Perintis Sastera by C. HooykaasReview by: John M. EcholsJournal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 85, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1965), p. 606Published by: American Oriental SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/596745 .

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606 Journal of the American Oriental Society 85.4 (1965)

cials; we are simply hoping to interest ordinary people, men and women in the West . . ." (p. 13). This is therefore a book that will have little interest for the readers of this journal unless they teach undergraduate courses for which they wish to assign supplementary readings of this type. A further use might have been possible: an intro- ductory reading for those young women who inevitably suggest term papers on the role of women in country X. Unfortunately the " Sug- gestions for Further Reading" (pp. 527-529) is so meager and often poorly chosen that this vol- ume provides minimal guidance for such young students.

Having said this much about the book as a whole I should like to say a little more about Dr. Ward's excellent introductory essay. With rare lucidity in a modern social scientist she presents the idea of social roles and status, including those

which are incompatible and mutually exclusive; she defines complex societies in terms of the greater number of roles available to people; she discusses the normative in relation to change cor- rectly rejecting "westernization" as explanatory. Dr. Ward then gives a brief but trenchant ap- praisal of a series of factors that are affecting changes in South Asian nations ranging from modern medicine through political emancipation. Finally she sketches the impact of such factors on traditional institutions, particularly on the family and kinship, pointing out problems of compati- bility, or noncompatibility of these changes in respect to traditional roles. In a very few pages Dr. Ward has written a small gem of an essay whose clarity, good sense and perception deserve separate reprinting and distribution.

CORA DIi Bois HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Perintis Sastera. By C. HOOYKAAS. Terdjemahan Raihoel Amar Gelar Datoek Besar (Pustaka Bahasa dan Sastera). Pp. xv + 477 pp. Kuala Lumpur: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, 1965. M$. 11.50 boards). M$. 15.00.

This volume, roughly translated " Literary Pathblazer," is a Malay adaptation of the Indo- nesian language version of Literatuur in Maleis en Indonesisch (Groningen: J. B. Wolters) which appeared in 1952. The author and compiler is a renowned scholar in Malay and Indonesian studies with numerous important publications on the Balinese, Indonesian, Javanese and Malay litera- tures. For some years he has held the post of Reader in Old Javanese at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London and prior to this spent a number of years in teach- ing and research in Indonesia.

In preparing the Indonesian edition for use in Malaysia, the spelling has been changed to con- form with current Malay orthography. Some phraseology has been changed here and there in the text, but the major change, and a most useful one, is the expansion of parts of the first section to include data on recent Malay literature and the replacement of some selections in the earlier edi-

tion by additional and more up-to-date Indonesian writers and by the inclusion of modern Malay writing.

The volume is divided into three major parts, the first entitled " Pemandangan " (1-111) or short essays on seventy-seven literary topics or aspects of literature with Malay and Indonesian literary examples. Part II is called " iimpunan Jkhtisar " (115-184) or descriptions and discus- sions of the selections from the older literature found in Section B of Part III. The final part (III) is headed " Petikan " or " Selections " and is divided into two sections: A. Dari Zaman Moderen (187-321) and B. Dari Zaman Dulu (321-477) or "From the Modern Period" and "From the Older Period."

This volume is a fine introduction to the litera- tures of Malaysia and Indonesia and it will un- doubtedly prove to be a very useful survey text for the Malay secondary school as well as for the teacher training college. Like any anthology there will be differences of opinion about the selec- tions but in the reviewer's judgment the choices are quite good for the older period and ably selected for the later period.

JoHn M. ECHOLS CORNELL UNIVERSITY

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