Physical Science The History of Earth A. Hawkins K. Langhoff J. Shevlin Jacksonville High School

Physical ScienceThe History of Earth

A. HawkinsK. LanghoffJ. ShevlinJacksonville High School

As you Come In…

Marty chronicled the highlights of his day in his journal. Do these entries appear to have happened in order? If not, organize them according to the order in which you think they happened.

1. Went to the arcade to hang out with friends.

2. Had a spitball strike the back of his head during his third period class.

3. Got splashed by a car that drove over a puddle.

4. Got caught by teacher trying to sneak in late from lunch for his sixth period class.

5. Finished all of his homework for the evening.

6. Went to visit Doctor Brown for help with physics homework.

7. Hung out with Jennifer in the parking lot outside of school.

8. Ordered a hamburger, fries, and soda at a fast food restaurant.

Image obtained from: http://walls4joy.com/walls/cars/back-to-the-future-delorean-430932-1600x1066.jpg

Objectives:

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

Understand the age of the Earth and the geological time scale.

Understand the formation and early history of the Earth through the study of the Solar System.

Recognize the interactions of plate tectonics and the Earth’s surface.

Understand the dating of rocks can be accomplished through radioactive processes.

Image obtained from: http://www.weirdwarp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Early-Earth-Formation.jpg

Vocabulary:

Terms to know by the end of the unit:

Geology

Geologic Time Scale (GTS)

Eon

Epoch

Era

Period

Plate Tectonics

Radiometric dating

Image obtained from: http://thestonescryout.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/images/Geologic_Time_Chart.289193940_std.jpg

Time Scales

What’s the point of time?

Way of organizing a series of events

Makes sense of events

Allows people to plan/predict events

Time Scale

A way to divide and organize time

Ways of organizing time

Past Present Future

Oldest event recent event

Animation obtained from: http://ed366.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/animated-clock.gif

Types of Time Scales

Relative Time Scale

No exact date/time

One event happened before or after another

Absolute Time Scale

Specific dates/times relative to present

How long before or after an event happens

Relative Time Scale

Analogy: Clothing Pile

New clothes on, old clothes get tossed

Image obtained from: http://www.organizables.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/clothes-pile.png

Relative Time Scale



As days go on, pile forms

Older clothes on bottom, newer on top

Image obtained from: http://www.cashforclothing.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/clothes-for-cash.jpg

newer worn clothes

older worn clothes

Relative Time Scale





Image obtained from: http://lipstickprophets.com/files/2011/08/dynamic_resize.jpeg

(don’t let it ever get this bad!)

Relative Time Scale





Better analogy: clothes in hamper

Image obtained from: http://www.wardrobeoxygen.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/LaundryHamper300.jpg

recently worn clothing

older worn clothing

oldest worn clothing

Relative Time Scale in Geology

Geology: Study of the Earth

How Earth’s surface is layered (rocks, minerals, fossils)

Material deposited on Earth’s surface

Image sequence courtesy of J. Shevlin, 2014





As time elapses, new material deposited







Older material on bottom; newer on top


Oldest material

Older material

Recent material






Older material on bottom; newer on top

Deeper you dig = farther back in time


Oldest material

Older material

Recent material

Most recent material

Absolute Time Scale

Range of time relative to present

Can be broad (last week) to very specific (7:52 AM on August 20, 2014)

How precise based on time scale used

Greater precision often requires models or instruments (ie: watch, clock, calendar)

7:29 AM Got splashed by a car that drove over a puddle.

7:47 AM Hung out with Jennifer in the parking lot outside of school.

10:02 AM Had a spitball strike the back of his head during his third period class.

12:25 PM Ordered a hamburger, fries, and soda at fast food restaurant.

12:59 PM Got caught by teacher trying to sneak in late from lunch for his sixth period class.

3:37 PM Went to visit Doctor Brown for help with physics homework.

6:06 PM Went to the arcade to hang out with friends.

9:51 PM Finished all of his homework for the evening.

Table courtesy of J. Shevlin, 2014

Marty’s October 25, 1985 Journal Entries

Absolute Time Scale in Geology

Arthur Holmes (1890-1965)

Established absolute time scale for Earth’s history

Able to approximate age of Earth

Radiometric dating (more on this later!)

Currently accepted model: Geologic Time Scale

Image obtained from: http://www.amnh.org/education/resources/rfl/web/essaybooks/earth/images/holmes_01.jpg

Checkpoint: Time Scales

Absolute Time ScaleAbsolute Time Scale

Relative Time Scale Relative Time Scale

Rank Name

First Fred

Second Clark

Third Arthur

Fourth Danny

Fifth Brent

Rank Name

00:10.75 Fred

00:10.84 Clark

00:10.97 Arthur

00:11.10 Danny

00:11.11 Brent




Rank Name

First Fred

Second Clark

Third Arthur

Fourth Danny

Fifth Brent

Rank Name

00:10.75 Fred

00:10.84 Clark

00:10.97 Arthur

00:11.10 Danny

00:11.11 Brent




Rank Name

First Fred

Second Clark

Third Arthur

Fourth Danny

Fifth Brent

Rank Name

00:10.75 Fred

00:10.84 Clark

00:10.97 Arthur

00:11.10 Danny

00:11.11 Brent

As You Come In…

Organize the three images in a way that makes sense time-wise.Describe what you think happened between the images based onyour prior experience and evidence found in the images.

A B C

Geologic Time Scale

Time measurement relating stratigraphy to time Stratigraphy: order and positioning

of layers of earth

Approximate age of Earth: 4.6 billion years!

How geologic time is divided: Eons Eras Periods EpochsImage obtained from:

http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Timescale/Timescale3.GIF

Geologic Time Scale

Eon Largest span of geologic time Subdivided into eras Precambrian Eon: 4600 MYA - 540

MYANote: “MYA” = Million Years Ago

Phanerozoic Eon: 540 MYA - present

Image obtained from: http://paleo.cortland.edu/tutorial/Timescale/Timescale3.GIF

Geologic Time Scale

Era Second largest span of geologic time Subdivided into periods Precambrian Era: 4600 MYA - 540

MYA Paleozoic Era: 540 MYA - 250 MYA Mesozoic Era: 250 MYA - 65 MYA Cenozoic Era: 65 MYA - present


Geologic Time Scale

Period Third largest span of geologic time Subdivided into epochs Noteworthy periods:

Pennsylvanian (323 MYA - 298 MYA)

Permian (298 MYA - 250 MYA)Cretaceous (144 MYA - 65 MYA)Quaternary (1.5 MYA - present)


Geologic Time Scale

Epoch Smallest span of geologic

time Current epoch: Holocene

(11,500 YA to present)


Activity: Summer Time Scale

Draw dividing line between events that happened prior to school starting and after school started.

Label the boxes you formed.

Follow the instructions found on your new worksheet.Ju

ne

July

Augu

st

early August event

late August event

early July event

late July event

early June event

late June event

befo

re s

chool

began

aft

er

Recap of Today’s Assignments:

Turn in your time scale sheets and the accompanying question sheet (30 pts)

Lab safety contracts due (10 pts) Statement of Intent due (10 pts)

Tomorrow: The History of Earth– in One Day!

As You Come In…

Recall a time in Earth’s history that you have heard or read about previously. Write a few short sentences about it.

When you have finished recording today’s log, you may bring your completed opening activity log worksheet to me.

Image obtained from: https://static-secure.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/3/5/1394062959544/New-dinosaur-species-disc-012.jpg

History of Earth…In One Day!

Midnight (12:00 AM)Solar nebula

Cloud of dust and gas in space

Begins to spin, flattenLarge debris in cloud

combine (protoplanets)

Image obtained from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Earth#mediaviewer/File:Protoplanetary-disk.jpg

Formation of The Moon

12:07 AMTime of heavy

bombardmentProto-Earth collides with

another protoplanetLoss of early atmosphereVulcanism- lots of

eruptions, earthquakes

Image obtained from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Earth#mediaviewer/File:Giantimpact.gif

First Signs of Life

2:54 AMEnd of heavy

bombardmentVulcanism has formed new

atmosphere of greenhouse gases

First oceans have formedFirst microorganisms

appear in fossil record

Image obtained from: http://www.livrigames.com/resize/1152x864/cloudy/cloudy-earth-view-from-space-wallpaper-for-iphone-wallpaper-iphone-planet-earth-iphoneearth-cloud-texture-clouds-types-information-affect-radiation-google-cloudy-view-from-space.jpg

Explosion of Life

5:32 AM: Algae appear, perform photosynthesis

11:52 AM: Oxygen replaces greenhouse gases in atmosphere

9:12 PM: Cambrian explosionSudden appearance of many

different life-formsMost major animal phyla

appear in fossil recordImage obtained from:

http://education-portal.com/cimages/multimages/16/Animal_Phyla.JPG

The Move To Land

9:15 PM: Trilobites dominate the oceans

9:59 PM: First sign of animals on land

10:25 PM: Pangaea forms 10:40 PM: Permian

extinction 96% of all marine life dies 70% of all terrestrial life dies

Image obtained from: http://www.fossilmall.com/Pangaea/patrilos/tr22/pft757b.JPG

Age of the Dinosaurs

10:47 PM: Dinosaurs become dominant animals on Earth

10:56 PM: Pangaea breaks apart

11:39 PM: Cretaceous extinctionAsteroid impact with Earth~75% of all life went extinct

Image obtained from: http://cdn2.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/incoming/article29672036.ece/d1545/ALTERNATES/h342/asteroid1.jpg

Age of Man

11:44 PM: Mammals become dominant animals on Earth

11:59:22 PM: First hominids appear in fossil record

11:59:56 PM: Homo sapiens (modern humans) emerge

Image obtained from: http://ww2.eclipseadvantage.com/images/Photos/people_resized.jpg

Group Activity: History of Earth

The more there are, the more of the planet they cover

The larger the shape, the larger their population

Algae

Microbe

Arthropods (Trilobytes)

Reptiles/Birds (Dinosaurs)Mammals

Documents

Physical Science The History of Earth A. Hawkins K. Langhoff J. Shevlin Jacksonville High School