PHARAOHShttp://www.touregypt.net/kings.htm

Hatshepsut

Senmut

The Riches of PuntEarly in her rule as king, Hatshepsut sent trading ships to Punt, a land somewhere along Africa's Red Sea coast. When the ships returned, priests at Karnak presented a dazzling array of goods to the pharaoh, who dedicated it all to Amun, her patron god.

Obelisk

Dier-El Bhari

Amenhotep III and Queen Tiy

Akhenaton Nefertiti

Howard CarterTutankhamun

Tut and Ankhensenamun

The stunning setting of the Valley of the Kings. The popular tomb on the right houses Tutankhamun's remains.

Horemheb

Last king of the 18th dynasty of Egypt; he restored the traditional Amon religion that a previous ruler, Akhenaton, had replaced with the worship of the god Aton. Having been general commander of the army in northern Egypt before he took the throne, Horemheb appointed soldiers to major offices and made Memphis his capital. He destroyed all symbols of the Aton religion, built and restored buildings in honour of Amon, and removed the names of heretic kings from the list of pharaohs. Ramses I, whom Horemheb had chosen as his vizier, became his successor and founded the 19th dynasty.

In this painting from his tomb in the Valley of the Kings, Ramses I is depicted between the falcon-headed "soul of Pe" and the dog-headed "soul of Nekhen," spiritual beings that represented the traditional regions of

Lower and Upper Egypt.

Seti ISeti I was the father of perhaps Egypt's greatest ruler, Ramses II, and was in his own right also a great leader.  He ruled Egypt for 13 years from 1291 through 1278 BC.

Seti was the son of Ramses I and his queen, Sitre. His first wife was Tuya, who was the daughter of a lieutenant of charioteers. His first son died young, but his second son was

Ramses II. 

Seti's mummy is said to be the finest of all surviving royal mummies, though it was not found in his tomb. 

Rather, it was found in the Deir el-

Bahari cache in 1881. 

Many experts see a physical resemblance between the mummified head of what is now thought to be Ramses I (top) and the heads of his son Seti I (middle) and grandson Ramses

II.

Ramses IIThird King of the 19th Dynasty. One of Egypt's most prolific rulers; he ruled for 67 years, lived to be over 90 years old, had many wives and somewhere between 100 and 200 children. He was the son of Seti I and Tuyu. He was a great builder and a famed warrior. He built many temples and monuments in Karnak, Luxor and Nubia. His Chief queen was Nefertari. Ramses, like his father Seti I, had red hair and therefore was associated with the god Seth. Seth had been scorned by most Egyptians throughout their history. However, Ramses II was quite proud to be a man of Seth and made a point to uplift his name. War and expanding borders were a big part of Ramses' rule and Seth was the perfect god to have on his side. The Battle of Kadesh was Ramses' most famous fight.

Tomb wall depicting Nefertari, the great royal wife of Ramses II.

The main hall and inner most shrine of Abu Simbel.

The Battle of Kadesh

The battle fought in 1275 B.C. between the Hittite armies and Egyptian troops led by Pharaoh Ramses II, is reenacted in the film The Hittites: The Empire That Changed the World.

The army of Ramses consisted probably mostly of Egyptians, with a few Nubian contingents and some Sherden mercenaries. The chariots were manned exclusively by Egyptian noblemen. The records do not mention how many Egyptian soldiers there were. It is generally assumed that an Egyptian division was comprised of 5000 footsoldiers. Ramses setting out with four divisions of 20,000 seems reasonable but remains speculative.

The Hittite army of 37,000 footsoldiers and 3500 chariots was hiding behind the tell of Kadesh, but Ramses believed false rumors that his enemy was still near Haleb. After beating what he thought was the truth out of two captured Hittites, he held a council of war and the vizier in a chariot and a rider on horseback were dispatched south to hasten the progress of the Ptah division. While the Amen division was setting up camp, 2500 Hittite chariots attacked the marching Re division in two waves. The other two Egyptian divisions were still on the far side of the river Orontes (Arnath) near the town of Sabtuna. There are doubts of the possibility of the Hittite army being able to hide from the view of the Egyptians and cross the Orontes in sufficient numbers in a very short time to be able to mount a surprise attack, but if they were stationed on the western bank of the river they did not have to cross the Orontes itself but only the small brook, el Mukadiyeh, being stationed on the fields between the river and the town.

The Hittites dispersed the Amen division and began pillaging the Egyptian camp. The Pharaoh, fighting

among his body guard with his back to the river, looked lost.

At this time, a force referred to as nearin arrived, surprising the pilfering Hittites, and drove them out of the camp.

Ramses reorganized his forces and the Hittites escaped by retreating towards Kadesh. After receiving a message from Muwatalli, Ramses decided to retreat. According to the Egyptians, the "wretched, vanquished chief of Hatti" pleaded with the pharaoh     Suteh are you, Baal himself, your anger burns like fire in the land of Hatti... Your servant speaks to you and announces that you are the son of Re. He put all the lands into your hand, united as one. The land of Kemi, the land of Hatti, are at your service. They are under your feet. Re, your exalted father, gave them to you so you would rule us. Is it good, that you should kill your servants? ... Look at what you have done yesterday. You have slaughtered thousands of your servants ... You will not leave any

inheritance. Do not rob yourself of your property, powerful king, glorious in battle, give us breath in our nostrils.

Reconstruction of battle scene picture (Source: University of Quebec website)

The fortified town of Kadesh is in the top left corner, protected by arms of the Orontes. The Hittites are attacking from the left bank of the Orontes and Ramses is mounting a counterattack. Most of the action here seems to be between Egyptian chariotry and Hittite foot soldiers, when in reality the Hittites fought mainly with their chariots.

Ramses II (notice locks of red hair)

http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_6540000/newsid_6543700/6543739.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&ms3=6&ms_javascript=true&bbcws=2

Alexander the Great Ptolemy I

Cleopatra

Julius Caesar

Mark Antony

Octavian

http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/04/19/egypt.cleopatra.mystery/index.html#cnnSTCPhoto

A 2,000-year-old silver coin, showing an

image of the Egyptian Queen Cleopatra.