Symmetry/ asymmetryDeformityTorticolisHematoma

INSPEKSI

TendernessTumor mass

PALPATION

STEPS ONE

Palpate the lateral aspects of the vertebra

STEPS TWO

STEPS THREE

Continue palpation into the supraclavicular fossa

STEPS FOUR

Examine the anterior aspect of the neck

MOVEMENT

STEPS ONE

FlexionAsk the patient to bend the head forward

STEPS TWO

ExtensionAsk the patient to till the head backward

STEPS THREE

Using a spatula in the clenched teeth as a pointer. Then ask the patient to flex the head forward. Normal range = 80

STEPS FOUR

Ask the patient to extend the head. Normal range = 50

The total range in the flexion and extension planes should be assessed. Normal range = 130

STEPS FIVE

Lateral flexionAsk the patient to tilt his head on to his right shoulder

STEPS SIX

Laterral flexionFor accurancy, using a spatula as a pointer. Normal range = 45

STEPS SEVEN

If lateral flexion cannot be carried out without forward flexion, this is indicative of pathology involving the atlantoaxial and atlanto-occipital joints.

STEPS EIGHT

RotationAsk to ptient to look over the shoulder.

STEPS NINE

RotationAgain a spatula use a pointer. Normal range = 80