Petty drug selling and youth at risk in urban contexts (Colombian experience)

Catalina Gil PinzónConsultant, Open Society Foundations

Global Drug Policy Program

11 January 2019

COLOMBIA

Colombia is the world's largest producer of cocaine.

Micro-traffic and petty drug selling as the biggest threat in some cities.

Petty drug selling is the sale of psychoactive substances in small quantities at the local level

Vulnerable population (e.g. Youth at risk) is recruited to sell them.

This transaction usually needs a physical location such as a park, corner or square.

Subject to social censorship(visible to public).

Social, political and economic exclusion:

• Weak access to public services.• Racism and stigmatization from government and

society.• Youth unemployment.• Few spaces for youth participation

Presence of illegal armed groups that control illegal economies(not only drug market).

Victim of armed conflict: internal displacement, death of peersand relatives (trauma).

Role models and expectations related to violence, gangs andmoney.

Youth at-risk and their contexts

Policy Problem

• Youth is the main work force of criminal organizations that control drug markets and the most targeted by the police BUT:

- No effect in the supply chain.

- Easily to replace (do not know who they work for).

• Not enough understanding of the phenomenon or clear path on how to approach it.

• Current measures and public statements taken by Colombian government: criminal and punitive approach (youth = criminal).

• Framed as an exclusive topic of the security agenda: social and economic factor are overlooked.

• How we are measuring drug policy (seizures, captures).

Proposed Policy

Produce more evidence (and disseminate it) on the phenomenon: understand what are we talking about.

Involve young people in the analysis and the solutions.

Identify good practices of LOCAL projects/initiatives that can be replicable and the factor behind their success (to give alternative opportunities to young people that subsist on drug trafficking).

Organize/promote multi-stakeholders discussion spaces to understand the problem and identify possible solutions.

Design and implement effective ways to change narratives about drug issues (promote empathy).

Link the drug agenda with peacebuilding and development.

“We are on a stationary bicycle, spinning our wheels instead of moving forward” … but we can move forward

by including development, human rights and peacebuilding lenses.

1990 2010 2019

THANK YOU

11 January 2019

VICTIM SUPPORT PROGRAMME

HARLEEN KAUR VIN Partnership

11 January 2019

•There is no victim support programmein Malaysia

•The focus of our criminal justice system is mainly on the accused

STATUS QUO

The Problems

Victims are uninformed regarding:-

Court procedure;

Court timelines;

Accused may be released on bail;

Court dates.

• The formal atmosphere of the courtroom;

• The Deputy Public Prosecutor;

• The police;

• the accused & family;

• The accused’s counsel.

Victims may be intimidated by:-

Victims may be suffering from trauma and require:

• Assistance to fill out forms or apply for government aid;

• Reference to counseling;

• Testimony to be given in camera;

• Medical examination

• Intimidation/threats;

• The criminal court cannot order the offender to pay compensation;

• The DPPs have a backlog of cases and may be insufficiently prepared;

• Loss of reputation/shame on the family.

Victims are usually urged to ‘settle’ the matter by accepting monetary compensation on the following grounds:

All victims should be entitled to:

• Access to justice and fair treatment;

• Restitution

• Compensation

• Assistance

Long Term Policy Recommendations

A. The enactment of a Statute which stipulates a free Victim Support Service which is available to anyone (inclusive of non-citizens) who is a victim of a crime or an immediate family member of a deceased victim.

B. The Service should encompass emotional support, financial assistance, practical help, liaising with the police and the courts.

Policy Recommendations

New Path To DevelopmentThe Statute will also provide for the setting up of a department and the appointments of ‘Victim Care Officers’. The role of the Officers would be to

i. keep the victim informed regarding the progress of the Investigation and the court case;

ii. advise the victim regarding the procedures of the criminal justice system, specifically police procedure and the general investigation timeline;

iii. assist the victim to lodge a police report;

iv. assist the victim to fill out various administrative forms pertaining to claims, medical, insurance, etc;

v. assisting the victims to lodge complaints against the police and various other agencies.

Long Term Policy Recommendations

• Referral to other agencies (inclusive of NGOpartners);

• Financial Assistance & Compensation Schemes forvictims where the offender is unknown or has nofinancial ability to pay compensation. An initialfixed monetary sum to cover temporaryaccommodation/shelter and food to be given at thediscretion of the Victim Care Officer.

IMMEDIATE ACTIONS

Set a up a national volunteer programme to render support;

The Victim Support Programme consists of recent law graduates;

The graduates accompany the victims in court and render assistance;

The graduates prepare reports each day for each victim (compilation of data)

THANK YOU

11 January 2019

SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURELessons Learned from the case of Taal Lake, Philippines

Jellie MolinoTaal Lake Aquaculture Alliance, Inc.

11 January 2019

*Credit to the owner

*Credit to the owner

Background: Taal Lake, Philippines

“A Lake on an island in a lake on an island”

Deepest Lake in the Philippines and 3rd Largest in area next to Laguna Lake (1st) and Lake Mainit (2nd)

One of the lowest active volcanoes in the world.

Source: DENR

Taal Lake is a protected area. Taal Lake is an economic driver

The Philippines contributes 1.2% of the World farmed fish production in 2012 - FAO

Policy Problem:

The deteriorating conditions of the Taal Lake prompted a representative from the Congress (“Parliament”) to file a case before the Supreme Court of the Philippines for the removal of fish cages in the lake.

Policy Resolution: Court Intervention

COURT ACTIONS• Recognized not only the importance

of protecting the lake, but also the need and the rights of the community to a have decent source of “income;”

• Encouraged the parties to negotiate, which resulted to a memorandum of agreement for the sustainable use of Taal Lake;

• Approved the MOA; and • Issued a “Consent Decree with a Writ

of Continuing Mandamus.”

Results of the implementation of the Judicial Order: Sustainable Aquaculture in Taal Lake

Some of the salient features of the Code of Conduct for

Sustainable Aquaculture in Taal Lake

• Redistribution of fish cage allocations in different villages

• Adopting the best practices in sustainable aquaculture

• Community Stewardship

Obstacles, Challenges, and/or Allies

Moving Forward:

Reduce the level of opposition – Create more allies

Key Take-Away:The “Role” of “The Rule of Law” in promoting

“Co-management of Natural Resources” towards and through SDG 17

make a

Statement

Talk about it

bring an

Action in court

Resolution (sooner or later

it will be

resolved)

Be a STAR – Tony Oposa

Source: http://www.clipartbest.com/cute-star-images

THANK YOU

11 January 2019

Can AI Decision-Making

Be Made Accountable?

Arthit SuriyawongkulThai Netizen Network

Wisesight

11 January 2019

Perceived Problem

• Trend towards data-driven planning and decision-making, in governments, businesses, development programs, and humanitarian programs

• Concerns that data processing enables invisible discrimination at scale

• Transparency and trust:May or may not negatively discriminate against protected classes – but since it’s a black box, there’s a question of trust

• Traditional audit and remedies have gotten outpaced:Mistakes happen in non-automated system as well, but automated decision-making is a lot faster and on larger scale

Obstacles and Challenges• Many fields and sectors are unregulated

• Development of computer-driven decision making is market-driven with the focus on cost and not on public interest and privacy – market competition not necessarily lead to better standards of protection

• Not yet in the core focus of discussion among policy makers

• Problems are not recognized or well identified

Stakeholders• Citizens (data subjects), decision makers, technology companies,

individual administrative agencies, civil society organizations, data protection authorities, human rights bodies

Rule of Law Implications• Equality and non-discrimination

• Transparency

• Accountability

• Accessible remedies

• Regulatory enforcement

• Public participation

Rule of Law Implications

Decision MakingCapacity

X 1,000 per day

per day

ReviewingCapacity

per day

per day

OUTNUMBERED

Rule of Law Implications

AutomatedDecision MakerINPUT OUTPUT

g

Proposed Policy Recommendations• Develop principles on ethics on artificial intelligence and

automated decision making, that captures all the concerns from every stakeholders

• Explore and identify possible regulatory options: technology, market, law, and norms

• For example, data minimization principle (vs ‘dataholic’)

• A question to ask: What is this data to be collected for?

• If you cannot answer why you need it, maybe you don’t need it at all.

• Data can be useful. But there is always inherent cost/risk in the extractive industry, including the data extractive industry.

Proposed Policy Recommendations

AutomatedDecision MakerINPUT OUTPUT

• Explainable AI• Exclude sensitive data

• Detect proxydiscrimination

• Understand influence of input on a decision

• Detect significant disproportionate allocation against protected classes

Some Guiding Principles• Data Privacy, Ethics and Protection Guidance Note on Big Data for

Achievement of the 2030 Agenda – United Nations Development Group (2017)bit.ly/DataPrivacyUNDGGuidanceNote

• Building Ethics into Privacy Frameworks for Big Data and AI –International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP) and UN Global Pulse (2018)

• Principles to Promote Fairness, Ethics, Accountability and Transparency (FEAT) in the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics in Singapore’s Financial Sector – Monetary Authority of Singapore (2018)

• Discussion Paper on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Personal Data -Fostering Responsible Development and Adoption of AI – Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore (2018)

THANK YOU

11 January 2019

Anti-Corruption Ecosystem

Torplus YomnakSIAM lab@Econ Chula

HAND Social Enterprise

11 January 2019

Global Corruption Barometre

VS. Corruption Perceptions Index

15 New Laws and Regulations6 New EntitiesAll in 10 Years

Has there been perceptible change?BUT

Corruption

Source: HAND Social Enterprise

Citizen Feedback

Change

People

Participatio

n

Open

Data

Open Data

Before After

No

Gift

Polic

y

Prevention Disclosure

CultivationSupport

THANK YOU

11 January 2019