Photonics Report

8/13/2019 Photonics Report

1/23

CONTENTS

Page no.

ABSTRACT 1

INTRODUCTION 2

HISTORY 3

WHAT IS PHOTONICS? 4

CATEGORIES OF PHOTONICS 9

ADVANTAGES 14

APPLICATIONS 18

FUTURE OUTLOOK 20

BIBILOGRAPHY 21


2/23

ABSTRACT

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3/23

INTRODUTION

T* .&++&'( '! %* )*'%'(&$+ "+#"$* #% %* INTEC )#"%.(% '! UG(% &+ %'6/') $'($)%+ +&(+ #( )"''!;'!;)"&($&)/ )"'%'%-)+ '! ./%&!($%&'(#/ )*'%'(&$$'.)'((%+ #( +-+%.+;'(;#;$*&)5 T*",- :)/'&%#%&'( '! *&* &(:;$'(%"#+%(#(')*'%'(&$ #))"'#$*+ ,'%* &( S&/&$'( #( &( III;V +.&$'($%'"+ %* ('(;/&(#"-(#.&$+ '! #$%&6 . *%"'('+ .#%"/ &(%"#%&'( #6#($ +&./#%&'(%$*(&>+ #( ('6/ )#$#&( #))"'#$*+ *#+ ,( '(5 T* &(%"#% $'.)'((%+#" #" %'#"+ #))/&$#%&'(+ &( %/$'. #( #%#$'. #( &($"#+&(/- &( +(+'"+ #(

,&';+(+'"+5

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4/23

HISTORY

O)%&$+ ; F&"+% (($% ,- E$/& #+ G'.%"&$#/ O)%&$+ '" R#- O)%&$+ &( *&+

C#%')%"&$+ &( 300 B5C5 *#+ 6'/6 &(%' # ,"'# &+$&)/&( /#(%/- !'"./#% ,- #+% '! !(#.(%#/ )*-+&$#/ )"&($&)/+ #( "&'"'+/- 6/') .#%*.#%&$#/ >#%&'(+5T* /'( ,#% ,%( '.%"&$#/ ')%&$+ #( #6 ')%&$+ /# %' #%&'(+%*#% !'( /$%"'.#(%&$ ')%&$+5 #(%. %*'"- *&$* %"#% /&*% #+ )*'%'(+ &( %* ,&((&( '! 20%*$(%"-5 P*'%'(&$+ #+ # !&/ "#//- ,#( &( 190 &%* %* &(6(%&'( '! %* /#+"!'//' &( %* 190+,- %* 6/').(% '! ')%&$#/ !&,"+#+ # .&. !'" %"#(+.&%%&(&(!'".#%&'( +&( /&*% ,#.+ #( %* E",&.;') !&," #.)/&!&"5 T*+ &(6(%&'(+!'". %* ,#+&+ !'" %* %/$'..(&$#%&'(+ "6'/%&'( '! %* /#% 20%* $(%"- #()"'6& %* &(!"#+%"$%" !'" %*&(%"(%5

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/#+" .#(!#$%"&( ,&'/'&$#/ #( $*.&$#/ +(+&( .&$#/ ('+%&$+ #( %*"#)- &+)/#- %$*('/'- ')%&$#/ $'.)%&(5

V#"&'+ ('(;%/$'.)*'%'(&$+ #))/&$#%&'(+ :*&,&% # +%"'( "'%*)#"%&$/#"/- +&($ %* '%;$'. $"#+* )#"%/- ,$#+ .#(- $'.)#(&+ *#6 ,( /''&(

!'" ( #))/&$#%&'( #"#+ >&% +$$++!//-5 A * !"%*" "'%* '! )*'%'(&$+ $#( ,:)$% !'" %* $#+ %*#% %* $""(% 6/').(% '! +&/&$'( )*'%'(&$+ &// , +$$++!/5

N' &/- "!"" #+ P*'%'(&$+ *&$* #$$'(%+ !'" )*'%'( #+)$% '! /&*%#( &($/+ %"#%.(% '( 6#"&'+ )*'%'(&$ 6&$+ %*&+ &+$&)/&( *#+ .# "#)&)"'"+++ #( ,"'# &.)#$%+ &( 6#"&'+ !&/+ &( %* /#+% ! $#+ +$* #+O)%'/$%"'(&$ 6&$+ #( +-+%.+ O)%&$#/ !&," $'..(&$#%&'(+ O)%&$#/


5/23

WHAT IS PHOTONICS?

P*'%'(&$+ &+ %* + '! /&*% %' ',%#&( $'(6- '" )"'$++ &(!'".#%&'(5 L&*% *"&($/+ &(!"#" #( /%"#6&'/% "#%&'( #+ // #+ %* /&*% %*#% &+ 6&+&,/ %' '" -+5

Photonic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

T* %". photonics+'.%&.+ ,% ('% #/#-+ &.)/&+ # '#/ '! +%#,/&+*&( #(/$%"'(&$+'! )*'%'(+ &(+%# '! /$%"'(+5

P'/#"&%'(&$+&!!"+ &%* )*'%'(&$+ &( %*#% %* !(#.(%#/ &(!'".#%&'( $#""&" &+ #)*'('(;)'/#"&%'( *&$* &+ # .&:%" '! )*'%'(+ #( )*'('(+ #( ')"#%+ &( %* "#('! !">($&+ !"'. 300 *"% %' #))"':&.#%/- 10 %"#*"%5 P*'%'(&$+ %-)&$#//-')"#%+ #% !">($&+ '( %* '"" '! *("+ '! %"#*"%5

T* !&/ '! )*'%'(&$+ *#+ # +%"'( &(%"+% &( ')%&$#/ $'..(&$#%&'(5 T* +$&($#( #))/&$#%&'(+ '! )*'%'(&$+ #" +#//- ,#+ '(/#+" /&*%5

P*'%'(&$+ &+ %* %"#(+.&++&'( $'(%"'/ .#(&)/#%&'( #( +%'"# '! #%# +&(

)*'%'(+ 7%* ,#+&$ ,&/&( ,/'$+ '! /&*%5 H.#(+ *#6 ,( +&( /&*% %' %"#(+.&%&(!'".#%&'( !'" $(%"&+5 T* !&"+% ')%&$#/ (%'"+ $'(+&+% '! !&"+ /&% '( *&// %')+ %'#"( %* #))"'#$* '! #( #".-5 A ! $(%"&+ /#%" (%'"+ '! +.&)*'"+ " ,&/%%' $'(6- .'" $'.)/&$#% .++#+5 T'#- ')%&$#/ (%'"+ #" .$* !#+%" .'"!!&$&(% #( $#( ' !"%*"5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infra-redhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaritonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phononhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaritonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigahertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laserhttp://tuxteachesphotonics.tripod.com/images/light-globes.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infra-redhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaritonicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phononhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polaritonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigahertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terahertzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser


6/23

Ho! "oe it !o#$?

I( )*'%'(&$ +-+%.+ &(!'".#%&'( +&(#/+ #" $'(6- #+ )/++ '! /&*% "#%*"%*#( /$%"&$&%- #( %*+ ')%&$#/ +&(#/+ #" %"#(+.&%% ,- +(&( %*. #/'( ')%&$#/!&,"+ ; +%"#(+ '! +)$/ /#++ #"'( 100 . &( .%" 7#,'% %* %*&$(++ '! #*.#( *#&"5 O( '! %* "#% #6#(%#+ '! )*'%'(&$+ &+ %*#% %*+ !&,"+ $#( $#""-%*'+#(+ '! %&.+ .'" &(!'".#%&'( %*#( /$%"&$#/ &"+5 P*'%'(&$ 6&$+ #" + %'$'(6"% /$%"&$#/ +&(#/+ &(%' ')%&$#/ +&(#/+ #( ,#$ ##&( *" ($++#"- *( %*-(%" #( /#6 %* !&,"+5 P*'%'(&$ 6&$+ #" #/+' ,&((&( %' , + %' .#(&)/#%

#( )"'$++ ')%&$#/ +&(#/+ &"$%/- &%*'% %* ( !'" $'(6"+&'(5 P*'%'(&$ 6&$+$#( , !#,"&$#% !"'. # & 6#"&%- '! .#%"/+ &($/&( +.&$'($%'"+ #( 6(')%&$#/ !&,"+ %*.+/6+5

Wh% "o #eea#ch on &hotonic %te'?

I( "$(% -#"+ %*" *#6 ,( &.)'"%#(% #6#($+ &( "+#"$* /#,+ #"'( %* '"/ %'6/') &($"#+&(/- +')*&+%&$#% #-+ '! +&( %*+ )*'%'(&$ 6&$+ &( +-+%.+ !'"%/$'..(&$#%&'(+ $'.)%&( +$"&%- #( .#(- '%*" #))/&$#%&'(+5 B- +&()*'%'(&$+ %*+ +-+%.+ $#( '" .'" !!$%&6/- ; &%* .$* "#%" +) '"&(!'".#%&'( $#)#$&%- ; '" .&*% +&.)/- , +.#//" #( #+&" %' .#5

T*+ #6#(%#+ ; #+ // #+ %* "'&( (.,"+ '! )"#$%&$#/ #))/&$#%&'(+ ; .#)*'%'(&$+ #( &.)'"%#(% !&/ ,'%* !'" "+#"$* #( $'.."$/ 6/').(%5

P*'%'(&$ +-+%.+ "+#"$* &+ # %"/- $"'++;&+$&)/&(#"- #$%&6&%- &(6'/6&( )*-+&$+/$%"&$#/ (&("&( $'.)%" +$&($ #( '%*" !&/+ '! +$&($5

An" !h% i it ca((e" )&hotonic)?

T* !/' '! /$%"&$&%- &( # &" $'(+&+%+ '! %* $'.,&( .'6.(% '! %&(- !(#.(%#/)#"%&$/+ '! $*#" $#// /$%"'(+5 T* 6&$+ #( +-+%.+ + %' ("#% #(

.#(&)/#% /$%"&$#/ +&(#/+ #" &/- ('( #+ /$%"'(&$+5 A/,"% E&(+%&( #( '%*"+$&(%&+%+ '"&( #% %* ,&((&( '! %* 20%* $(%"- +*' %*#% /&*% $'(+&+%+ '! #&!!"(% &( '! %&(- !(#.(%#/ )#"%&$/+ $#// )*'%'(+5 A( +' %* '")*'%'(&$+ *#+ ,( $'&( %' +$"&, 6&$+ #( +-+%.+ + %' ("#% #(.#(&)/#% ')%&$#/ +&(#/+5


7/23

PHOTONIC INTE*RATED CIRCUIT

A Photonic Integ#ate" Ci#c+it7PIC &+ # 6&$ %*#% &(%"#%+ ./%&)/

)*'%'(&$ !($%&'(+ #( #+ +$* &+ #(#/''+ %' #( E/$%"'(&$ I(%"#% C&"$&%5 H'6"%* .#@'" &!!"($ ,%( %* %' ,&( %*#% # )*'%'(&$ &(%"#% $&"$&% )"'6&+!($%&'(#/&%- !'" &(!'".#%&'( +&(#/+ &.)'+ '( ')%&$#/ #6/(%*+ %-)&$#//- &( %*V&+&,/ +)$%".'" (#" &(!"#" 80(.;10(.5

Co'&a#ion to E(ect#onic Integ#ation

U(/& /$%"'(&$ &(%"#%&'( *" +&/&$'( &+ %* '.&(#(% .#%"/ +-+%. )*'%'(&$&(%"#% $&"$&%+ *#6 ,( !#,"&$#% !"'. # 6#"&%- '! .#%"/ +-+%.+ &($/&(+&/&$# '( +&/&$'( S&/&$'( '( &(+/#%'"J 6#"&'+ )'/-."+ #( +.&$'($%'" .#%"/+

*&$* #" + %' .# +.&$'($%'" /#+"+ +$* #+ G#A+ #( I(P5 T* &!!"(%.#%"/ +-+%.+ #" + ,$#+ %*- #$* )"'6& &!!"(% #6#(%#+ #( /&.&%#%&'(+)(&( '( %* !($%&'( %' , &(%"#%5

T* !#,"&$#%&'( %$*(&>+ #" +&.&/#" %' %*'+ + &( /$%"'(&$ &(%"#% $&"$&%+ &(*&$* )*'%'/&%*'"#)*- &+ + %' )#%%"( #!"+ !'" %$*&( #( .#%"/ )'+&%&'(5U(/& /$%"'(&$+ *" %* )"&.#"- 6&$ &+ %* %"#(+&+%'" %*" &+ (' +&(/ '.&(#(%6&$5 T* "#( '! 6&$+ ">&" '( # $*&) &($/+ /' /'++ &(%"$'(($%#6&+ )'" +)/&%%"+ ')%&$#/ #.)/&!&"+ ')%&$#/ .'/#%'"+ !&/%"+ /#+"+ #(%$%'"+5 T*+ 6&$+ ">&" # 6#"&%- '! &!!"(% .#%"/+ #( !#,"&$#%&'(%$*(&>+ .#&( &% &!!&$/% %' "#/& #// '! %*. '( # +&(/ $*&)5

A",antage O- Photonic Ci#c+it

P*'%'(&$ &(%"#% $&"$&%+ $#( #//' ')%&$#/ +-+%.+ %' , .# .'" $'.)#$% #(*&*" )"!'".#($ %*#( &%* &+$"% ')%&$#/ $'.)'((%+5 T*- #/+' '!!" %* )'++&,&/&%-'! &(%"#%&'( &%* /$%"'(&$ $&"$&%+ %' )"'6& &($"#+ !($%&'(#/&%-53J

P*'%'(&$ &(%"#% $&"$&%+ +*'/ #/+' , &..( %' %* *##"+ '! !($%&'(#/&%- /'+++#++'$% &%* E/$%"'.#(%&$ )/+ 7E


8/23

T* )"&.#"- #))/&$#%&'( !'" )*'%'(&$ &(%"#% $&"$&%+ &+ &( %* #"# '! !&,";')%&$$'..(&$#%&'(%*'* #))/&$#%&'(+ &( '%*" !&/+ +$* #+,&'.&$#/#" #/+' )'++&,/5

T* #""#- #6& "#%&( 7AWG *&$* #" $'..'(/- + #+ ')%&$#/7./%&)/:"+ &( #6/(%* &6&+&'( ./%&)/:7WD


9/23

A""#- #6& "#%&( B&')*'%'( B&')*'%'(&$+ A%'.&$ $'*"($

C(%" !'" R+#"$* &( P*'%'(&$+ #% %* U(&6"+&%- '! O%%## O)%&$#/ DPSK .'/#%'" D#" +%#% D/#- /&( &(%"!"'.%" E",&.;') #6& #.)/&!&" F&,";')%&$ $'..(&$#%&'(


10/23

T* +)$&.(+ %*#% #" &.# &%* .&$"'+$')&$ %$*(&>+ $#( #/+' , .#(&)/#% ,-')%&$#/ %"+#( /#+" .&$"';+$#/)/+ *&$* #" !"%*" #))/&$#%&'(+ &( %* !&/ '!,&')*'%'(&$+5

/ic#o&hotonic:

/ic#o&hotonic &+ # ,"#($* '! %$*('/'- %*#% #/+ &%* &"$%&( /&*% '( #.&$"'+$')&$ +$#/5 I% &+ + &( ')%&$#/ (%'"&(5


11/23

FigT* ')#/ &( %*&+ ,"#$/% $'(%#&(+ # (#%"#/ )"&'&$ .&$"'+%"$%""+)'(+&,/ !'" &%+ &"&+$(%$'/'"5 I% &+ ++(%//- # (#%"#/ )*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/ #/%*'* &%'+ ('% *#6 # $'.)/% )*'%'(&$ ,#( #)5

P*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/+#" ('(;$'($%&( .#%"/+ %*#% "!/$% 6#"&'+ #6/(%*+'! /&*% #/.'+% )"!$%/-5 S$* # $"-+%#/ $#( , "!"" %' #+ # )"!$% .&""'"5 O%*"6&$+ .)/'- &( .&$"')*'%'(&$+ &($/ .&$"'.&""'"+ #( )*'%'(&$ &"#6&+5 T*+ %''/+ #" + %' .'/ %* !/' '! /&*% # !#.'+ )*"#+ !'"+$"&,&( %* '#/ '! .&$"')*'%'(&$+5

Nat+#a((% Occ+##ing Photonic C#%ta(

A )"'.&((% :#.)/ '! # )*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/ &+ %* (#%"#//- '$$""&( .+%'( ')#/5 I%+)/#- '! $'/'"+ &+ ++(%//- # )*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/ )*('.('( ,#+ '( B"# &!!"#$%&'('! /&*% '( %* $"-+%#/+ /#%%&$ )/#(+5 A('%*" //;('( )*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/ &+ !'( '(%* &(+ '! +'. ,%%"!/&+ +$* #+ %*'+ '! (+


12/23

Photonic0c#%ta( -i1e#:

Photonic0c#%ta( -i1e#7PCF #/+' +)// fibre &+ # ( $/#++ '! ')%&$#/ !&,",#+ '(

%* )"')"%&+ '!)*'%'(&$ $"-+%#/+5 B$#+ '! &%+ #,&/&%- %' $'(!&( /&*% &( *'//' $'"+'" &%* $'(!&(.(% $*#"#$%"&+%&$+ ('% )'++&,/ &( $'(6(%&'(#/ ')%&$#/ !&," PCF &+ ('!&(&( #))/&$#%&'(+ &( !&,";')%&$ $'..(&$#%&'(+!&,"/#+"+ ('(/&(#" 6&$+ *&*;)'" %"#(+.&++&'( *&*/- +(+&%&6 #++(+'"+ #( '%*" #"#+5 T* %". )*'%'(&$;$"-+%#/ !&," #+ $'&( ,- P*&/&) R++//&( 199;199 7* +%#%+ 72003 %*#% %* #%+ %' (),/&+* '" &( 1991 #/%*'* '%*" %".+ +$* #+ 'ic#ot#+ct+#e" -i1e##" #/+' + #( %* ('.($/#%" &( %* !&/ &+ ('% (%&"/- $'(+&+%(%5


13/23

)'%(%//- $&"$.6(% /&.&%+ &.)'+ ,- #6#&/#,/ .#%"/+ !'" :#.)/ %' $"#% !&,"+%*#% & /&*% &( #6/(%*+ !'" *&$* %"#(+)#"(% .#%"/+ #" ('% #6#&/#,/ 7,$#+%* /&*% &+ )"&.#"&/- &( %* #&" ('% &( %* +'/& .#%"/+5 A('%*" )'%(%/ #6#(%# '!# *'//' $'" &+ %*#% '( $#( -(#.&$#//- &(%"'$ .#%"/+ &(%' %* $'" +$* #+ # #+%*#% &+ %' , #(#/- !'" %* )"+($ '! +'. +,+%#($5

Nano&hotonic:

Nano&hotonic&+ %* +%- '! %* ,*#6&'" '! /&*%'( %* (#('.%"+$#/5 T* #,&/&%- %'!#,"&$#% 6&$+ &( (#('+$#/ %*#% *#+ ,( 6/') "$(%/- )"'6& %* $#%#/-+% !'"%*&+ #"# '! +%-5

N#(')*'%'(&$+ +$&(%&+%+ #" :)"&.(%&( &%* &!!"(% #-+ %' ("#% #(.#(&)/#% /&*% +&( /%"#+.#// (&(" +%"$%"+ #% %* (#('+$#/5 T&(- '/)#"%&$/+ $#// (#('+%#"+ #" ,&( +%& %' #+$"%#&( *' %*- &(%"#$% &%* /&*%5

T* +%- *#+ %* )'%(%/ %' "6'/%&'(&+ %* %/$'..(&$#%&'(+ &(+%"- ,- )"'6&&(/' )'" *&* +) &(%"!"($;!" 6&$+ +$* #+ /$%"'')%&$ #( #//;')%&$#/+&%$*+ '( # $*&)5

O&tica( co'&+te#:

A( o&tica( co'&+te#&+ # $'.)%" %*#% ++ #6+ '! /&*% &(+%# '! /$%"&$#/ +&(#/+%' )"!'". $'.)%#%&'(#/ )"'$+++ '" %' %"#(+.&% #%# ,%( $'.)%#%&'(#/ )"'$+++5

Ho! o&tica( co'&+te# Wo#$

W*"#+ # $'(6(%&'(#/ $'.)%" ++ /$%"'(&$ +&(#/+ #( .%#//&$ &"+ %' +( #%##$"'++ &%+ &(%"#% $&"$&%+ #( ')%&$#/ $'.)%" ++ #6+ '! /&*% &%*" &( &/$%"&$')%&$#/ #6&+ '" !" +)#$ %' %"#(+.&% +&(#/+5 A( ')%&$#/ $'.)%"++ ,'(/$%"'(+ &( ('(/&(#" ')%&$#/ .#%"/+&(+%# '! >#+&;!" /$%"'(+ &( %"#(+&+%'"+ !'"$'.)%#%&'(5C""(% O)%&$#/ C'.)%"+

N' )"/- ')%&$#/ $'.)%"+ $""(%/- :&+% *'6" ')%&$#/ $'..(&$#%&'( /&(+ #",&( $'(+&" !'" *&* )"!'".#($ $'.)%&( +-+%.+5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanostar&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanostar&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectrichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveguideshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_opticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistors


14/23

AD2ANTA*ES

W*- %* , '6" !&," ')%&$+? T* )"&.#"- #6#(%# '! !&," ')%&$+ '6" +%#(#"$'))" %"#(+.&++&'( /&(+ &+ %* ('".'+ ,#(&%* %*#% /&*%#6+ )"'6&5 T*)'%(%/ &(!'".#%&'(;$#""-&( $#)#$&%- '! #(- %-) '! .&. &($"#++ &%* %*!">($- '! %* $#""&" +&(#/5 O)%&$#/ $#""&" !">($&+ #" &( %* '"" '! # !*(" %"#*" '" #,'% # *(" %*'+#( %&.+ %*#% '! $'(6(%&'(#/ /$%"&$#/ $#""&"!">($&+5

O%*" &.)'"%#(% #6#(%#+ '! !&," ')%&$+ #" &*% #( +&5 T* !&,"+ %-)&$#//- *#6.%"+ ('% .$* /#"" %*#( %* &%* '! # *.#( *#&"5

A// '! %*+ !#$%'"+ $'.,&( %' .# !&," ')%&$+ # *'% &%. !'" ,'%* )*'( #(

$'")'"#% (%'"+ )#"%&$/#"/- &%* %* "'&( .#( !'" .'" ,#(&%*'"/&5 T* %/$'..(&$#%&'(+ &(+%"- #/'( +)(+ ,&//&'(+ '! '//#"+ )"#&(%"#(+.&++&'( +-+%.+ &%* !&," ')%&$+ $#""-&( 6'&$ $'(6"+#%&'(+ #( '%*" #%# #/'(,"+%+ '! /&*% &(+%# '! %"#&%&'(#/ /$%"&$#/ $&"$&%+5

Building an Automated System

C"#%&( #( #%'.#% +-+%. %*#% &(%"#%+ 6&+&'( .'%&'( #( .#+".(%+ &+ $"&%&$#/%' .%&( )"'$%&6&%- .#(+5 W&%* (" .#+".(% .'%&'( #( 6&+&'( )"'$%+.#(!#$%""+ $#( + )"$&+&'( +%# /'$#%&'( #( ')%&$#/ !,#$ &( %* #%'.#%&'()"'$++5

O( :#.)/ '! %*&+ )"'$++ &+ ,&/&( #( #%'.#% +-+%. +&( 6&+&'(;& .'%&'($'(%"'/ %' )"!'". "'++ #/&(.(% '! # !&," #( # /(+5 P"$&+&'( &+ - %' # )*'%'(&$+&(+)$%&'( +'/%&'(5 W*( !&," .#+".(%+ #" "#% &( %* .&$"'.%" "#( &% &+&.)"#%&6 %*#% #/&(.(% $#( #$*&6 %*#% /6/ '! #$$"#$-5

T* $#."# #( &(+)$%&'( #/'"&%*.+ &(+)$% %* !&," #( )"!'". !,#$ ('+%&$+%' ',%#&( >#/&%- $'(%"'/ '( %* ( )"'$%5 T*&+ )"'$++ (+"+ %*#% %* +-+%. +)'%+#(- !$%+ #"/- &( %* )"'$++5


15/23

C'.)'((%+ .#(!#$%"&( # +,+% '! !&,";')%&$+ .#(!#$%"&( &+ #( #"# *"&(%"#% *#"#" #( +'!%#" $#( .# # ,& &!!"($ &( '6"#// )"'$%&'(5E."(% I(!'".#%&'( T$*('/'&+ 7IT #!%" 6/')&( #( #))/&$#%&'( !'" &+&%&'( +-+%. "((&( '( # PC;,#+ )/#%!'". &%*

L#,VIEWM +'!%#"5

E."(% IT $""(%/- &+ 6/')&( # ( PI;,#+ (#(';)'+&%&'(&( +-+%. %*#%&(%"#%+ .'%&'( 6&+&'( #( #%# #$>&+&%&'( %$*('/'&+5 T* PI )/#%!'". ,#+ '(C'.)#$%PCI '!!"+ !#+%" %"&"&( %&. #( # +.#//" !''%)"&(% ,'%* ++(%/ !'" !&,";')%&$ $'.)'((% .#(!#$%"&( *" )"'$%&6&%- %"#(+/#%&( &(%' %* $#)#,&/&%- %'.'6 #( .#+" !#+% &+ -5 F&"+%;("#%&'( +-+%.+ '!%( + +%# #(.#+".(% GPIB 6&$+5 T*+ 6&$+ )#"+ $'..#(+ #( "( +>(%//-)"'6&( %' , +/'" %*#( PI5

B- $*''+&( # +'!%#" #))/&$#%&'( ,+% +&% %' %*&" (+, &% # "#)*&$#/ '" %:%;

,#+ /#(##( &(%"#%&( &% &%* %* .'+% #))"')"% *#"#" .#(!#$%""+$#( !"%*" (*#($ .#$*&( #++.,/- )"'$%&6&%- &%* >&$ 6/').(% %&. #( %*!/:&,&/&%- %*- ( %' .'&!- #))/&$#%&'(+5 G%%&( ) %' +) >&$/- &+ &.)'"%#(% %'!&,";')%&$ .#(!#$%""+ %*#% #(% %' &($"#+ /' )"'$%&'( -&/+ &( #( &(+%"- %*#%+%&// &+ &( &%+ &(!#($-5

A Case Study

L&*%P#%* T$*('/'&+ # !&,";')%&$ .#(!#$%"" &( A/,>"> N&" &( %* $'//&.#%'" .#(!#$%"&( )"'$++5 W&%* #( #%'.#%#))"'#$* %* $'.)#(- #&( !!&$&($- )"'$&( .'" $'//&.#%'"+ &( /++ %&.5

T* $'.)#(- 6/') &%+ !&"+% +-+%.+ !'" /(+ )'/&+*&( #( !+&( +6"#/ -#"+ #'5I% +%&// ++ %* '"&&(#/ +-+%.+ !'" .#&( %#+ #( (*#($.(%+ %' &%+ !#$%'"- !/''"+-+%.5


16/23

A+ )#"% '! %* $&+&'( %' #%'.#% L&*%P#%* .'6 !"'. )"'"#..#,/ /'&$$'(%"'//"+ 7PLC+ %' # PC;,#+ #))"'#$*5 F&(&( +$$++ &( &%+ )"'%'%-) .#$*&(+%* $'.)#(- $& %' )/&$#% %*+ +-+%.+ '( %* )"'$%&'( !/''"5 T* $'.)#(-&(&%//- 6/') # !+&( .#$*&( #( %*( + :&+%&( %$*('/'&+ %' $"#% # /#+";)'/&+*&( .#$*&(5

H'+ &( # $/#(;"''. (6&"'(.(% L&*%P#%*=+ )"+(% )"'$%&'( !/''" *'/+ #(.," '! !+&( '"+%#%&'(+ #/'( &%* +)#$ !'" #&%&'(#/ .#$*&(+5 E#$* PI$*#++&+ $'(%#&(+ # 6#"&%- '! *#"#" &($/&( .#$*&( 6&+&'( .'%&'( $'(%"'/ #%##$>&+&%&'( #( GPIB5

T* 6&+#/ "+/%+ #" &+)/#- '( %' .'(&%'"+5 #/&%- '( %* ()"'$%5 T*&+ >#/&%- $*$ (+"+ %*#%%* +-+%. +)'%+ #(- !$%+ ) !"'(%5 FI*URE

O%*" CCD $#."#+ /'' #% %* #(/ ,%( #$* !&," #( /(+ $'.,&(#%&'(.#+"&( #( #@+%&( %* #(/ %' + &! &% /&+ &%*&( $"%#&( %'/"#($+5 L&*%P#%* *#++% ) )"'$++;$'(%"'/ )#"#.%"+ !'" %*&+ +-+%. %".&(&( *#% &+ #$$)%#,/ #(*#% &+ ('%5

O( %* .#+".(% +& #%# #$>&+&%&'( ,'#"+ )"!'". ('+%&$ %+%+ '( %* '6"#//+-+%. &($/&( .#+"&( ($'" !,#$ &&%#/ IO !'" %* "/#-+ #( '%*".#+".(%+ %' (+" %* )"'$++ /&+ &%*&( %* #$$)% )#"#.%"+5

L&*%P#%* + %* %$*('/'- &% &(%"#% &(%' &%+ &(&%/ +-+%. !'" # ( +&.&/#")'/&+*&( +-+%.5 U+&( # $'.,&(#%&'( '! .'%&'( 6&+&'( #( #%# #$>&+&%&'( #( ,#+'( %* +#. .#$*&(+ + !'" !+&( #( #/&(.(% '( %* )"'$%&'( !/''" %* +-+%.


17/23

)"!'".+ $'#%&( #( )'/&+*&( !($%&'(+ '( %* 6#"&'+ /(++ ,!'" %*- "#$* %*#%'.#% %+% )"'$++5

T* $'.)#(- !'( &% #+&" #( .'" !!&$&(% %' ,'""' %* %$*('/'&+ #/"#-6/') !'" %* .#(!#$%"&( %+% +%#%&'(+ %' )"!'". %* ">&" )'/&+*&( %#++5 T*

+) '! %* )'/&+*&( +-+%. #/+' &+ "#.#%&$ %#&( '(/- #,'% 3 + )" /(+ %' )'+&%&'(.'6 #( &(+)$% #$* )#"%5 O6"#// %* +-+%. )'/&+*+ %"#-+ &%* 400 /(++ &( /++%*#( #( *'" &%*'% ')"#%'" .#(&)/#%&'(5 T*&+ &+ # +&(&!&$#(% &.)"'6.(% '6")"6&'+ .#(#/ .%*'+5

DISAD2ANTA*ES: W#6&+ #( !&,"+ #" *#"" %' + %*#( &"5

T* $'.)'((%+ #" .'" :)(+&65

S)"&'+ "!/$%&'(+ #" .$* .'" %"',/+'.5


18/23

C'(+." E>&).(% B#"$'+$#((" )"&(%" CDDVDB/;"#- 6&$+ ".'%$'(%"'/ 6&$+

T/$'..(&$#%&'(+ O)%&$#/ !&," $'..(&$#%&'(+ #(%.

$'.)%&( She""ing 3ight on the Batt(e-ie(": Tactica( A&&(ication o- Photonic Techno(og%

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

An Ea'&(e A&&(ication Uing I/A4 2iion :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangefinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcodehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangefinderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_boardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer


19/23

U+&( # CCD $#."# #( ')%&$#/ &(+)$%&'( +-+%.$#( .#+" %* !&," $'" #( $/#&( .%"++&( ;%$%&'( $"'++&( %*"'* %* $'" #($/#&( ,'(#"&+5 W&%* NI=+ I


20/23

I(+%&%%&'(#/ "+#"$*"+ )"&$% # $'.,#$ !'" %* ')%&$#/ &(+%"- %*#(+%' $'(%&( )"&6#% +$%'" &(6+%.(% &( )*'%'(&$+ "+#"$* &(+%"- &6"+&!&$#%&'(,-'( %/$'. #( +&(&!&$#(% #6#($+ &( ')%&$#/ %$*('/'-5

A/'( &%* '%*" "+#"$*"+ #( &(+%"- ")"+(%#%&6+


21/23

T* '" /&*% &+ !&( *" #+ /$%"'.#(%&$ "#%&'( '! #(-#6/(%*Q %*+ ;"#-+ #..# "#-+ /%"#6&'/% /&*% &(!"#" /&*% .&$"'#6+"#&' #6+ #( 6&+&,/ /&*%#" #// !'".+ '! /&*%.

I( .'"( )*-+&$+ %* &hoton &+ %* /.(%#"- )#"%&$/ "+)'(+&,/ !'"/$%"'.#(%&$ )*('.(#5 I% .%+ /$%"'.#(%&$ &(%"#$%&'(+#( .#+ ) #//

!'".+ '! /&*%5 T* )*'%'( *#+ "' &(6#"(% .#++#( %"#6/+ #% %* $'(+%#(% +) c %*+) '! /&*% &( .)%- +)#$5 H'6" &( %* )"+($ '! .#%%" # )*'%'( $#( ,#,+'", %"#(+!""&( ("- #( .'.(%. )"')'"%&'(#/ %' &%+ !">($-5 L& #//>#(%# %* )*'%'( *#+ ,'%* #6 #( )#"%&$/ )"')"%&+ :*&,&%&( #6)#"%&$/#/&%-5

Co'&oition: E/.(%#"- )#"%&$/

Fa'i(%: B'+'(

*#o+&: G# ,'+'(

Inte#action: E/$%"'.#(%&$

Theo#i6e":A/,"% E&(+%&(71901

S%'1o(: #..#

/a: 0

/ean (i-eti'e: S%#,/

E(ect#ic cha#ge: 0

S&in: 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_dualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_dualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_bosonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_lifetimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelengthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_rayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infraredhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visible_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_constanthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_dualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_dualityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_particlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge_bosonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einsteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invariant_masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_lifetimehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_chargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)


22/23

BIBI3O*RAPHY:

*%%)5''/5$'. *%%)5*'+%!!'"+5$'.

*%%)5)*'%'(&$+$#%&'(5$#

*%%)5)*'%'(&$+'(/&(5$'.
http://www.google.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.photonicseducation.ca/http://www.photonicsonline.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/http://www.photonicseducation.ca/http://www.photonicsonline.com/


23/23

PHOTONICS =Photonics is an enabling technology, enhancing most other high techsectors, as well as growing its own sector, it will continue to see significant steady

growth and have a major imact on savings in most industries!""

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