "The March 29,

1999 earthquake at Chamoli, India." In Proceedings of the Twelfth

World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Upper Hutt, NZ: New

Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 8p. 2000.

[2] A. K. Mahajan, and N. S. Virdi, "Macroseismic field generated by 29

March, 1999 Chamoli earthquake and its seismotectonics." Journal of

Asian Earth Sciences, vol.19, no. 4, pp. 507-516, 2001.

[3] S. Chauhan, M. Sharma, and M.K. Arora, "Landslide susceptibility

zonation of the Chamoliregion, Garhwal Himalayas, using logistic

regression model." Landslides 7, no. 4, pp. 411-423, 2010.

[4] Sarvade, Shivaji. "Analysis and design of (G+ 7) RCC building using

time history analysis method." Bulletin of Earthquake

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[5] W.K., M.Y.,S.K. and Pal, I.,Mohanty,Walling, Nath, 2007. “First order

seismic microzonation of Delhi.”, India using geographic information

system (GIS). Natural Hazards, 40(2), pp.245-260.

[6] A.,A.N.,Z. and Ali, Q.,Naseer, Khan, Hussain, 2010, “Observed

seismic behavior of buildings in northern Pakistan during the 2005

Kashmir earthquake.” Earthquake Spectra, 26(2), pp.425-449.

[7] S.,G.V.S. and AdiseshuSiva Prasad,2013, “A Comparative Study Of

OMRF & SMRF Structural System for Tall & High Rise Buildings

Subjected to Seismic Load.” Int J Res EngTechol, 2(9), pp.239-250.

[8] A.S.,A.I.H. and Al-Shatnawi,Malkawi, 1997. “A step towards

evaluation of the seismic response reduction factor in multistorey

reinforced concrete frames.” Natural Hazards, 16(1), pp.65-80.

[9] M. and Shah, M.,S.K.,K.,Jain, Mitra, Kumar, 2010, “A proposed rapid

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[10] S. Komal Meshram, Samiksha Kumbhare, Sagar Thakur, Diksha Mate,

Amit Moundekar, Raksha Waghmare. "Seismic Analysis of Building

Using Staad-Pro." International Journal of Innovations in Engineering

and Science, vol. 4, no. 5, 2019.

[11] Code of practice for design loads for building and structure: IS 875 –

1987, BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS, NEW DELHI.IS – 875

(PART 1): CODE FOR DEAD LOADS IS – 875(PART 2): CODE

FOR IMPOSED LOADS; IS – 875(PART 3): CODE FOR WIND

LOADS.

[12] K.Hari Prasad, P.Praveen Reddy, V. Satish kumar,B.Sandeep Reddy

project report entitled “Analysis and design of multistory(G+6)

residential building using Staad Pro.”International Journal of

Engineering Development and Research (www.ijedr.org) © IJEDR

2019, vol. 7, Issue 3 | ISSN: 2321-9939

[13] S.,Khanduri, 2018,“Landslide Distribution and Damages during 2013

Deluge: A Case Study of Chamoli District, Uttarakhand. J Geogr Nat

Disast, 8(226).” pp.2167-0587.

[14] Dhruv Danday,FaleshNand, Gaurav Sharda, Gorish Dhingraand

Gurdeep Singh,“Analysis And Design Of Multi-Storey Building (G+3)

Using Staad Pro.”

[15] Code of practice for earthquake Resistance design of structures: IS

1893(PART 1):2002, BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDERDS, NEW

DELHI.IS CODES: IS 456-2000 (Design of RCC structural elements);

IS 875-Part 1 (Dead Load); IS 875-Part 2 (Live Load); SP-16 (Depth

and Percentage of Reinforcement); SP-34 (Detailing)


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Documents

Planning, analysis and design of multi-storey building A