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Perforating Modeling : Testing the Curves

Hanaey Ibrahim, Bruno Alves, Brenden Grove, Andy Martin, Shafie Jumaat

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Agenda

• The Rock Penetration Model

• Model Implementation in the Perforating Software

• Two shaped charges in Oman

• Laboratory test

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• Laboratory test

• Results

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15151515

20202020

25252525

Penetration Penetration Rock Rock based based model (SPEmodel (SPE--151846)151846)D

oP

(in

) )( ,0 birefbi FF

ref eDoPDoP−

=α

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0000

5555

10101010

0000 5555 10101010 15151515 20202020 25252525Fbi, Ballistic Indicator Function (function of UCS and effective stress)

Each characterization has DoPref and α

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15151515

20202020

25252525

Penetration Penetration Rock Rock based modelbased modelD

oP

(in

) )( ,0 birefbi FF

ref eDoPDoP−

=α

DoPDoPDoPDoPrrrrefefefef

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0000

5555

10101010

0000 5555 10101010 15151515 20202020 25252525Ballistic Indicator Function (function of UCS and effective stress)

FFFFbi,refbi,refbi,refbi,ref

Each characterization has DoPref and α

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15151515

20202020

25252525

Penetration Penetration Rock Rock based modelbased modelD

oP

(in

) )( ,0 birefbi FF

ref eDoPDoP−

=α

DoPDoPDoPDoPrrrrefefefef

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0000

5555

10101010

0000 5555 10101010 15151515 20202020 25252525Ballistic Indicator Function (function of UCS and effective stress)

DoPDoPDoPDoPrrrrefefefef

FFFFbi,refbi,refbi,refbi,ref

DoPref changed and α fixed

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15151515

20202020

25252525

Penetration Penetration Rock Rock based modelbased modelD

oP

(in

) )( ,0 birefbi FF

ref eDoPDoP−

=α

DoPDoPDoPDoPrrrrefefefef

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0000

5555

10101010

0000 5555 10101010 15151515 20202020 25252525Ballistic Indicator Function (function of UCS and effective stress)

FFFFbi,refbi,refbi,refbi,ref

DoPref fixed and changing α

αααα

αααα

αααα

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Comparing Charges

New generation charge

4.5” Gun 5spf in 7” casing:4.5” Gun 5spf in 7” casing:4.5” Gun 5spf in 7” casing:4.5” Gun 5spf in 7” casing:

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Previous generation charge

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Rock Model Implementation in the Software

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Software

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Rock Model Penetration Software Workflow

Modified section 2 rock test

12 shots with various

rock/stress combinations(Ballistic Indicator Function, FBI)

Characterize charge(Harvey et al)

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New penetration model(Harvey et al)

Casing, Fluid Correction(Saucier, Regalbutto, etc)

Perforating Modeling Software

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Rock Model Implementation in the Software

Other scenarios ?

� Carbonates

� Very hard rock

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� Very hard rock

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Characterization: Sandstones vs Carbonates

(SPE -151846)

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Characterization: Very Hard Rock (SPE-151846)

DoP

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Fbi20,000

Zero

Penetration ?

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DoP

Characterization: Very Hard Rock (SPE-151846)S

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Fbi20,000

DoPmin

� Laboratory experiment of very hard rock ( SPE-159771 and IPS-12-04)

� New parameter DoPmin implemeted

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Perforating Software Rock Model Implementation

� Carbonates

� Very hard rock

� Whole range of charges, new and old:

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Fbi

DoP

and old:

� Full characterization

� Approximated characterization

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Two “Approximated” Charges in Oman

Charge- BCharge-A

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Verification Test

• Laboratory tests conducted in May-2013

• 9-shot test for each Charge-A and Charge-B:

– 3 shots with Castlegate sandstone cores (1515 psi)

– 3 shots with Berea sandstone cores (7852 psi)

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– 3 shots with Crab Orchard sandstone cores (21,830 psi)

– All above with confinement pressure 5000psi

• Penetration results plotted against FBI and regressions

performed to established new DoPref and α. These new

parameters are now being used in the perforating software.

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Charge-A ResultNew

Old

Delta

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Charge-B ResultNew

Old

Delta

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Summary

• Charge-A delta penetration from -0.25 to 0.75 inch

• Charge-B delta penetration from 1.5 to 2.2 inch

• Charge-A and B are now fully characterized delivering

additional simulation confidence for both charges.

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additional simulation confidence for both charges.

• Other approximated characterized charges expected not to

be far off reality.