Concept and History ofAnimation

DV204ADasar Animasi

Michael Bezaleel Wenas, S.Kom., M.Cs.

What is Animation?

Etimologi:•Animātiō: tindakan memberi kehidupan•Animo: memberi kehidupan•Anima: menghidupkan•-ātiō: tindakan•Animate: bring to life

What is Animation?

Baek and Layne (1988)“the process of generating a series of frames containing an object or objects so that each

frame appears as an alteration of the previous frame in order to show motion”

What is Animation?

Gonzales (1996)“a series of varying images presented

dynamically according to user action in ways that help the user to perceive a continuous

change over time and develop a more appropriate mental model of the task”

What is Animation?

Betrancourt and Tversky (2000)“computer animation refers to any application

which generates a series of frames, so that each frame appears as an alteration of the previous

one, and where the sequence of frames is determined either by the designer or the user”

Characteristics of Animation

Schnotz and Lowe (2003)•Technical– the technical devices used as the producers and

carriers of dynamic signs•Semiotic– the type of sign, that is the kind of dynamics that is

conveyed in the representation•Psychological– the perceptual and cognitive processes involved when

animations are observed and understood

How Animation works?

• Phi Phenomenon (Φ)• Beta movement (β)• Persistence of vision

Persistence of Vision

everything we see is a subtle blend of what is happening now and what happened a fraction

of a second ago

Peter Roget (1820)- persistence of vision with regard to moving object -

History of Animation

OLDEST ANIMATION IN THE WORLD5.200 years, found in Iran (1970s)

History of Animation

Thaumatrope (1828);

History of Animation

phenakistoscope (1831);

History of Animation

zoetrope (1860);

History of Animation

praxinoscope (1877);

History of Animation

Charles-Émile Reynaud, 28 October 1892, screening Pauvre Pierrot in Musée Grévin, Paris.

History of Animation

Winsor McCay produced a cartoon called “Gertie, The Trained Dinosaur” in 1914 which amazingly consisted of 10,000 drawings.

History of Animation

Walt Disney created the first cartoon with synchronized sound called “Steam Boat Willy” in 1928.

History of Animation

Jurassic Park use of CG for realistic living creatures in 1993.

Toy Story first full-length 3D CG feature film in 1995.

Style

• EROPA• AMERICA• ASIA