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New Granada
• 1740-1810 The modern nations of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador are grouped together, from 1740, as the Spanish viceroyalty of New Granada with its capital at Bogotá.
• Spain relaxes the long-standing mercantilist
restrictions on TRADE with its colonies,
resulting in a rapid increase in prosperity.
Bolívar and Gran Colombia: 1810-1822
Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan by birth and the central figure in the story of the independence movements of Latin America, is a young officer
in Caracas in 1810. For the next twelve years Bolívar's efforts are
directed single-mindedly towards liberating the whole of New Granada from Spanish rule.
• The optimism of July 1811, when a national assembly in Caracas formally declares Venezuela's independence, is followed by a
complete reversal a year later. The Spanish authorities rally, recover a
military initiative, and by July 1812 regain control of the entire
province.
Gran Colombia: 1822-1830
• Gran Colombia only has eight years as a functioning state, and they are increasingly turbulent. Bolívar technically remains president even during the period (1823-6) when he is away controlling the campaign in Peru. In his absence the acting president is one of his trusted commanders, Francisco de Paula Santander, a native of Colombia. Francisco de Paula
Santander.
Colombia's Independence Day
• July 20, 1810:On July 20, 1810, Colombian patriots stirred the population of Bogotá into street protests against Spanish rule. The Viceroy, under pressure, was forced to agree to allow for a limited independence which later became permanent. Today, July 20 is celebrated in Colombia as Independence Day.
Conspiracies and Flower Vases
• Bogota’s patriots had a plan. On the morning of the 20th, they would ask well-known Spanish merchant Joaquín Gonzalez Llorente to borrow a flower vase with which to adorn a table for a celebration in honor of Antonio Villavicencio. It was assumed that Llorente, who had a reputation for irascibility, would refuse. His refusal would be the excuse to provoke a riot.