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PE
RA
NG
KA
AN
PE
TR
OLE
UM
DA
N G
AS
AS
LI 2013
ISSN 1675-7432
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIADEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
HARGA :PRICE :
BOLEH DIPEROLEH DARI : OBTAINABLE FROM :
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia(Department Of Statistics, Malaysia)Unit Khidmat Pengguna,Blok C6, Kompleks C, Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan,62514 Putrajaya,MALAYSIA
Tel. : 03-88857000Faks / Fax : 03-88889248E-mel / E-mail : [email protected] Web : http://www.statistics.gov.myHomepage
RM20.00
DITERBIT DAN DICETAK OLEH JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUMDAN GAS ASLI
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GASSTATISTICS
2013
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN
GAS ASLI
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS
STATISTICS
2013
JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA
MALAYSIA
i
Penerbitan ini mempersembahkan perangkaan industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli
berdasarkan data yang diperoleh daripada Banci Industri Perlombongan Minyak Mentah dan
Gas Asli Tahunan yang dijalankan bagi tahun rujukan 2012. Data sekunder yang diperoleh
daripada Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) juga turut dimuatkan dalam laporan ini.
Data berkaitan perangkaan utama industri petroleum dan gas asli iaitu output, input
perantaraan, nilai ditambah, jumlah pekerja, gaji & upah yang dibayar dan nilai harta tetap yang
dimiliki dipersembahkan dalam penerbitan ini. Ringkasan penemuan banci ini dibentangkan di
bahagian pertama laporan manakala bahagian kedua memberi fokus kepada aspek teknikal
banci seperti skop dan liputan, metodologi, definisi dan konsep yang digunakan. Jadual-jadual
perangkaan yang terperinci juga turut dipersembahkan bagi membantu pengguna membuat
analisis.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia mengambil kesempatan ini untuk merakamkan penghargaan
kepada semua pihak, terutamanya kepada agensi yang membekalkan data dan menyumbang
kepada merealisasikan penerbitan ini. Sebarang cadangan dan pandangan ke arah
menambahbaik laporan ini pada masa hadapan amatlah dihargai.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN Ketua Perangkawan
Malaysia
November 2013
KATA PENGANTAR
ii
This publication presents statistics on the petroleum and natural gas mining industry based on
data collected from the Annual Census of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Mining Industry for
reference year 2012. The secondary data obtained from Petroliam Nasional Berhad
(PETRONAS) are also included in the report.
Data pertaining to principal statistics of the petroleum and natural gas industry i.e. output,
intermediate input, value added, total number of persons engaged, salaries & wages paid and
value of fixed assets owned are presented in this publication. The summary finding of the
census is contained in the first part of the report while the second part focuses on the technical
aspects such as scope and coverage, methodology, definitions and concepts used.
Detailed statistical tables are presented to assist users in their analysis.
The Department of Statistics, Malaysia takes this opportunity to express sincere appreciation to
all parties concerned, in particular, to the agencies for providing the data and their contributions in
realising this publication. All comments and suggestions towards improving future reports would
be greatly appreciated.
DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN Chief Statistician
Malaysia
November 2013
PREFACE
iii
Muka surat Page Kata pengantar i Preface
Ringkasan penemuan 3 Summary finding
Nota teknikal 23 Technical notes
Jadual
Table
Senarai jadual List of tables 1. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2005 - 2012 39 Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2005 - 2012 2. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut
taraf sah, 2012
40
Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by legal status,
2012
3. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut
hak milik, 2012
41
Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by ownership, 2012
4. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut
saiz pekerja, 2012
42
Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by employment
size, 2012
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
iv
Muka surat Page
5. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut
saiz output, 2012
43
Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by output size, 2012 6. Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut
saiz harta tetap, 2012
44
Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by fixed assets size,
2012
7. Pekerja bergaji, gaji & upah dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas
asli mengikut kategori pekerja, 2012
45
Paid employees, salaries & wages in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry
by category of workers, 2012
8. Bilangan pekerja dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli
mengikut kelulusan akademik, 2012
46
Number of employees in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry by academic
qualification, 2012
9. Nilai harta tetap dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli
mengikut jenis harta tetap, 2012
47
Value of fixed assets in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry by type of
fixed assets, 2012
10. Penggunaan komputer, internet dan web presence dalam industri
perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2010 - 2012
48
Usage of computer, internet and web presence in the petroleum and natural gas
mining industry, 2010 - 2012
Jadual Table
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
v
Jadual Muka surat Table Page
11. Jenis rangkaian komputer yang digunakan dalam industri perlombongan
petroleum dan gas asli, 2010 - 2012
49
Types of computer network used in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry,
2010 - 2012
12. Penggunaan internet dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli,
2010 - 2012
50
Internet usage in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2010 - 2012 13. Harga purata ‘lifting’ berpemberat minyak mentah, 2005 - 2012 51 Weighted average lifting price of crude oil, 2005 - 2012 14. Pengeluaran bulanan minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2012 52
Monthly production of crude oil and natural gas, 2012 15. Pengeluaran minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2005 - 2012 53
Production of crude oil and natural gas, 2005 - 2012
16. Kuantiti eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas 54 asli cecair, 2005 - 2012 Exports and imports quantity of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, 2005 - 2012 17. Nilai eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli 55
Exports and imports value of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, 2005 - 2012
cecair, 2005 - 2012
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
vi
Jadual Muka surat Table Page
18. Pengeluaran produk utama petroleum bertapis, 2005 - 2012 56 Production of main refined petroleum products, 2005 - 2012 19. Nilai jualan produk utama petroleum bertapis, 2005 - 2012 57 Sales value of main refined petroleum products, 2005 - 2012 20A. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
semasa - RM Juta
58
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current price - RM Million 20B. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
semasa - perubahan peratusan tahunan
59
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current price - annual
percentage change
20C. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
semasa - pembahagian peratusan KDNK
60
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current price - percentage
share of GDP
21A. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
malar 2005 - RM Juta
61
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005
prices - RM Million
21B. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
Malar 2005 - perubahan peratusan tahunan
62
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005
prices - annual percentage change
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
vii
Jadual Muka surat Table Page
21C. Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga
Malar 2005 - pembahagian peratusan KDNK
63
Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005
prices - percentage share of GDP
Maklumat tambahan 66 Additional information
KANDUNGAN / CONTENTS
SUMMARY FINDING
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
3
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
1. Pendahuluan
Penerbitan ini mempersembahkan perangkaan bagi industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli
berdasarkan Banci Industri Perlombongan Minyak Mentah dan Gas Asli Tahunan yang telah
dijalankan pada tahun 2013 untuk tahun rujukan 2012. Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Petroliam
Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Perangkaan Pembuatan Bulanan, Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar
Negeri dan Akaun Negara Tahunan juga turut dipersembahkan.
2. Prestasi keseluruhan
Prestasi industri petroleum dan gas asli di Malaysia bagi tahun rujukan 2012 berbanding tahun
rujukan 2011 yang diperoleh daripada Banci adalah seperti di Carta 1.
Nilai output kasar pada tahun 2012 berjumlah RM109.4 bilion dengan peningkatan sebanyak
RM0.2 bilion atau 0.2 peratus berbanding RM109.2 bilion pada tahun 2011. Nilai output kasar dinilai
pada harga unit di telaga. Nilai input perantaraan mencatatkan penurunan sebanyak 7.4 peratus
pada tahun 2012. Berdasarkan perbezaan antara nilai output kasar dan nilai input perantaraan seperti
dinyatakan, nilai ditambah meningkat sebanyak RM1.3 bilion (1.5 peratus). Jumlah guna tenaga
menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 1,711 orang pekerja atau 12.9 peratus kepada 15,015 orang
pekerja berbanding 13,304 orang pekerja pada tahun 2011.
Nilai harta tetap yang dimiliki pada 2012 juga turut meningkat kepada RM159.1 bilion, peningkatan
sebanyak 8.6 peratus berbanding RM146.5 bilion yang dilaporkan pada tahun sebelumnya.
Perbelanjaan modal terbesar pada tahun 2012 adalah perbelanjaan modal bagi mencari gali mineral
Carta 1 : Perangkaan utama industri petroleum dan gas asli, 2011 dan 2012
4
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
3. Guna tenaga
Industri perlombongan minyak mentah dan gas asli mencatatkan jumlah pekerja seramai
15,015 orang pada tahun rujukan. Taburan pekerja sepenuh masa mengikut kategori pekerja dan
gaji & upah yang dibayar ditunjukkan di Carta 2. Pekerja pengurusan dan profesional merupakan
kategori pekerja terbesar dengan catatan sebanyak 50.5 peratus (7,590 orang pekerja) dalam tahun
rujukan. Mereka menerima gaji & upah tertinggi iaitu sebanyak RM2.5 bilion atau 68.1 peratus
daripada jumlah gaji & upah dibayar. Sementara itu, sebanyak 29.0 peratus atau 4,352 orang
merupakan pekerja teknik dan penyeliaan dan 8.8 peratus atau 1,321 orang adalah pekerja
pengeluaran/ operatif yang diambil bekerja secara langsung.
Carta 2 : Bilangan pekerja mengikut kategori pekerja, 2012
yang menyumbang 63.5 peratus daripada keseluruhan perbelanjaan modal dalam tahun tersebut.
Sumbangan industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli kepada Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar
(KDNK) pada tahun 2012 adalah sebanyak 8.3 peratus (pada harga malar 2005) berbanding
8.7 peratus pada 2011.
Purata gaji tahunan yang tertinggi direkodkan oleh kategori pengurusan dan profesional iaitu
sebanyak RM331,155 diikuti oleh pekerja teknik dan penyeliaan (RM185,053), pekerja pengeluaran/
operatif diambil bekerja secara langsung (RM164,169) dan pekerja pengeluaran/ operatif diambil
bekerja melalui kontraktor buruh (RM132,470) seperti yang dipaparkan dalam Carta 2.
5
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Carta 3, analisis guna tenaga mengikut kelulusan akademik
menunjukkan bahawa kumpulan terbesar pekerja adalah daripada golongan pemegang ijazah
universiti atau setaraf dengan 53.8 peratus, diikuti oleh diploma atau setaraf, 18.6 peratus dan SPM
atau setaraf, 11.5 peratus.
Dari segi guna tenaga mengikut jantina, pekerja lelaki secara signifikan lebih dominan dalam industri
perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, dengan catatan sebanyak 74.8 peratus (11,231 orang)
daripada jumlah pekerja, manakala selebihnya iaitu 25.2 peratus (3,784 orang) adalah pekerja
perempuan, seperti dipaparkan dibawah. Berdasarkan Carta 4, aliran yang sama juga ditunjukkan
dalam agihan pekerja mengikut kelulusan.
Carta 4 : Bilangan pekerja mengikut jantina dan kelulusan, 2012
Jumlah pekerja lelaki : 11,231 orang Jumlah pekerja perempuan : 3,784 orang
Jumlah pekerja : 15, 015 orang
Carta 3 : Bilangan pekerja mengikut kelulusan akademik, 2012
6
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
4. Pengeluaran minyak mentah, peluwap dan gas asli
Pengeluaran minyak mentah paling tinggi dicatatkan pada tahun 2005 iaitu sebanyak 257 juta tong
menurun kepada 243 juta tong (-5.2 peratus) pada tahun 2006. Penurunan paling besar direkodkan
pada tahun 2011 dengan 10.7 peratus, penurunan dua angka berbanding tahun sebelumnya.
Sebaliknya, pada tahun 2012, pengeluaran minyak mentah mencatatkan peningkatan sebanyak
3.1 peratus setelah mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2009.
Seperti yang dapat dilihat di Carta 5, pengeluaran gas asli pula menunjukkan peningkatan pada
setiap tahun kecuali pada tahun 2009 yang merekodkan penurunan sebanyak 1.7 peratus. Prestasi
pengeluaran minyak mentah dan gas asli untuk tempoh 2005 hingga 2012 adalah seperti di paparkan
di atas.
Nota: Jumlah pengeluaran minyak mentah merujuk kepada pengeluaran minyak mentah dan peluwap, sementara jumlah pengeluaran gas asli merangkumi pengeluaran gas asli bersekutu dan gas asli tidak bersekutu.
Sumber : PETRONAS
MMSCF: (Juta) Kaki Padu Standard M
MS
CF
Tahun
Produk
2010
2011
2012
Peratusan Perubahan Tahunan
Minyak mentah (juta tong) 233 207 214 (10.7) 3.1
Gas asli (MMSCF) 2,159 2,165 2,198 0.3 1.5
2011 2012
Carta 5 : Pengeluaran minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2005 - 2012
To
ng
(ju
ta)
7
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
5. Eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair
Eksport petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair (termasuk dieksport semula)
pada tahun 2012 adalah berjumlah RM135.7 bilion atau 19.3 peratus daripada jumlah eksport
Malaysia. Pada tahun 2012, gas asli cecair masih merupakan komoditi eksport terbesar iaitu
sebanyak RM56.1 bilion (41.4 peratus). Manakala, eksport produk petroleum mencatatkan nilai
RM47.6 bilion (35.1 peratus) dan eksport petroleum mentah pula sebanyak RM32.0 bilion
(23.5 peratus), seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.
Komoditi import yang terbesar pada tahun 2012 adalah import produk petroleum yang bernilai
RM48.2 bilion (63.9 peratus), diikuti petroleum mentah bernilai RM27.3 bilion (36.1 peratus). Jumlah
import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair pada tahun 2012 adalah berjumlah
RM75.5 bilion (12.4 peratus) daripada jumlah import Malaysia.
Seperti yang dipaparkan dalam Carta 6, Australia merupakan destinasi utama eksport petroleum
mentah Malaysia iaitu sebanyak 38.3 peratus, diikuti oleh Thailand (16.3 peratus), India (16.0 peratus)
Jadual 1: Eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair, 2012
Sumber : Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia
Produk Eksport (RM bilion) Import (RM bilion) % %
a. Petroleum mentah
b. Produk petroleum
c. Gas asli cecair
32.0
47.6
56.1
27.3
48.2
-
36.1
63.9
-
23.5
35.1
41.4
Jumlah 135.7 75.5 100.0 100.0
Carta 6: Eksport petroleum mentah Malaysia mengikut negara, 2012
Australia
Thailand
China
India
Negara lain
Jepun
Jumlah :
RM32.0 bilion
8
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
dan Jepun (9.4 peratus) pada 2012. Sebaliknya, pada 2011 India merupakan destinasi kedua
terbesar eksport petroleum mentah. Pada 2012, Thailand telah mengambil alih tempat India
sebagai pengimport kedua terbesar petroleum mentah.
Pada 2012, Malaysia telah mengimport RM27.3 bilion petroleum mentah daripada negara lain
dengan 31.9 peratus adalah dari negara Arab Saudi dan Emiriah Arab Bersatu. Ini seterusnya
diikuti oleh Qatar (13.7 peratus) dan Vietnam (12.1 peratus), seperti yang dipaparkan dalam
Carta 7.
6. Eksport Gas Asli Cecair (LNG)
Seperti pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya, negara Jepun kekal mendominasi sebagai destinasi utama
eksport LNG dengan catatan sebanyak 70.6 peratus daripada jumlah eksport komoditi ini. Ini diikuti
oleh Taiwan dan Republik Korea, masing-masing 13.3 peratus dan 11.9 peratus (Carta 8).
Carta 7 : Import petroleum mentah Malaysia mengikut negara, 2012
Negara lain Arab Saudi
Qatar
Jumlah :
RM27.3 bilion
Vietnam
Venezuela
Emiriah Arab Bersatu
Colombia
Libya
Carta 8 : Eksport gas asli cecair Malaysia mengikut negara, 2012
Jepun 70.6% Republik Korea
11.9%
Taiwan
13.3%
Jumlah : RM56.1 bilion
Negara lain 4.3 %
9
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
7. Harga purata bulanan minyak mentah, 2012
Harga purata bulanan bagi setong minyak mentah menunjukkan aliran yang tidak sekata sepanjang
tahun seperti ditunjukkan dalam Carta 9. Harga purata minyak mentah mencapai harga purata
tertinggi pada bulan Mac 2012 dengan nilai sebanyak USD130.47 setong. Harga purata bulanan
minyak mentah terendah dicatatkan pada bulan Jun 2012 iaitu sebanyak USD105.17 setong. Harga
ini adalah berbeza dengan harga unit di telaga.
8. Penggunaan ICT
Oleh kerana industri ini melibatkan penggunaan sistem teknologi yang tinggi dalam
pelaksanaan proses pengekstrakan minyak mentah dan gas asli, adalah dijangkakan bahawa
penggunaan ICT merupakan satu elemen penting dalam industri ini. Ia selari dengan maklumat
yang dilaporkan dalam Banci pada tahun rujukan dengan 100 peratus pertubuhan yang
menjalankan aktiviti pengekstrakan minyak mentah dan gas asli dilaporkan menggunakan komputer,
internet dan web presence pada 2012 (Carta 10).
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Jun Jul Ogos Sep Okt Nov Dis
Sumber : PETRONAS Bulan
Carta 9 : Harga purata bulanan dan harga purata terkumpul minyak mentah, 2012
Harga purata bulanan Harga purata terkumpul
USD130.47
USD105.17
US
D s
e t
on
g
10
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
Carta 10 : Penggunaan komputer, internet dan web presence, 2012
Pada tahun 2012, pertubuhan dalam industri perlombongan minyak mentah dan gas asli dilaporkan
menggunakan 100 peratus rangkaian intranet, rangkaian kawasan setempat dan rangkaian
kawasan luas dan hanya 81.3 peratus sahaja pertubuhan yang menggunakan rangkaian extranet
(rujuk Carta 11). Extranet adalah merujuk kepada rangkaian tertutup yang menggunakan protokol
internet untuk keselamatan iaitu berkongsi maklumat perusahaan dengan pembekal, vendor,
pelanggan atau rakan kongsi perniagaan lain.
Carta 11 : Jenis penggunaan rangkaian komputer dalam industri perlombongan minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2012
11
RINGKASAN PENEMUAN
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
Pada tahun 2012, sebanyak 93.9 peratus pekerja dilaporkan menggunakan komputer dan
65.5 peratus pekerja dilaporkan menggunakan internet dalam industri perlombongan minyak mentah
dan gas asli. Berdasarkan kepada Jadual 2, kumpulan pertubuhan dengan saiz pekerja 1,000 orang
dan lebih merupakan kumpulan yang paling ramai menggunakan komputer (94.7%).
Manakala, kumpulan pertubuhan dengan saiz pekerja kurang daripada 1,000 orang mencatatkan
penggunaan internet yang tertinggi iaitu sebanyak 71.8 peratus.
Jadual 2 : Kadar pekerja yang menggunakan komputer dan internet dalam industri perlombongan minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2012
12
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
1. Introduction
This publication presents data on the petroleum and natural gas mining industry for reference year
2012, based on the Annual Census of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Mining Industry conducted in
2013. Secondary data obtained from Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Monthly
Manufacturing Statistics, External Trade Statistics and Annual National Accounts are also
presented.
2. Overall performance
The performance of the petroleum and natural gas mining industry in Malaysia for reference year
2012 as compared to 2011 which was obtained from the Census is shown in Chart 1.
The total value of gross output in 2012 was RM109.4 billion with an increase of RM0.2 billion or
0.2 per cent from RM109.2 billion in 2011. The value of gross output is valued at ex-well unit price.
The value of intermediate input recorded a decrease of 7.4 per cent in 2012. Based on the
difference of value of gross output and intermediate input as stated, the value added increased by
RM1.3 billion (1.5 per cent). Total employment registered an increase of 1,711 employees or
12.9 per cent to record 15,015 employees as compared to 13,304 employees in 2011.
Chart 1 : Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2012 and 2011
13
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
3. Employment
The petroleum and natural gas mining industry recorded a total of 15,015 employees in the
reference year. The distribution of full-time employees by category of workers and salaries & wages
paid is shown in Chart 2. The largest category of workers was managerial and professional
which accounted for 50.5 per cent (7,590 persons) of all employees in the reference year. They
received the highest salaries & wages at RM2.5 billion, or 68.1 per cent from the total salaries &
wages paid. Meanwhile, 29.0 per cent or 4,352 employees were employed as technical and
supervisory workers and 8.8 per cent or 1,321 employees were production/ operative workers
directly employed.
The highest average annual salary was recorded by the managerial and professional category with
a value of RM331,155 followed by technical and supervisory (RM185,053), production/ operative
workers directly employed (RM164,169), and production/ operative workers employed through
labour contractors (RM132,470), as shown in Chart 2.
The value of fixed assets owned in 2012 rose to RM159.1 billion, an increase of 8.6 per cent
compared to RM146.5 billion reported in the previous year. The largest capital expenditure incurred
was mineral exploration, with a contribution of 63.5 per cent of total capital expenditure in the
reference year. The share of the petroleum and natural gas mining industry to the Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) in 2012, was 8.3 per cent (at constant 2005 prices), while the comparative figure in
2011 was 8.7 per cent.
Chart 2 : Number of employees by category of workers, 2012
14
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
As shown in Chart 3, the employment analysis by academic qualification indicates that the largest
group of employees were university degree holders or equivalent with 53.8 per cent, followed by
diploma or equivalent, 18.6 per cent and SPM or equivalent, 11.5 per cent.
In terms of employment by gender, male employees were significantly dominant in the petroleum and
natural gas industry constituting 74.8 per cent (11,231 persons) of total employment while the
remaining 25.2 per cent (3,784 employees) were females, as shown below. Based on Chart 4, similar
trend was observed in distribution of employees by qualification.
Chart 3 : Number of employees by academic qualification, 2012
Chart 4 : Number of employees by gender and academic qualifications, 2012
Total male employees : 11,231 persons Total female employees : 3,784 persons
Total employees : 15, 015 persons
15
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
4. Production of crude oil, condensate and natural gas
Production of crude oil which peaked at 257 million barrels in 2005 dropped to 243 million barrels
(-5.2 per cent) in 2006. The largest decline was recorded in 2011 with 10.7 per cent, a double digit
decline as compared to the previous year. On the contrary, in 2012, production of crude oil recorded
an increase of 3.1 per cent after a decline since year 2009.
As can be seen in Chart 5, production of natural gas showed an increase for every year
except for year 2009 which recorded a decreased of 1.7 per cent. The performance of the
production of crude oil and natural gas for the period of 2005 until 2012 is shown above.
Barr
el (m
illio
n)
Source : PETRONAS
MMSCF: Million Standard Cubic Feet Year
Product
2010
2011
2012
Annual percentage change
Crude oil (million barrel) 233 207 214 (10.7) 3.1
Natural gas (MMSCF) 2,159
2,165 2,198 0.3 1.5
2011 2012
MM
SC
F
Notes: Total production of crude oil refers to the production of crude oil and condensate, while the total production of natural gas includes associated natural gas and non-associated natural gas.
Chart 5 : Production of crude oil and natural gas, 2005 - 2012
16
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
5. Exports and imports of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas
Exports of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas (including
re-exports) in 2012 amounted to RM135.7 billion or 19.3 per cent of total export in Malaysia. In 2012,
liquefied natural gas remained as the largest exports commodity accounting for RM56.1 billion
(41.4 per cent). Meanwhile, the exports of petroleum products registered a value of RM47.6 billion
(35.1 per cent) and crude petroleum export’s recorded RM32.0 billion (23.5 per cent), as shown in
Table 1.
The largest imports commodity in 2012 was petroleum products with a value of RM48.2 billion
(63.9 per cent) followed by imports of crude petroleum, RM27.3 billion (36.1 per cent). The total
import of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas in 2012 amounted to
RM75.5 billion (12.4 per cent) of total import in Malaysia.
As shown in Chart 6, Australia was Malaysia’s major exports destination of crude petroleum with a
share of 38.3 per cent, followed by Thailand (16.3 per cent), India (16.0 per cent) and Japan
Table 1 : Exports and imports of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, 2012
Product Exports (RM billion) Imports (RM billion) % %
a. Crude petroleum
b. Petroleum products
c. Liquefied natural gas
32.0
47.6
56.1
27.3
48.2
-
23.5
35.1
41.4
36.1
63.9
-
Total 135.7 75.5 100.0 100.0
Source : External Trade Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Australia
Thailand
India
Other countries
Japan
China
Chart 6 : Malaysia’s exports of crude petroleum by country, 2012
Total : RM32.0 billion
17
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
(9.4 per cent) in 2012. While, in 2011 India was the second largest destination of crude petroleum. In
2012, Thailand has overtaken India as the second largest importer of crude petroleum.
In 2012, Malaysia imported RM27.3 billion of crude petroleum from other countries with 31.9 per cent
were from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. This was followed by Qatar (13.7 per cent) and
Vietnam (12.1 per cent), as shown in Chart 7 .
6. Exports of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
As in previous years, Japan continued to dominate as a main destination for LNG exports which
accounted for 70.6 per cent of the total export of this commodity. This was followed by Taiwan and
Republic of Korea,13.3 per cent and 11.9 per cent respectively (Chart 8).
Chart 7: Malaysia’s imports of crude petroleum by country, 2012
Venezuela
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
Other countries
Total : RM27.3 billion
Colombia
Qatar
Libya United Arab
Emirates
Chart 8 : Malaysia’s exports of liquified natural gas by country, 2012
Japan 70.6%
Republic of Korea 11.9%
Taiwan 13.3%
Total : RM56.1billion
Other countries
4.3%
18
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
7. Monthly average price of crude oil, 2012
Throughout the year, the monthly average price per barrel of crude oil showed a volatile trend as
illustrated in Chart 9. The average price of crude oil reached its peak in March 2012 with the value of
USD130.47 per barrel. The lowest average price of crude oil was recorded in June 2012 with
USD105.17 per barrel. This price is differ from the ex-well unit price.
8. Usage of ICT
As this industry involved the use of high technology system to perform the extraction of crude oil and
natural gas, it is to be expected that the usage of ICT was an important element in this industry. This
is consistent with the information reported in the Census for the reference year with a 100 per cent
usage of computers, internet and web presence for the establishments engaged in the extraction of
crude oil and natural gas in 2012 (Chart 10).
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Chart 9 : Monthly average price and cumulative average price of crude oil, 2012
Cumulative average price
Source : PETRONAS Month
US
D p
er
ba
rrel
USD105.17
USD130.47
Monthly average price
19
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
In 2012, the establishments in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry were reported using a
100 per cent of intranet network, local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN), while only
81.3 per cent of establishments used extranet network (refer Chart 11). An extranet network refers to
a closed network that uses internet protocol to securely share an enterprise’s information with
suppliers, vendors, customers or other businesses partners.
Chart 10: Usage of computer, internet and web presence, 2012
Chart 11: Type of computer network used in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2012
20
SUMMARY FINDING
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
In 2012, 93.9 per cent of employees in this industry reported using computers and 65.5 per cent of
employees reported using the internet in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry. Based on
Table 2, the group of establishments with 1,000 employees and above recorded the largest
proportion of computer used (94.7 per cent). Meanwhile, the group of less than 1,000 employees
registered the highest usage of internet, accounted for 71.8 per cent.
Table 2 : Proportion of employees using computer and internet in the crude oil and natural gas mining industry, 2012
TECHNICAL NOTES
NOTA TEKNIKAL
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2013
NOTA TEKNIKAL
23
Pendahuluan Laporan ini memuatkan maklumat industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli
bagi tahun rujukan 2012. Banci ini telah dijalankan pada tahun 2013.
Objektif Objektif utama Banci adalah untuk mengumpul maklumat tentang pertumbuhan,
sumbangan, komposisi dan taburan output, nilai ditambah, guna tenaga dan
pemboleh ubah lain bagi sektor ini untuk membantu kerajaan dalam perancangan
pembangunan dan penggubalan dasar. Maklumat tersebut boleh juga digunakan
oleh pihak swasta serta individu bagi tujuan membuat analisis ekonomi.
Kuasa Banci / penyiasatan dilaksanakan di bawah Akta Perangkaan 1965 (Disemak 1989).
Di bawah Akta ini, kandungan soal selidik yang diterima adalah sulit. Selaras
dengan keperluan Akta ini, hanya angka agregat diterbitkan.
Skop dan Banci ini meliputi semua pertubuhan yang terlibat dalam menjalankan aktiviti
eksplorasi perlombongan minyak mentah dan gas asli. Data sekunder diperoleh dari
Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) di mana ianya adalah merupakan sumber
utama rangka bagi banci ini.
Konsep dan Konsep dan definisi yang digunakan berasaskan kepada syor United Nations
Statistics Division. Konsep tersebut adalah mengikut amalan yang telah diterima
pakai dan dengan itu memudahkan perbandingan data di peringkat antarabangsa.
Takrif perlombongan yang digunakan dalam banci ini adalah seperti berikut:
“Perlombongan adalah ditakrifkan sebagai pengekstrakan, pembersihan dan
pemanfaatan mineral-mineral semulajadi, berbentuk pepejal seperti arang batu dan
bijih, cecair seperti minyak mentah dan berbentuk gas seperti gas asli.
Perlombongan termasuk lombong bawah tanah dan lombong permukaan, kuari dan
telaga-telaga dan semua kegiatan tambahan untuk pembersihan dan pemanfaatan
bijih dan mineral mentah lain seperti pemecahan, penapisan, pembasuhan,
pembersihan, penggredan, pengilangan, pengapungan, peleburan, penggentelan,
pengkacipan dan persiapan-persiapan lain yang diperlukan bagi menyediakan
bahan-bahan ini untuk membolehkannya dipasarkan. Aktiviti perlombongan juga
dikelaskan kepada kumpulan-kumpulan berdasarkan mineral utama yang
dikeluarkan.”
perundangan
liputan
definisi
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
NOTA TEKNIKAL
24
Tahun rujukan Tahun rujukan bagi banci adalah tahun takwim 2012. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi
pertubuhan yang tahun kewangannya berbeza kurang daripada enam bulan
berbanding tahun takwim, angka tahun kewangan diterima pakai sebagai mewakili
tahun takwim.
Metodologi Banci dilaksanakan secara mel dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik yang
standard. Responden diberi tempoh sehingga dua bulan untuk melengkap dan
mengembalikan borang soal selidik tersebut kepada Jabatan ini.
Unit melapor Banci ini dilaksanakan berasaskan pendekatan pertubuhan. Pertubuhan ditakrifkan
sebagai:
“Secara ideal, sebagai satu unit ekonomi yang bergiat di bawah satu hak milik atau
penguasaan tunggal, iaitu di bawah satu entiti yang sah. Ia menjalankan satu jenis
aktiviti ekonomi atau mempunyai satu jenis aktiviti ekonomi utama di satu tempat /
lokasi fizikal.
Taraf sah Taraf sah sesebuah pertubuhan ditakrifkan seperti berikut:
(i) Syarikat sendirian berhad : Ia merupakan sebuah perbadanan swasta yang
ditubuhkan untuk menjalankan perniagaan dengan matlamat mencari
keuntungan. Sahamnya dipegang secara tertutup (closely held) oleh
pemegang-pemegang saham yang mempunyai kawalan terhadap operasi
syarikat. Ia didaftarkan dengan tanggungan berhad (with limited liability).
Sesebuah syarikat sendirian berhad mempunyai Memorandum dan Artikel
Persatuan sendiri, yang antara lain:
(a) menghadkan hak untuk memindahkan sahamnya;
(b) menghadkan bilangan pemegang sahamnya di antara dua hingga lima
puluh orang (tidak termasuk pekerja syarikat itu dan bekas pekerja yang
masih menjadi ahli);
(c) melarang sebarang penawaran kepada orang ramai untuk membeli
apa-apa saham atau debentur syarikat itu; dan
(d) melarang sebarang pelawaan kepada orang ramai supaya menyimpan
wang di syarikat itu bagi sesuatu tempoh yang ditetapkan ataupun untuk
dibayar bila dituntut, sama ada dengan faedah atau tidak.
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
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(ii) Syarikat awam berhad : Syarikat awam berhad juga merupakan sebuah
perbadanan swasta yang ditubuhkan, dengan tanggungan berhad, oleh
sekurang-kurangnya dua orang untuk menjalankan perniagaan dengan tujuan
mencari keuntungan. Saham syarikat awam berhad dipegang secara terbuka
(openly held) dan bagi sesebuah syarikat yang disenaraikan di Bursa Saham,
sahamnya boleh bertukar milik secara bebas. Syarikat tersebut dianggap
sebagai entiti yang sah dan ditubuhkan mengikut Memorandum dan Artikel
Persatuan.
(iii) Lain-lain : Ia merujuk kepada semua pertubuhan lain yang tidak termasuk di
mana-mana kategori yang tersebut di atas, umpamanya syarikat sendirian
bukan berhad, misalnya syarikat yang diperbadankan di Malaysia, dsb.
Hak milik Hak milik sesebuah pertubuhan dikelaskan mengikut taraf pemastautin
pemilik-pemilik modal berbayar terbesar (melebihi 50%) dan bukannya mengikut
taraf kewarganegaraan mereka. Dalam kes di mana setiap pihak (Residen Malaysia
dan Bukan Residen Malaysia) memegang bilangan saham yang sama dalam
perniagaan berkenaan maka pertubuhan tersebut akan dikelaskan di bawah ‘Hak
Milik Bersama’.
Residen ditakrifkan sebagai individu, pertubuhan atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya
berada di Malaysia untuk jangka masa sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun. Residen
meliputi:
Cawangan dan anak syarikat asing yang didaftarkan di Malaysia
Warganegara asing yang menetap atau bekerja di Malaysia lebih daripada
setahun
Bukan Residen ialah individu, pertubuhan atau organisasi lain yang lazimnya
terletak di luar negara. Bukan residen terdiri daripada:
Cawangan dan anak syarikat Malaysia di luar negara
Rakyat Malaysia yang bekerja atau menetap di luar negara
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
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Bilangan Bilangan pekerja dalam sesebuah pertubuhan merujuk kepada bilangan orang
bekerja yang bekerja pada bulan Disember atau pada tempoh pembayaran gaji terakhir
tahun rujukan. Ia termasuk pekerja bergaji (tetap / sambilan), pemilik yang bekerja
dan rakan niaga yang aktif, dan pekerja keluarga tidak bergaji. Mereka yang
sedang bercuti juga diambil kira.
i) Pemilik yang bekerja dan rakan niaga yang aktif merujuk kepada semua
pemilik perseorangan dan rakan niaga, sambilan atau sepenuh masa, yang
bekerja dengan aktif dalam pertubuhan itu. Ia tidak termasuk rakan niaga yang
tidak aktif.
ii) Pekerja keluarga tidak bergaji ditakrifkan sebagai semua ahli isi rumah
kepada pemilik pertubuhan yang melaksanakan kerja tertentu (sepenuh masa
atau sambilan) dan bekerja sekurang-kurangnya satu pertiga daripada waktu
bekerja biasa yang diamalkan oleh pertubuhan berkenaan tanpa mendapat
bayaran secara regular, sama ada dalam bentuk wang tunai atau mata benda
bagi kerja yang dilakukan. Biasanya pekerja berkenaan mendapat makanan,
tempat tinggal dan bantuan lain sebagai sebahagian daripada ahli isi rumah
pemilik tersebut dan terus mendapatnya sama ada ia bekerja keras atau tidak
di pertubuhan itu.
iii) Pekerja sepenuh masa ditakrifkan sebagai semua pekerja bergaji yang
bekerja sekurang-kurangnya enam jam sehari dan sekurang-kurangnya 20 hari
sebulan.
iv) Pekerja sambilan meliputi semua pekerja bergaji yang bekerja kurang
daripada enam jam sehari dan atau kurang daripada 20 hari sebulan.
Gaji & upah Merujuk kepada emolumen kasar yang dibayar kepada pekerja pada tahun 2012
yang dibayar termasuk gaji, upah, bonus, komisen, bayaran lebih masa dan elaun-elaun
lain yang dibayar sebelum dipotong sumbangan pekerja untuk skim keselamatan
sosial, KWSP, cukai pendapatan, insuran dan potongan lain.
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
NOTA TEKNIKAL
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Nilai output Nilai output kasar ditakrifkan dengan memasukkan unsur berikut:
kasar
Nilai output minyak mentah / gas asli (nilai di telaga) pada harga asas
+ Nilai jualan (dalam keadaan yang sama seperti dibeli);
- Kos barang yang dijual dalam keadaan yang sama seperti dibeli;
+ Pendapatan daripada perkhidmatan perindustrian yang diberikan
kepada pihak lain;
+ Pendapatan daripada komisen dan komisen pembrokeran;
+ Perbelanjaan modal ke atas binaan sendiri;
- Stok pembuka barangan yang diproses;
+ Stok penutup barangan yang diproses;
+ Bayaran perkhidmatan (nilai yang diberi);
+ Penerimaan daripada jualan tenaga elektrik kepada pihak lain;
dan
+ Nilai semua output lain (seperti penerimaan daripada
perkhidmatan bukan perindustrian, misalnya bayaran pengurusan
yang diterima, pendapatan sewa harta, dll.).
Nilai Nilai pengeluaran di telaga ditakrifkan seperti berikut:
pengeluaran Nilai pengeluaran di telaga = Harga unit di telaga x Kuantiti pengeluaran, di mana:
di telaga Harga unit di telaga = Hasil jualan se unit TOLAK (-)
i) diskaun dan elaun-elaun
ii) bayaran untuk pengangkutan keluar
iii) komisen kepada agen jualan
iv) bayaran cukai eksport
v) bayaran-bayaran tambahan
vi) ses menyelidik
Kuantiti Pengeluaran = Semua pengeluaran termasuk bayaran tunai kepada
kerajaan, kos bagi pengembalian minyak dan Bahagian PETRONAS
Nilai input Nilai input perantaraan merujuk kepada harga pembeli semasa dan ditakrifkan
dengan memasukkan unsur berikut:-
Nilai bahan dan bekalan yang digunakan (termasuk bayaran pengangkutan, serta
cukai dan duti yang dibayar)
perantaraan
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
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+ Kos kerja perindustrian yang dibuat oleh orang lain (seperti
pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan);
+ Tenaga elektrik dan air yang dibeli;
+ Nilai bahan pembakar, pelincir dan gas yang digunakan;
+ Perbelanjaan penyelidikan dan pembangunan;
+ Pembayaran terhadap perkhidmatan bukan perindustrian (termasuk
bayaran pengiklanan, bayaran guaman, bayaran pos, bayaran
telekomunikasi dll.); dan
+ Semua kos input lain yang digunakan (termasuk kos latihan dan nilai
pakaian percuma yang disediakan kepada pekerja).
Nilai ditambah Nilai ditambah ialah tambahan kepada nilai barang dan perkhidmatan yang
dikeluarkan oleh sesebuah pertubuhan. Nilai ditambah diperoleh daripada
perbezaan antara nilai output kasar dan kos input.
Nilai harta Harta tetap meliputi semua barang, baru atau terpakai, ketara atau tidak ketara yang
mempunyai hayat produktif lebih daripada setahun. Ia termasuk tanah, bangunan
dan struktur, peralatan pengangkutan, komputer dan peralatan periferal, peralatan
serta perabot dan pemasangan lain. Nilai harta tetap bagi pembuka dan penutup
2012 adalah berasaskan nilai buku bersih. Pembelian, pindaan dan pembaikan
major atau perbelanjaan modal pada tahun berkenaan dikira pada nilai sebenar
yang dibayar. Nilai harta tetap yang dijual dalam tahun semasa juga dikira pada nilai
sebenar.
Pembentukan Pembentukan modal tetap kasar diukur dengan mengambil kira jumlah nilai
perolehan pengeluar, tolak pelupusan aset tetap semasa tempoh perakaunan,
ditambah dengan sesetengah perbelanjaan perkhidmatan tertentu yang menambah
nilai aset yang tidak dikeluarkan.
Stok Merujuk kepada nilai buku stok yang dimiliki oleh pertubuhan dan meliputi barang
perniagaan, bahan mentah, peralatan dan aksesori yang digunakan untuk memberi
perkhidmatan kepada orang lain.
modal tetap
kasar
tetap
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
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Purata Purata pertumbuhan tahunan, r bagi sesuatu pemboleh ubah bagi tempoh
pertumbuhan setahun adalah seperti berikut :
tahunan
Penyelesaian bagi r,
Di mana,
yt = Nilai pada tahun semasa
y0 = Nilai pada tahun sebelum
t = Bilangan tahun, yt - y0
r = Purata pertumbuhan tahunan
Pembundaran Penjumlahan komponen-komponen mungkin berbeza dengan jumlah besar dalam
jadual penerbitan ini disebabkan pembundaran angka.
Simbol dan Simbol dan singkatan berikut telah digunakan dalam keseluruhan penerbitan:
- Tiada
} Dicantumkan
RM Ringgit Malaysia
USD Dolar Amerika
% Peratus
MSCF (Ribu) Kaki Padu Standard
MMSCF (Juta) Kaki Padu Standard
dll dan lain-lain
singkatan
t
t ryy )1(0
10
ln1
y
y
t
t
er
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
30
Introduction This report contains information on petroleum mining and natural gas industry for
reference year 2012. This Census was carried out in 2013.
Objective The main objective of the Census is to collect information pertaining to growth,
contribution, composition and distribution of output, value added, employment and
other variables of the sector to assist the government in development planning and
policy formulation. The data can also be used by the private sector and individuals
for economic analysis.
Legal authority The Census / survey was conducted under the Statistics Act 1965 (Revised 1989).
Under the Act, the contents of individual returns received are kept confidential. In
conformity with the requirements of this Act, only aggregated figures are published.
Scope and The Census covers all establishments known to be engaged in exploration
petroleum and natural gas mining activities. Secondary data were obtained from
Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), which is also the main source of frame for
the Census.
Concepts and Concepts and definitions are based on the recommendations of the United Nations
definitions Statistics Division. These concepts adhere to accepted practices, thereby facilitating
international comparability of data. The definition of mining used in the Census is
as follows:
“Mining is defined as the extraction, dressing and beneficiating of minerals occurring
naturally as solids, such as coal and ores; liquids, such as crude oil; or gases, such
as natural gas. Mining also includes underground and surface mines, quarries and
wells and all supplemental activities for dressing and beneficiating ores and other
crude minerals such as crushing, screening, washing, cleaning, grading, milling,
flotation, melting, pelleting, topping and other preparations needed to render the
material marketable. Mining activities are classified into groups on the basis of the
principal mineral produced.”
Reference year The reference period for the Census is the calendar year 2012. However, for
establishments whose accounting year differed by less than six months from the
calendar year, the accounting or financial figures were accepted as representative of
the data for the calendar year.
coverage
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
31
Methodology The Census was conducted by mail inquiry using the standard questionnaire form.
Respondents were given two months to complete and return the questionnaire to the
Department.
Reporting unit The Census was conducted on an establishment basis. An establishment is defined
as:
“Ideally, as an economic unit that engages, under a single legal entity, in one, or
predominantly one, kind of economic activity at a single physical location“.
Legal status The legal status of an establishment has been defined as follows:
(i) Private Limited Company: This is a private corporation established to
undertake a business with the objective of making a profit. The shares are
closely held by shareholders of the corporation who has control over its
operation. It is registered with limited liability.
A private limited company has its Memorandum and Articles of Association,
which among others:
(a) restricts the right to transfer its shares;
(b) limits the number of its shareholders between two to fifty (not including
employees of the company and past employees who are currently members);
(c) prohibits any invitation to the public to subscribe for any share or debenture
of the company; and
(d) prohibits any invitation to the public to deposit money with the company for
fixed periods or payable at call with or without interest.
(ii) Public Limited Company: A public limited company is also a private corporation
established, with limited liability, by a minimum of two persons to operate the
business with the objective of making a profit. The shares in a public limited
company are openly held and in the case of a company listed on the Stock
Exchange, the shares are freely transferable. The company is regarded as a
legal entity and is constituted by the Memorandum and Articles of Association.
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
32
persons
engaged
(iii) Others refer to all other establishments which do not fall under any of the
mentioned above, e.g., private unlimited company such as company
incorporated in Malaysia, etc.
Ownership The ownership of an establishment is classified by the residential status of the
owner(s) of the majority (more than 50%) of the paid-up capital and not by their
citizenship status. In instances where each party (Malaysian Residents and
Non-Malaysian Residents) held equal shares in the business, the establishments
were classified under ‘Joint Ownership’.
Resident is defined as any individual, enterprise or other organization ordinarily
located in Malaysia for a period of at least one year. Resident consist of:
Branches and incorporated subsidiaries of foreign company in Malaysia
Foreign citizen stay or work in Malaysia more than one year
Non-Resident is defined as any individual, establishment or other organization
ordinarily located abroad. Non-resident consist of:
Foreign branches and subsidiaries of Malaysian companies
Malaysian citizen stay or work abroad
Number of Number of persons engaged in an establishment refers to the total number of
persons working during December or the last pay period of the reference year.
Included are employees (full-time / part-time), working proprietors, active business
partners and unpaid family workers. Those temporarily away on leave are also
included.
(i) Working proprietors and active business partners refer to all individual
proprietor and partners, part-time or full-time, who are actively engaged in the
work of the establishment. It therefore excludes silent and inactive partners.
(ii) Unpaid family workers is defined as all persons (full-time or part-time) of the
household of any of the owners of the establishment who perform a specified job
and work for a minimum of one third of the normal working time of the
establishment, but do not receive regular payment either in cash or in kind for the
work done. Such workers generally receive food, shelter and other support as
part of the household of an owner but these provisions would continue whether
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
33
they worked in the establishment or not.
(iii) Full-time employees is defined as all paid workers who work for at least six
hours a day and for at least 20 days a month.
(iv) Part-time employees include all paid workers who work for less than six hours a
day and/or less than 20 days a month.
Salaries & This refers to gross emoluments paid to employees during 2012 inclusive of salaries,
wages, bonuses, commission, overtime pay and other allowance contribution to
social security scheme, EPF, income tax, insurance or any other deductions.
Value of The value of gross output is defined to include the following elements:
gross output
Value of output of crude oil / natural gas (ex-well) at basic price
+ Value of goods sold (in the same condition as purchased);
- Cost of goods sold in the same condition as purchased;
+ Income from industrial services rendered to others;
+ Commission and brokerage earned;
+ Capital expenditure on own construction;
- Opening stock of goods-in-process;
+ Value of services rendered;
+ Closing stock of goods-in-process;
+ Receipts from electricity sold to others; and
+ All other output (such as receipts of non-industrial services for
example, management fees received, incomes from rental of
property, etc.)
Ex-well value Ex-well value of production is defined as follow:
of production Ex-well value of production = Ex-well unit price x Quantity produces, where
Ex-well unit price = Sales price per unit MINUS (-)
i) discounts and allowances v) supplementary payments
ii) charges for carriage outwards vi) research cess
iii) commission to selling agent(s)
iv) export duties paid
wages
paid
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
34
Quantity produced = All production including cash payments payable to government,
cost of oil recovery and share of PETRONAS
Value of The value of intermediate input in current purchasers’ price is defined to include the
following elements:
Value of materials and supplies consumed (including transport charges
incurred and taxes and duties paid)
+ Cost of industrial work done by others (such as repairs and
maintenance);
+ Electricity and water purchased;
+ Value of fuels, lubricants and gas consumed;
+ Research and development expenditure;
+ Payment for non-industrial services (including advertising fees, legal
fees, postage, telecommunication, etc).
+ All other input costs (including training and value of free wearing
apparel for workers).
Value added Value added is the increment to the value of commodities and services contributed
by the establishment. This value is derived from the difference between the value of
gross output and cost of input.
Value of Fixed assets cover all goods, new or used, tangible or intangible that have a normal
economic life span of more than one year. Included land, buildings and
structures; transport equipment; computer and peripheral equipment; other
machinery, equipment and furniture and fittings. Value of fixed assets as at the
beginning and end of 2012 was based on net book value. Purchases, alterations and
major repairs or capital expenditure during the year were valued at actual costs
incurred. Value of fixed assets sold during the year refers to the realized value.
Gross fixed Gross fixed capital formation is measured by the total value of a producer’s
acquisitions, less disposal of fixed assets during the accounting period plus certain
specified expenditure of services that adds to the value of non-produced assets.
fixed assets
capital
formation
intermediate input
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS STATISTICS
2013
TECHNICAL NOTES
35
Stocks This item refers to the book value of stocks owned by the establishment and
comprises merchandise, raw materials, parts and accessories for rendering services
to others.
Average The average annual growth, r in the value of a variable over the period of a year is
annual growth based on :
Solving for r,
Where,
yt = Value at current year
y0 = Value at previous year
t = Number of years, yt - y0
r = Average annual growth
Rounding The sum of the components may not add up to the totals in the tables presented in
this publication due to rounding
Symbols & The following symbols & abbreviations have been used throughout the publication:
- Nil
MSCF (Thousand) Standard Cubic Feet
MMSCF (Million) Standard Cubic Feet
} Combined
RM Ringgit Malaysia
USD American Dollar
% Percentage
i.e. that is
t
t ryy )1(0
10
ln1
y
y
t
t
er
abbreviations
JADUAL TABLES
39
Jadual 1: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2005 - 2012
Table 1: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2005 - 2012
Tahun Nilai output Nilai input Nilai Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah Nilai harta tetap
Year kasar perantaraan ditambah bulan Disember atau yang dibayar yang dimiliki pada
Value of gross Value of Value added pada tempoh gaji Salaries & akhir tahun
output intermediate terakhir wages paid Value of fixed
input Total number of persons assets owned as at
engaged during December end of the year
or the last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
2012 109,369,827 14,928,202 94,441,625 15,015 3,691,828 159,076,312
2011 109,193,006 16,126,193 93,066,813 13,304 2,811,577 146,523,251
2010 98,121,543 11,113,339 87,008,205 12,919 2,512,070 141,161,063
2009 91,215,729 7,987,974 83,227,755 12,184 2,372,613 93,785,495
2008 130,361,614 7,642,099 122,719,515 10,458 1,969,296 76,276,198
2007 98,676,787 6,854,182 91,822,605 9,649 1,667,965 52,748,745
2006 92,121,516 6,267,971 85,853,545 9,008 1,258,548 35,985,346
2005 80,001,934 4,519,767 75,482,167 7,907 955,571 29,795,585
40
Jadual 2: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut taraf sah, 2012
Table 2: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by legal status, 2012
Taraf sah Nilai output Nilai input Nilai ditambah Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah yang Nilai harta tetap
Legal status perantaraan Value added bulan Disember atau dibayar yang dimiliki kasar
Value of gross Value of pada tempoh gaji Salaries & wages pada akhir tahun
intermediate terakhir Value of fixed paid output
input Total number of persons assets owned as
at end of the year engaged during
December or the
last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
Jumlah
109,369,827
14,928,202
94,441,625
15,015
3,691,828
159,076,312
Total
76,036,458 11,660,469 64,375,989 11,819 2,809,189 136,835,125 Syarikat Sendirian Berhad
Private Limited Company
Syarikat Awam Berhad
33,333,369
3,267,733
30,065,636
3,196
882,639
22,241,186
Public Limited Company
Lain-lain
Others
41
Jadual 3: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut hak milik, 2012
Table 3: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by ownership, 2012
Hak milik Nilai output Nilai input Nilai ditambah Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah yang Nilai harta tetap
Ownership perantaraan Value added yang dimiliki kasar bulan Disember atau dibayar
Value of gross Value of Salaries & wages pada akhir tahun pada tempoh gaji
intermediate Value of fixed output terakhir paid
input Total number of persons assets owned as
at end of the year engaged during
December or the
last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
Jumlah
109,369,827
14,928,202
94,441,625
15,015
3,691,828
159,076,312
Total
Residen Malaysia
Malaysian residents
32,962,691
5,737,568
27,225,123
8,624
2,120,608
103,730,686
Hak Milik Bersama
Joint Ownership
Bukan residen Malaysia 76,407,136 9,190,634 67,216,502 6,391 1,571,220 55,345,626
Non-Malaysian residents
42
Jadual 4: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut saiz pekerja, 2012
Table 4: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by employment size, 2012
Saiz pekerja Nilai output Nilai input Nilai ditambah Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah yang Nilai harta tetap Employment size perantaraan Value added yang dimiliki kasar bulan Disember atau dibayar
Value of gross Value of Salaries & wages pada akhir tahun pada tempoh gaji
intermediate Value of fixed output terakhir paid
input Total number of persons assets owned as
at end of the year engaged during
December or the
last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
Jumlah
109,369,827
14,928,202
94,441,625
15,015
3,691,828
159,076,312
Total
24,730,656 4,144,560 20,586,096 2,139 601,029 17,511,857 Di bawah 500 orang
Below 500 persons
500 - < 1,000 orang 12,468,965 2,410,329 10,058,636 2,377 413,536 36,033,268
500 - < 1,000 persons
1,000 orang dan lebih 72,170,206 8,373,313 63,796,893 10,499 2,677,263 105,531,186
1,000 persons and above
43
Jadual 5: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut saiz output, 2012
Table 5: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by output size, 2012
Saiz output Nilai output Nilai input Nilai ditambah Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah yang Nilai harta tetap
Output size perantaraan Value added yang dimiliki kasar bulan Disember atau dibayar
Value of gross Value of Salaries & wages pada akhir tahun pada tempoh gaji
intermediate Value of fixed output terakhir paid
input Total number of persons assets owned as
at end of the year engaged during
December or the
last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
Jumlah
109,369,827
14,928,202
94,441,625
15,015
3,691,828
159,076,312
Total
27,243,270 4,758,953 22,484,317 3,441 781,100 33,212,545 Kurang daripada RM5 bilion
Below RM5 billion
RM5 bilion - < 10 bilion 23,129,756 4,101,882 19,027,875 6,685 1,909,133 97,706,433
RM5 billion - < 10 billion
RM10 bilion dan lebih 58,996,801 6,067,368 52,929,433 4,889 1,001,595 28,157,333
RM10 billion and above
44
Jadual 6: Perangkaan utama industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut saiz harta tetap, 2012
Table 6: Principal statistics of petroleum and natural gas mining industry by fixed assets size, 2012
Saiz harta tetap Nilai output Nilai input Nilai ditambah Jumlah pekerja pada Gaji & upah yang Nilai harta tetap
Fixed assets size perantaraan Value added yang dimiliki kasar bulan Disember atau dibayar
Value of gross Value of Salaries & wages pada akhir tahun pada tempoh gaji
intermediate Value of fixed output terakhir paid
input Total number of persons assets owned as
at end of the year engaged during
December or the
last pay period
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
(RM'000)
Jumlah
109,369,827
14,928,202
94,441,625
15,015
3,691,828
159,076,312
Total
16,178,289 2,890,334 13,287,955 1,538 339,290 6,052,498 Kurang daripada RM5 bilion
Below RM5 billion
RM5 bilion - < 10 bilion
54,688,475 5,461,041 49,227,434 4,086 1,046,845 28,330,680
RM5 billion - < 10 billion
RM10 bilion dan lebih 38,503,063 6,576,827 31,926,236 9,391 2,305,693 124,693,134
RM10 billion and above
45
Jadual 7: Pekerja bergaji, gaji & upah dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut kategori pekerja, 2012
Table 7: Paid employees, salaries & wages in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry by category of workers, 2012
Kategori pekerja Jumlah pekerja pada bulan Disember atau Gaji & upah
Category of workers pada tempoh gaji terakhir yang dibayar
Total number of persons engaged during Salaries &
wages paid December or the last pay period
Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan
Total Male Female (RM'000)
Jumlah / Total 15,015 11,231 3,784 3,691,828
Pengurusan dan profesional 7,590 5,500 2,090 2,513,463
Managerial and professional
Teknik dan penyeliaan 4,352 3,612 740 805,351
Technical and supervisory
Perkeranian dan pekerjaan yang berkaitan 997 287 710 77,796
Clerical and related occupations
Pekerja am 334 270 64 22,581
General workers
Pekerja pengeluaran/ operatif diambil bekerja secara langsung 1,321 1,233 88 216,867
Production/ operative workers directly employed
Pekerja pengeluaran/ operatif yang diambil bekerja melalui kontraktor buruh 421 329 92 55,770
Production/ operative workers employed through labour contractors
46
Jadual 8: Bilangan pekerja dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut kelulusan akademik, 2012
Table 8: Number of employees in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry by academic qualification, 2012
Kelulusan akademik Jumlah pekerja pada bulan Disember atau pada tempoh
Academic qualification gaji terakhir
Total number of persons engaged during December or the
last pay period
Jumlah Lelaki Perempuan
Total Male Female
Jumlah / Total 15,015 11,231 3,784
Ijazah lanjutan 807 587 220
Post-graduate
Ijazah universiti atau yang setaraf 8,077 5,740 2,337
University degree or equivalent
Diploma atau yang setaraf 2,794 2,202 592
Diploma or equivalent
STPM atau yang setaraf 1,728 1,534 194
STPM or equivalent
SPM/SPMV atau yang setaraf 1,551 1,120 431
SPM/SPMV or equivalent
Di bawah taraf kelulusan SPM/SPMV 58 48 10
Below SPM/SPMV qualification
47
Jadual 9: Nilai harta tetap dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli mengikut jenis harta tetap, 2012
Table 9: Value of fixed assets in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry by type of fixed assets, 2012
Perbelanjaan modal dan nilai aset
Capital expenditure and value of assets
Nilai buku Perbelanjaan modal dalam tahun 2012 Aset yang Keuntungan / Susut nilai Nilai buku Sewa yang
bersih Capital expenditure during 2012 dijual atau kerugian tahun bersih dibayar
seperti pada Pembelian Membuat/ dilupuskan daripada jualan / semasa seperti pada dalam
Jenis harta tetap 01.01.2012 Purchases membina dalam tahun penilaian Current 31.12.2012 tahun
Type of fixed asset Net book Baru Terpakai sendiri 2012 semula asset year Net book 2012
value as at New Used Built / Assets sold Gain / losses depreciation value as at Rent paid
01.01.2012 self produced or disposed from sales / 31.12.2012 during
off during revaluation 2012
2012 of assets
Jumlah / Total 142,410,784 19,896,226 14,399,179 - 2,895,811 (3,450,741) 11,283,495 159,076,312 1,089,477
Tanah / Land 11,244 - - - - - 1,471 9,773 10,146
Bangunan dan pembinaan
lain 369,493 1,388,671 - - 687 - 138,693 1,618,784 170,066
Buildings and other construction
Alat pengangkutan / Transport equipment
3,405 1,418 - - 483 314 759 3,895 789,705
Komputer / Computers 196,724 35,037 667 - 1 2,603 35,662 199,367 17,766
Jentera dan kelengkapan / Machinery and equipment
51,414,589 8,639,704 - - 320,597 (129,986) 3,948,217 55,655,493 97,094
Perabot dan pemasangan / Furniture and fittings
94,225 10,673 2,440 - - (1,849) 13,299 92,190 3,901
Mencarigali mineral / Mineral exploration
40,635,175 4,938,897 14,395,941 - 2,490,496 (4,081,963) 7,072,332 46,325,221 -
Aset-aset lain / Other assets 49,685,930 4,882,125 300 - 83,547 760,141 73,062 55,171,587 800
(RM’000)
48
Jadual 10: Penggunaan komputer, internet dan web presence dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2010 - 2012
Table 10: Usage of computer, internet and web presence in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2010 - 2012
Penggunaan ICT 2012
2011
2010
Usage of ICT
Penggunaan komputer dalam perniagaan 100.0 100.0 100.0
Computer usage in business
Penggunaan internet dalam perniagaan 100.0 100.0 100.0
Internet usage in business
Penggunaan web presence dalam perniagaan 100.0 100.0 100.0
Web presence usage in business
(%)
49
Jadual 11: Jenis rangkaian komputer yang digunakan dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2010 - 2012
Table 11: Types of computer network used in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2010 - 2012
Jenis rangkaian komputer 2012
2011
2010
Types of computer network
Intranet dalam perniagaan 100.0 100.0 100.0
Intranet within your business
Extranet di antara perniagaan dan organisasi lain 81.3 50.0 50.0
Extranet within business and other organisations
Rangkaian kawasan setempat 100.0 100.0 100.0
Local area network (LAN)
Rangkaian kawasan luas 100.0 100.0 100.0
Wide area network (WAN)
(%)
50
Jadual 12: Penggunaan internet dalam industri perlombongan petroleum dan gas asli, 2010 - 2012
Table 12: Internet usage in the petroleum and natural gas mining industry, 2010 - 2012
Penggunaan internet 2012
2011
2010
Internet usage
Menghantar atau menerima emel 100.0 100.0 100.0
Sending or receiving emel
Telefon melalui internet 93.8 75.0 87.5
Telephoning over internet
Menghantar informasi atau pesanan dengan segera 81.3 62.5 68.8
Posting information or instant messaging
Mendapatkan maklumat berkenaan barangan atau perkhidmatan 100.0 87.5 93.8
Getting information about goods or services
Mendapatkan maklumat dari organisasi kerajaan 87.5 68.8 75.0
Getting information from government organizations
Behubung dengan organisasi kerajaan 75.0 62.5 68.8
Interacting with government organizations
Perbankan melalui internet 87.5 81.3 81.3
Internet banking
Mengakses perkhidmatan kewangan yang lain 50.0 43.8 43.8
Accessing other financial services
Pemberitahuan jawatan kosong dalaman atau luaran 100.0 87.5 87.5
Internal or external recruitment
Latihan untuk kakitangan (aplikasi e-pembelajaran) 87.5 87.5 87.5
Staff training (e-learning application)
Lain-lain 25.0 18.8 6.3
Others
(%)
51
Jadual 13: Harga purata 'lifting' berpemberat minyak mentah*, 2005 - 2012
Table 13: Weighted average lifting price of crude oil*, 2005 - 2012
Bulan 2012 2011 2010
2009
2008
2007
2006 2005 Month
Jan./Jan.
116.56 94.13 75.04 40.45 97.63 57.45 66.82 41.63
Feb./Feb. 123.56 100.13 72.91 50.11 95.68 65.94 67.84 48.36
Mac/Mar.
130.47 116.13 76.99 48.49 103.92 70.16 66.80 58.12
Apr./Apr.
128.55 124.07 84.03 45.42 120.46 72.25 72.99 57.73
Mei/May
119.00 123.38 70.28 53.80 128.97 77.61 76.31 51.00
Jun/June
105.17 118.95 74.91 72.07 134.16 79.22 71.26 53.75
Jul./July
107.21 121.46 76.68 71.94 141.84 76.80 72.85 57.78
Ogos/Aug.
114.02 116.49 75.64 73.62 123.37 71.78 75.51 66.58
Sept./Sept.
114.59 117.80 79.09 67.31 107.07 81.11 71.66 69.77
Okt./Oct.
114.43 115.04 87.95 76.14 73.94 86.01 64.74 64.40
Nov./Nov.
112.82 117.51 84.01 85.49 56.70 98.94 61.24 57.46
Dis./Dec.
113.37 117.14 88.35 79.25 40.44 102.23 59.22 57.96
Purata 116.45
114.42
78.90
63.08
100.85
78.47
68.77
57.15
Average Nota: * Harga purata lifting dikira dengan membahagikan jumlah nilai jualan tempatan dan nilai eksport
f.o.b. dengan jumlah kuantiti jualan 'lifting' sebenar dalam tong. Sumber ;
Source : PETRONAS
Note: * Weighted average lifting price is calculated by dividing the sum of local sales value and exports f.o.b. value by total actual lifting sales quantities in barrels.
(USD setong / USD per barrel)
52
(’000)
Jadual 14: Pengeluaran bulanan minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2012
Table 14: Monthly production of crude oil and natural gas, 2012
Minyak mentah dan peluwap Gas asli - pengeluaran bersih (a)
Crude oil and condensate Natural gas - net production (a)
Gas asli Gas asli tidak Jumlah
Minyak mentah Peluwap Jumlah bersekutu bersekutu Total
Crude oil Condensate Total Associated Non -associated
natural gas natural gas
Bulan Tong Tan Metrik Tong Tan Metrik Tong Tan Metrik MSCF (b)
MSCF (b)
MSCF (b)
Month Barrel Metric Tonne Barrel Metric Tonne Barrel Metric Tonne
Jan./Jan. 15,367 2,022 3,481 458 18,848 2,480 35,098 158,540 193,638
Feb./Feb. 14,419 1,897 3,596 473 18,015 2,370 36,766 155,597 192,363
Mac/Mar. 15,202 2,000 3,767 496 18,969 2,496 38,459 161,591 200,049
Apr./Apr. 13,719 1,805 3,267 430 16,986 2,235 36,429 138,912 175,341
Mei/May 14,083 1,853 3,267 430 17,351 2,283 32,051 139,224 171,275
Jun/June 12,939 1,703 3,228 425 16,167 2,127 34,182 138,279 172,461
Jul./July 13,987 1,840 2,688 354 16,675 2,194 35,263 97,737 132,999
Ogos/Aug. 14,034 1,847 3,915 515 17,949 2,362 32,311 162,347 194,658
Sept./Sept. 13,371 1,759 3,471 457 16,842 2,216 31,167 158,766 189,933
Okt./Oct. 14,942 1,966 3,829 504 18,771 2,470 37,960 159,340 197,300
Nov./Nov. 14,757 1,942 3,663 482 18,420 2,424 34,701 160,575 195,276
Dis./Dec. 15,829 2,083 3,497 460 19,325 2,543 33,598 149,522 183,120
Jumlah 172,649
22,717
41,669
5,483
214,317
28,200
417,984
1,780,430
2,198,414
Total
(a) Pengeluaran bersih = Pengeluaran kasar - (Kegunaan dalam operasi + Suntikan semula + Sumber : PETRONAS
Cecair tercicir & pengecutan + Pembakaran) Source :
Net production = Gross production - (Utilised in operation + Gas reinjection +
Liquid dropout & shrinkage + Flaring)
(b) MSCF - (Ribu) Kaki Padu Standard / (Thousand) Standard Cubic Feet
53
Jadual 15: Pengeluaran minyak mentah dan gas asli, 2005 - 2012
Table 15: Production of crude oil and natural gas, 2005 - 2012
Minyak mentah dan peluwap Gas asli - pengeluaran bersih (a)
Crude oil and condensate Natural gas - net production (a)
Gas asli Gas asli tidak Jumlah
Minyak mentah Peluwap Jumlah bersekutu bersekutu Total
Crude oil Condensate Total Associated Non-associated
natural gas natural gas
Tahun Tong Tan Metrik Tong Tan Metrik Tong Tan Metrik MSCF (b)
MSCF (b)
MSCF (b)
Year Barrel Metric Tonne Barrel Metric Tonne Barrel Metric Tonne
2012 172,649 22,717 41,669 5,483 214,317 28,200 417,984 1,780,430 2,198,414
2011 168,213 22,133 39,756 5,231 207,969 27,364 311,746 1,853,237 2,164,983
2010 190,231 25,030 42,734 5,623 232,965 30,653 358,375 1,801,158 2,159,533
2009 195,667 25,746 44,813 5,896 240,480 31,642 337,291 1,782,064 2,119,355
2008 205,908 27,093 45,903 6,040 251,811 33,133 364,180 1,790,673 2,154,853
2007 201,729 26,543 47,461 6,245 249,190 32,788 356,830 1,790,975 2,147,805
2006 196,088 25,801 47,340 6,229 243,428 32,030 373,013 1,734,667 2,107,680
2005 207,451 27,296 49,331 6,491 256,782 33,787 395,289 1,721,737 2,117,026
(a) Pengeluaran bersih = Pengeluaran kasar - (Kegunaan dalam operasi + Suntikan semula + Sumber : PETRONAS
Cecair tercicir & pengecutan + Pembakaran) Source :
Net production = Gross production - (Utilised in operation + Gas reinjection +
Liquid dropout & shrinkage + Flaring)
(b) MSCF - (Ribu) Kaki Padu Standard / (Thousand) Standard Cubic Feet
(’000)
54
Jadual 16: Kuantiti eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair, 2005 - 2012
Table 16: Exports and imports quantity of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, 2005 - 2012
Eksport/ Exports Import/ Imports
Tahun Petroleum mentah Keluaran petroleum Gas asli cecair Petroleum mentah Keluaran petroleum
Year Crude petroleum Petroleum products Liquefied natural gas Crude petroleum Petroleum products
2012 11,863 17,674 23,769 10,854 17,507
2011 12,682 12,181 24,487 9,687 12,598
2010 16,373 12,032 22,953 9,067 12,171
2009 16,412 10,721 21,856 8,862 7,774
2008 16,763 11,013 23,164 9,228 8,723
2007 16,880 9,625 22,904 10,529 10,328
2006 16,875 9,515 21,234 10,278 10,422
2005 18,390 9,334 21,641 9,121 11,732
Sumber: Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : External Trade Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
(‘000 tan metrik / ‘000 metric tonne)
55
Jadual 17: Nilai eksport dan import petroleum mentah, keluaran petroleum dan gas asli cecair, 2005 - 2012
Table 17: Exports and imports value of crude petroleum, petroleum products and liquefied natural gas, 2005 - 2012
Eksport/ Exports Import/ Imports
Tahun Petroleum mentah Keluaran petroleum Gas asli cecair Petroleum mentah Keluaran petroleum
Year Crude petroleum Petroleum products Liquefied natural gas Crude petroleum Petroleum products
2012 31,951,414 47,633,181 55,526,394 27,283,584 48,201,297
2011 32,451,686 33,037,703 52,048,817 24,009,726 32,724,503
2010 30,764,665 25,542,094 38,741,631 18,006,837 25,134,558
2009 25,360,055 19,400,280 29,017,686 14,553,255 14,252,998
2008 43,582,080 29,092,992 41,475,300 23,359,591 24,050,295
2007 32,865,338 19,729,803 26,936,477 18,824,571 20,674,143
2006 31,983,489 18,403,894 23,674,855 17,782,836 19,306,226
2005 29,653,503 15,128,174 21,340,259 12,825,480 17,578,620
Sumber: Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : External Trade Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
(RM’000)
56
(‘000 tan metrik / ‘000 metric tonne)
Jadual 18: Pengeluaran produk utama petroleum bertapis, 2005 - 2012
Jadual 18: Production of main refined petroleum products, 2005 - 2012
Produk petroleum
Petroleum products
Minyak Minyak Minyak Gas Gasolin Nafta Gas asli Minyak Jumlah
bahan api diesel tanah petroleum Gasoline Naphtha cecair pelincir Total
Fuel oil Diesel oil Kerosene cecair Liquefied campuran
Tahun Liquefied natural Blended Year petroleum gas lubricating
gas oil
2012 3,226 11,755 3,504 2,804 5,543 4,163 23,986 148 55,129
2011 2,790 10,000 3,560 3,036 5,510 3,397 25,822 148 54,263
2010 2,087 8,585 3,350 3,055 4,175 3,936 24,363 109 49,660
2009 2,269 9,495 3,403 3,265 4,375 4,190 22,452 101 49,550
2008 2,337 9,620 3,940 3,626 4,819 4,159 23,422 112 52,035
2007 1,598 8,806 3,307 3,397 5,759 4,183 23,330 103 50,483
2006 1,790 9,057 3,420 3,517 6,089 3,460 22,156 108 49,597
2005 1,837 8,952 3,149 3,270 5,800 3,441 22,647 151 49,247
Sumber: Perangkaan Pembuatan Bulanan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Monthly Manufacturing Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
57
Jadual 19: Nilai jualan produk utama petroleum bertapis, 2005 - 2012
Jadual 19: Sales value of main refined petroleum products, 2005 - 2012
‘
Produk petroleum
Petroleum products
Minyak Minyak Minyak Gas Gasolin Nafta Gas asli Minyak Jumlah
Tahun bahan api diesel tanah petroleum Gasoline Naphtha cecair pelincir Total
Year Fuel oil Diesel oil Kerosene cecair Liquefied campuran
Liquefied natural Blended petroleum gas lubricating
gas oil
2012 5,379 33,625 11,040 2,711 24,624 8,961 58,959 805 146,105
2011 3,928 30,078 10,605 2,289 15,910 8,040 56,011 802 127,663
2010 2,383 20,105 7,607 1,928 11,727 8,017 40,505 532 92,805
2009 2,547 15,154 7,253 1,330 14,474 6,439 32,283 420 79,900
2008 3,623 26,852 11,032 3,473 15,136 9,083 44,484 505 114,188
2007 3,860 18,893 7,858 2,124 17,232 7,230 29,103 401 86,701
2006 3,298 18,714 7,791 2,315 16,342 5,775 24,136 428 78,799
2005 3,245 16,015 6,267 1,314 14,262 5,361 22,349 526 69,339
Sumber: Perangkaan Pembuatan Bulanan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Monthly Manufacturing Statistics, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
(RM Juta / RM Million)
58
Jadual 20A: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga semasa - RM Juta
Table 20A: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current prices - RM Million
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 51,383 66,446 76,753 65,719 82,614 104,301 94,632
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari 81,759 88,332 120,170 81,342 86,628 92,355 97,987
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah 48,842 52,828 67,814 41,497 45,099 50,175 51,870
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat 32,318 34,847 51,654 39,090 40,614 41,202 44,969
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 600 657 703 755 915 979 1,148
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 164,510 173,804 189,105 169,661 195,533 215,125 228,141
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan 16,451 18,739 21,156 23,187 27,112 29,648 36,362
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 277,022 312,050 355,233 365,984 397,768 434,315 473,929
Services
6. campur Duti import 5,659 5,969 7,531 6,964 7,672 8,711 10,186
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 596,784 665,340 769,949 712,857 797,327 884,456 941,237
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
59
Jadual 20B: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga semasa - perubahan peratusan tahunan
Table 20B: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current prices - annual percentage change
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 14.4 29.3 15.5 -14.4 25.7 26.3 -9.3
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari 13.4 8.0 36.0 -32.3 6.5 6.6 6.1
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah 13.0 8.2 28.4 -38.8 8.7 11.3 3.4
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat 14.1 7.8 48.2 -24.3 3.9 1.4 9.1
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 3.1 9.5 7.1 7.5 21.1 7.0 17.3
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 9.9 5.6 8.8 -10.3 15.2 10.0 6.1
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan 2.1 13.9 12.9 9.6 16.9 9.4 22.6
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 8.9 12.6 13.8 3.0 8.7 9.2 9.1
Services
6. campur Duti import -11.2 5.5 26.2 -7.5 10.2 13.6 16.9
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 9.8 11.5 15.7 -7.4 11.8 10.9 6.4
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
60
Jadual 20C: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga semasa - pembahagian peratus KDNK
Table 20C: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at current prices - percentage share of GDP
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 8.6 10.0 10.0 9.2 10.4 11.8 10.1
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari 13.7 13.3 15.6 11.4 10.9 10.4 10.4
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah 8.2 7.9 8.8 5.8 5.7 5.7 5.5
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat 5.4 5.2 6.7 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.8
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 27.6 26.1 24.6 23.8 24.5 24.3 24.2
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.9
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 46.4 46.9 46.1 51.3 49.9 49.1 50.4
Services
6. campur Duti import 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
61
Jadual 21A: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga malar 2005 - RM Juta
Table 21A: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005 prices - RM Million
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 44,912 47,533 48,188 50,036 50,063 51,263 54,253 54,782
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari 72,111 71,276 72,758 70,996 66,386 66,182 62,565 63,432
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah 43,204 42,741 43,767 41,916 38,699 36,695 32,795 33,672
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat 28,326 27,947 28,349 28,428 26,995 28,696 28,951 28,821
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 582 587 643 652 693 792 819 938
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 149,754 160,880 165,879 167,148 152,150 170,261 178,237 186,748
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan 16,107 16,022 17,391 18,151 19,270 21,459 22,464 26,531
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 254,322 272,555 299,933 325,712 335,027 359,829 385,179 409,976
Services
6. campur Duti import 6,372 5,671 5,937 7,523 6,989 7,660 8,653 10,001
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 543,578 573,936 610,087 639,565 629,885 676,653 711,351 751,471
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
62
Jadual 21B: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga malar 2005 - perubahan peratusan tahunan
Table 21B: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005 prices - annual percentage change
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 5.8 1.4 3.8 0.1 2.4 5.8 1.0
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari -1.2 2.1 -2.4 -6.5 -0.3 -5.5 1.4
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah -1.1 2.4 -4.2 -7.7 -5.2 -10.6 2.7
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat -1.3 1.4 0.3 -5.0 6.3 0.9 -0.4
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 1.0 9.5 1.3 6.3 14.3 3.4 14.6
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 7.4 3.1 0.8 -9.0 11.9 4.7 4.8
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan -0.5 8.5 4.4 6.2 11.4 4.7 8.1
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 7.2 10.0 8.6 2.9 7.4 7.0 6.4
Services
6. campur Duti import -11.0 4.7 26.7 -7.1 9.6 13.0 15.6
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5 7.4 5.1 5.6
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
63
Jadual 21C: Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar mengikut jenis aktiviti ekonomi pada harga malar 2005 - pembahagian peratus KDNK
Table 21C: Gross Domestic Product by kind of economic activity at constant 2005 prices - percentage share of GDP
Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
e 2012
p
Kind of Economic Activity
1. Pertanian 8.3 8.3 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.6 7.6 7.3
Agriculture
2. Perlombongan dan kuari 13.3 12.4 11.9 11.1 10.5 9.8 8.8 8.4
Mining and quarrying
2.1 Pengeluaran minyak mentah 7.9 7.4 7.2 6.6 6.1 5.4 4.6 4.5
Crude petroleum production
2.2 Pengeluaran gas asli dan kondensat 5.2 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 3.8
Natural gas and condensate production
2.3 Penggalian lain dan kuari 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other mining and quarry
3. Pembuatan 27.5 28.0 27.2 26.1 24.2 25.2 25.1 24.9
Manufacturing
4. Pembinaan 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.5
Construction
5. Perkhidmatan 46.8 47.5 49.2 50.9 53.2 53.2 54.1 54.6
Services
6. campur Duti import 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
plus Import duties
KDNK pada Harga Pembeli 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
GDP at Purchasers' Prices
Sumber: Akaun Negara Tahunan, Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source : Annual National Accounts, Department of Statistics, Malaysia
Nota/ Notes: e: anggaran/ estimate p: permulaan/ preliminary
MAKLUMAT TAMBAHAN
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
66
Untuk Mendapatkan Maklumat Lanjut
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Faks : 603 - 8888 9248
E-mel : [email protected]
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DITERBIT DAN DICETAK OLEH JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA
PERANGKAAN PETROLEUMDAN GAS ASLI
PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GASSTATISTICS
2013