PIA 2501

ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

GrassrootsOrganizations

CivicEducationLand

RuralIndustries

RuralCredit

Governance /Democracy

Communicationand

Support

NGOsWomen’s Focused

GroupsTarget Group

Decentralization and Civil Society

State Societal Linkages

Central State - Macro

Civil Society - Micro

Weak Strong

State-Weak Strong

Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State

SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE

Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Weak Strong

Mezzo-Intermediate

Civil Society--Review

Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests

"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Hegal)

Civil Society Review

"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)

Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

Civil Society

NGOs, CBOs, PVOs: Who do they represent?

Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)

GroupsRole of ethnicity, religion and class, vs.

individual rights

Civil Society Privatization as an issue

Corporatism vs. Clientelism

Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom)

Establishing the rule of law Roman vs. Common Law What is the role of the individual

PIA 2501

Break

NGOs

THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

NGOs--The Nature of the Beast Non-Profits vs. For Profits Not for Profits- More value directed Private Voluntary

Organizations(PVOs) Community Based

Organizations (CBOs) Foundations

NGOs- The Nature of the Beast

Civic Associations

Interest Groups

Quangos

Trade Unions

Religious Organizations

Five Caveats

Usually excludes “for profits”

Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits

Includes both International and Local

Internationals are not universally loved

Caveats

Very often internationals are religious or charity based

Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

Types of “Development” NGOs

Philanthropy

Relief and Welfare Societies

Public Service Contractors

Populist based development agencies (national)

Types of “Development” NGOs

Grassroots associations (local or village based)

Advocacy groups

Public Service Contractors

Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

War, Drought, Agricultural FailureFocus on Rural Development

Human RightsFocus on Governance

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage

Cost-effectiveSmall but efficient

Innovative

Staff loyalty and commitment

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

NGOs--Perceived Advantage

• Ideologically compatible with Development values

• Links with poor

• Image of populism

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Lack of local legitimacy

Donor driven

Inefficiency

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—WeaknessesAmateurism

Leadership and continuity problemsStaffing problems

Self-serving-own objectivesFaith Based

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster International NGOs—Weaknesses

Fixation on projectsProblems of replication

Lack of perceived accountability

Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster

International NGOs—Weaknesses

Tensions with government institutionsPolitically threatening

Ties with existing local elites

Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

Group Discussion--Civil Society and Democracy in...

Latin America--South

Eastern Europe

Asia

Africa

“Mini Discussion”Development, Social Beliefs & Civil Society

Kushwant Singh, “Last Train” Norman Rush, “Bruns”

The Nature of the Outsider Mahasweta Devi, “Dhowli”

The Untouchables of the World Naipaul

Believers, UnbelieversSecular vs. Religious Views of the World

“Winner” of the Day

V.S. NaipaulNobel Prize for Literature, 2001

DiscussionNaipaul’s view of civil societyCompare with:

Graham GreeneSamuel HuntingtonSusan George

Author of the Week:Arturo Escobar

What Does Escobar say about the concepts Development Economics and Planning?

How does he "Deconstruct" development? What does that mean?

"What Is To Be Done?" according to Escobar. Can we de-objectify the targets of

development? Subjects Customers Consumers Neighbors?