Perforating Technique

CHINA NATIONAL LOGGING CORP.

Perforating Technology Introduction


Contents

1. Brief introduction

2. New DP charges

3. HEPF technology


Brief introduction


• Casing and cement isolating wellbore.

• Establish fluid communication.

• Production operating proceeds.

Why Perforating?



Compact layerCompact layer

HoleHole

Invaded zoneInvaded zone Virgin zoneVirgin zone

Casing

Cem

ent


Perforating Types

Wireline conveyed perforating(WCP) Wireline casing perforating Through tubing perforating (TTP)

Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP)


Wellhead control equipment


.Easy to operate.

•Use of the safety detonator. •Big OD perforating guns.

•Cheap and easy for short intervals.

Advantages of WCP


•Overbalance perforating

• H2S & CO2 wells

• Deviated wells

• High pressure wells

Disadvantages of WCP


●Charges are closed in the carrier

●The charge lock is opened

● The gun is fired

TTP Perforating

Brief Introduction


• Long-interval perforating

• H2S & CO2 wells

• Deviated wells

• TCP-testing

• High pressure wells

• Reperforating

TCP Applications


•Formation protection. •Clean debris.•Big size guns. •Conceivable length of guns •Operation safety.•Combination with testing •Saving operating time.

Features of TCP


Choice dependent on:– Kind of completion:Natural, fractured,

sand control, and remedial

– Interval length

– Rig cost

– Post perforating testing

– Under balanced

TCP or WCP


Example 1

Wireline casing perforating

Country : Sudan

Well structure: 7 " casingCompletion fluid: water

Gun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm Perforating length:43.5mQty of lubricators: 4Total runs: 10Well depth: about 2300mTotal operating time:24 hrs


Example 2

Through tubing perforatingCountry : IranWell structure: 9 5/8 " casing(0-2499.5m) 7 " casing(2360.5m-3805.0m)gun type: 2 1/8" exposed spiral gunsPhasing: 90Shot density: 13spm Perf. length: 28.3mEnvironment: 4% H2S, High power radar, 110kV power line Safety : safety adapterResult : successful


Example 3

Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP)

Country : SudanWell structure: 7 " casingComp. fluid: waterGun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm Well depth: 2500mPerf. length: 73.5m, 105m including spacer.Result : all charges shot


Example 4

Dual casing perforating

Country : SudanWell structure: 9 5/8 " casing and 13 3/8 " casingComp. fluid: waterGun type: 5 " expendable steel hollow carrierPhasing: 90Shot density: 16spm After perf. Great bubbleTest conclusion:oil.


New DP Charges



1MD-1 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 7 〞2. Gun O.D. : 5 1/2 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm): 126. Explosive: RDX7. Explosive weight (g): 458. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.56 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 41.4 〞


1MD-2 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 7 〞2. Gun O.D. : 5 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm):126. Explosive type: RDX7. Explosive weight (g): 458. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.50 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 37.8 〞


1MD-3 Perforator

1. Casing O.D. : 5 1/2 〞2. Gun O.D. : 4 〞3. Gun type: high strength steel pipe, retrievable4. Phasing: 90 °5. Shot density(spm):166. Explosive type: RDX7. Explosive weight(g): 398. Temperature rating:163 /2h℃9. Pressure rating (Mpa):7010.EH in concrete target : 0.48 〞11.Penetration in concrete target: 33.7 〞




Effect of new DP charges

production before reperf. production after reperf. effectfluid (t/d) fluid (t/d) fluid (%)

Xinwei # 8.50 13.10 54.12Mingce # 5.10 6.90 35.29Xinwei ## 6.30 12.30 95.24Wei # 3.00 9.50 216.67Mingce # 18.90 32.80 73.54

well


Limitation of Conventional Perf.

1.Penetration and shot density

2. compaction damage

3. Residual energy


HEPF Technology


Meaning of HEPF

HEPF-High Energy Perforating and Fracturing


Principle of HEPF

1. Charges and propellant in the same gun2. Charges are detonated.3. Propellant is fired 4. High pressure generate5. Fracturing would be realized.



Characteristics of HEPF

1. Two different types of energy2. Overcoming the restriction of critical conditions 3. Removing compaction damage .4. Utilizing the residual energy of explosion.5. Simple process and convenient operation6. Safety operating and Economical costs


Performance of HEPF

1. Fracture length on target surface : 2500mm2. Fracture width on target surface: 5.3mm3. Fracture width on target side: 3mm4. Pressure rating: 80Mpa5. Temperature rating : 177 ℃


perforator type charge type gun size

(mm) shot density (spm) propellant type conveyance

TY-89-P DP36RDX 89 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-89-G DP36HMX 89 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-P41 DP41RDX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-G41 DP41HMX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-P44 DP44RDX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

TY-102-G44 DP44HMX 102 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing


TY-114-G DP44HMX 114 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing


TY-127-P DP44HMX 127 13/16 G/P wireline/ tubing

HEPF Products




Example 5 -HEPF

Area: TarimCompletion: reperforatingWell no: Lun south #Before HEPF:no commercial oil since 1993After HEPF: test rate 25t/d in 1999


Example 6 -HEPF

Well area: KazakstanPerforating depth： 3865mTotal interval： 52 mPerforating type:TCPPropellant quantity:1260g/mExpected production: 70t/dCompletion result: 120t/d

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Perforating Technique