pBf]u / ljsf;...pBf]un] pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj clej[l4 uƒL cfo cfh{gsf] dfWodaf6 ‚yfgLo cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{ dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5„ ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf cfly{s ?kdf cfTd lge{ƒ

pBf]u / ljsf;

jif{ !@ c+s ! @)&$ c;f/ ;+o'Qm k"0ff{Í !&, !*, !(Vol. 12 No. 1 2017 June/July Issue 17, 18, 19

g]kfn ;/sf/

pBf]u dGqfnol;+xb/jf/, sf8df8f}+

k|sfzs M g]kfn ;/sf/

pBf]u dGqfno

l;+xb/jf/, sf7df8f}+

kmf]gg+= M $@!!%&(÷$@!!%$)

km\ofS; M (&&–!–$@!!^!(

Email : [email protected]

Website : https://www.moi.gov.np

k|sflzt M %)) k|lt

k|sfzgldlt M @)&$ c;f/

d'b|s M k|ult lk|G6;{, cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+

kmf]g g+= )!–$@%)^%%

;jf{lwsf/ M g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]u dGqfnodf lglxt

-o; klqsfdf k|sflzt n]v/rgfx?df JoQm ljrf/x? n]vssf lghL ljrf/ ePsfn] pQm n]vx?k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L n]vs :jod\df lglxt /xg]5 .

;+/Ifsz+s/k|;fbsf]O/fnf

;lrj

;Dkfbs d08n

;+of]hsk'?iff]Qd g]kfn

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k|bLk >]i7;'/]; ;'j]bL

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;DkfbsLo

d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] OlGhgsf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf;, lj‚tfƒ ƒ k|j4{g dfly g} g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;d[l4 lge{ƒ ƒx]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t uƒL cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f, df}h'bf cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒx¿sf] clwstd pkof]u ug]{, cf}Bf]lus If]q tyf ljz]if cfly{s If]qx¿df pBf]u ‚yfkgf tyf ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf pknAw uƒfpg], cfoft k|lt‚yfkg tyf lgof{t k|j4{gdf hf]8 lbO{ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 ug]{, n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{g uƒL pTkfbgzLn ƒf]hufƒLdf j[l4 u/L ulƒaL Go"lgsƒ0f ub}{ ƒfli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ƒ ;d[4 agfpg pBf]u If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf ƒxG5„ cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g, pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;, nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0fsf] l;h{gf, ;ƒsfƒL pBf]ux¿sf] Joj‚yfkg, vfgL tyf e"ue{sf] cGj]if0f ƒ o;df cfwflƒt pBf]usf] ljsf; ƒ Joj‚yfkg, u'0f‚tƒ dfkb08 ƒ Joj‚yfkg cflb cfly{s ;d[l4;+u ;DalGwt sfo{x¿ ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{ pBf]u dGqfnosf] sfo{If]qdf kb{5„

‚jflwg, ;d'Ggt tyf ;Dd[4 ƒfli6«o cy{tGq lgdf{0f dfkm{t ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf ljsf;zLn d'n'saf6 ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf km8†sf] dfg]{ ƒfli6«o ;f]rnfO{ k|fKt ug{ cf}Bf]lus k|j4{g, pTkfbg j[l4 ƒ pTkfbgzLn ƒf]hufƒL j[l4 g} k|d'v dfWodx¿ x'g„ pBdzLntf k|j4{g uƒL ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf ‚jb]zd} pknAw sRrf kbfy{, >d, ;Lk ƒ k|ljlw k|of]u x'g] n3' tyf 3ƒ]n' pBf]usf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ljsf;df Jofkstf Nofpg ‚yfgLo txdf ‚yfkgf x'g] pBf]u ljsf; sfof{no dfkm{t sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng uƒL cfufdL Ps bzs leq d'n's leq} ƒf]hufƒLsf cj;ƒx¿ j[l4 uƒL dlxnf tyf o'jfx¿nfO{ pBdzLntf tkm{ cfslif{t ug'{ clgjfo{ 5„ oL sfo{x¿af6 d'n'sdf ulƒaL Go"gLsƒ0f x'gfsf ;fy} ;j{;fwfƒ0f g]kfnLn] u'0f‚tƒLo ‚jb]zL j‚t' pkof]u ug{ kfpg] ƒ lgof{tdf j[l4 ƒ cfoft k|lt‚yfkg x'g u} ;du|df ;Gt'lnt cy{tGq sfod x'g hfG5„

ƒfHosf] s'n ufXo{‚y pTkfbgdf slƒa !% k|ltzt;Dd of]ubfg k'u]sf] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] pTkfbg Ifdtf ljut 8]9 bzsdf ljljw sfƒ0fn] qmdzM 36†b} uPsf] 5„ o;dfly lj=;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] ljgfzsfƒL e'sDk kZrft o;af6 kƒ]sf] k|lts'n c;ƒn] pBf]u If]q gsfƒfTds ?kdf k|efljt x'g uO{ o; If]qsf] of]ubfg C0ffTds j[l4df ;d]t ;Lldt ƒxg k'Uof]„ ;ƒsfƒL tyf lghL If]qsf ?U0f pBf]unfO{ k'gM‚yfkgf ug{ cf}Bf]lus nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0fsf] cefj, cf}Bf]lus ljB't cfk"lt{sf] ckof{Kttf, cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒsf] ckof{Kttf, ƒf]hufƒbftf ƒ >lds aLrsf] ljjfb, ;Ifd cf}Bf]lus hgzlQmsf] cefj, u'0f‚tƒLo j‚t' pTkfbg x'g g;Sg' ƒ cf}Bf]lus j‚t'x¿sf] pRr k|lt‚kwf{ h‚tf sfƒ0fx¿n] ubf{ pBf]u If]qdf cfGtlƒs tyf afXo nufgL 36†g uO{ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf k|lts'n c;ƒ kg{ uPsf] b]lvG5„

oL ;d‚ofx¿nfO{ gLltut ƒ sfo{qmdut ?kdf ;+jf]wg ug{ pBf]u dGqfnosf] g]t[Tjdf ljleGg ;'wfƒx¿ ePsf 5g†„ ljz]if uƒ]ƒ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf;, Psåfƒ k|0ffnLsf] sfof{Gjog, k|rlnt P]g sfg"gx¿df ;d;fdlos ;'wfƒ, pBf]u k|zf;gsf] ;]jfnfO{ kfƒbzL{ ƒ r'‚t b'?‚t agfpg tyf nufgL d}qL jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf ug{ ljleGg ;'wfƒx¿ ePsf 5g†„ d'n'sdf ljut b]lv d"n ;d‚ofsf] ?kdf ƒxL cfPsf] phf{ ;+s6sf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg tkm{ klg k|z‚t sbdx¿ rflnPsf 5g†„ oL ;a} ;'wfƒx¿n] g]kfndf pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngdf ;'wfƒ x'g] ‚jb]zdf g} pTkfbgzLn ƒf]hufƒLdf j[l4 x'g] ƒ cfoft k|lt‚yfkg tyf lgof{tdf ;'wfƒ eO{ ;f]wgfGtƒ l‚ylt ;d]t ƒfd|f] x'g] ck]Iff ƒflvPsf] 5„

cGtƒf{li6«o tyf ƒfli6«o klƒjt{gnfO{ ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f >[hgf ub}{ d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lusƒ0fsf] ultnfO{ lta|tf lbg ljb]zL nufgL gLlt, @)&!, ƒfli6«o af}l4s ;DklQ gLlt, @)&#, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&#, ljz]if cfly{s If]q P]g, @)&#, sDkgL P]g klxnf] ;+;f]wg P]g, @)&$, vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ gLlt, @)&# th'{df e} ;s]sf 5g† eg] ut @)&# kmfNu'0f dlxgfdf ePsf] cGtƒf{li6«o nufgL ;Dd]ng dfkm{t !$ va{ ?k}ofsf] k|ltj4tf ;d]t k|fKt ePsf] 5„ o;}uƒL ljb]zL nufgL tyf k|ljlw x‚tfGtƒ0f P]g, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnL, ljz]if cfly{s If]q ljsf; k|flwsƒ0f lgodfjnL th'{df ug]{ sfo{ clGtd cj‚yfdf k'u]sf] 5„ o‚t} pBf]u If]qsf cGo ljleGg gLltut tyf sfg"gL b‚tfj]hx¿nfO{ nufgLd}qL tyf ;d;fdlos aGg] qmddf 5g† ƒ ljleGg ƒfi6«x¿;Fu ljKkf ;Demf}tf ePsf 5g†„

o;}uƒL gLltut tyf sfg"gL ;'wfƒ ;+ƒrgfut ;'wfƒ, k|lqmofut ;'wfƒ, ;+3Lotf cg's'nsf] cf}Bf]lus ;+ƒrgfsf] lgdf{0f cf}Bf]lus If]qdf nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f >[hgf ug{ ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLsf nflu cg's'n jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf ug{ u}ƒcfjf;Lo g]kfnLx¿nfO{ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df klƒrfng ug]{ ;Defjgf a9fpg k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0fdf nufgL a9fpg ‚jf‚Yo cf}Bf]lus >d ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ub}{ cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug{ pBf]u dGqfnosf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd s]lGb|t ƒx]sf 5g†„

klqsfsf] o; c+sdf pBf]u ƒ ljsf; If]qsf ljljw ljifox¿nfO{ ;dfj]z uƒL uƒL ljleGg n]vsx¿sf ljrfƒx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ulƒPsf] x'Fbf pBf]u ƒ ljsf; k|lt rf;f] ƒfVg] ;a}sf nflu of] klqsf pkof]uL x'g] ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}„ oxfFx¿sf] cd'No ;'emfjsf] cfwfƒdf cfufdL c+sx¿df o;df ƒx]sf sdL sdhf]ƒLx¿ ;'wfƒ ub}{ cem klƒdflh{t ƒ u'0f‚tƒLo ?kdf k|sfzg ug]{ ljZjf; lnPsf 5f}+„

cGTodf cf–cfˆgf] n]v ƒrgfx¿ pknAw uƒfOlbg'x'g] >4]o lj1 n]vsHo"x¿ k|lt cfefƒ JoQm ub}{ klqsfnfO{ k|sfzg of]Uo agfpg cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 cd"No of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{ JolQmTjx¿nfO{ wGoafb 1fkg ub{5f}+„

ljifo;"rL

qm=;+= n]v÷/rgf n]vs÷/rgfsf/ k]hg+=

!= cfly{s ;d[l4df n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf]

;Defjgf / ;'wf/sf] dfu{lrq — ofds'df/L vltj8f -af:sf]6f_ !

@= ljZj Aofkf/ k|0ffnL / g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o

Jofkf/ ;++lIfKt ljZn]if0f — tf]of gf/fo0f 1jfnL !^tf]of gf/fo0f 1jfnL !^

#= ;+3Lotfdf pBf]u ;DaGwL ljBdfg gLlt /

cfufdL sfo{lbzf — bfdf]b/ /]UdL @&bfdf]b/ /]UdL @&

$= g]kfndf sDkgL k|zf;g ;DjGwL Joj:yf

/ pknlAwx¿ — k|]ds'df/ >]i7 #%k|]ds'df/ >]i7 #%

%= g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;Dd[l4 / pBf]u If]q — k'?iff]Qd g]kfn $(

^= cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sfcf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sf

kl/j]zx¿ — k|bLks'df/ sf]O/fnf &)

&= g]kfndf vlgh ;Dkbf M jt{dfg cj:yf /

ljsf;sf k|of;x¿ — /fh]Gb| k|;fb vgfn &(

*= gofF 6«]8dfs{ P]gdf ;d]l6g'kg]{ kIfx¿ — lbks l3ld/] *#

(= dlxnfd}qL jt{dfg cf}Bf]lus sfg"g /

efjL sfo{lbzf — lji0f's'df/L e';fn *(lji0f's'df/L e';fn *(

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�pBf]u / ljsf;

cfly{s ;d[l4df n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] ;Defjgf / ;'wf/sf] dfu{lrq

ofds'df/L vltj*f (af:sf]^f);lrj, g]kfn ;/sf/

!= ljifo k|j]z M b]zsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] OlGhgsf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf;n] cy{tGqsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;df 6]jf k'¥ofpFb} ;du| cy{tGqnfO{ rnfodfg agfpg dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5„ ljleGg cfGtlƒs ƒ afXo sfƒ0fn] ubf{ at{dfg cj‚yfdf o; If]qsf] of]ubfg s'n ufx{‚y pTkfbgdf 36†bf] qmddf ƒx]sf] 5„ To;}uƒL cToflws ?kdf a9]sf] cfoft ƒ 36†b} uPsf] lgof{tn] Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] vf8n lgs} kmƒflsnf] xF 'b} uOƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df t'ngfTds nfe ƒ k|lt‚kwf{Tds Ifdtfsf] cfwfƒdf 7"nf, demf}nf ƒ ;fgf ;a} lsl;dsf pBf]ux¿sf] k|z‚t} ;Defjgf ƒx]sf] 5„ To;}uƒL ;fgf eGbf klg ;fgf pBd Joj;fox¿nfO{ n3' pBdsf] ?kdf klƒeflift ulƒ ;~rfng ulƒPsf] 5 eg] sltko n3' pBdx¿ btf{ g} geO{ cgf}krflƒs ?kd} ;~rflnt ePsfn] o‚tf pBdx¿sf] s'n ufx{‚y pTkfbgsf] of]ubfgdf k|ltlglwTj ƒx]sf] 5}g„ oBlk ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf uƒL cfo cfh{g a9fO{ hgtfsf] hLjg‚tƒdf 68†sfƒf] ?kdf ;'wfƒ NofPsf] b]lvG5„ ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sx¿ >Ln+sf, l;+ufk'ƒ, dn]l;of, blIf0f sf]lƒof, cd]lƒsf cflbdf 7"nf eGbf ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]u Joj;fox¿sf] lx‚;f ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf pNn]vgLo ƒx]h‚t} g]kfndf klg s'n ufXo{‚y pTkfbgdf slƒa ^Ü ƒx]sf] pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg dWo] slƒa ()Ü lx‚;f n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] ƒx]sf] 5„ To;}uƒL, ‚yfgLo sRrf kbfy{sf] pkof]u uƒL ‚yfgLo >daf6 yf]ƒ} k"FhL, ;ƒn k|ljlwsf ;fy ;+rfng ug{ ;lsg] ƒ l56f] k|ltkmn cfpg] x'Fbf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]un] pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj clej[l4 uƒL cfo cfh{gsf] dfWodaf6 ‚yfgLo cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 kfg{ dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5„ ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf cfly{s ?kdf cfTd lge{ƒ x'b} ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg uƒL b]zsf] ulƒjL Go"lgsƒ0f ƒ ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf uƒL g]kfnL ;Lk, snf, ;+‚s[lt ƒ kƒDkƒfnfO{ cGtƒf{li6«o ‚tƒdf klƒlrt uƒfO{ lgof{t k|j4{gdf ;d]t dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] o; If]qsf] yk k|j4{g uƒL ƒfli6«o cy{tGqsf] lbuf] ƒ eƒkbf{] cfwfƒ‚tDesf] ?kdf ‚yflkt ug{]uƒL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ s]lGb|t x'g'kg{] b]lvG5„

� pBf]u / ljsf;

@= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] ljBdfg cj:yf MpBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg dWo] slƒa ()Ü cf]u6]sf] 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] btf{sf] cj‚yf x]bf{ cf=j= @)&#÷)&$ sf] kmfu'g d;fGt;Dd @ nfv &) xhfƒ (** eGbf a9L 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] btf{ sfod ƒx]sf] 5 ƒ o‚tf pBf]ux¿af6 @@ nfv aƒfaƒsf] ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf x'g] b]lvG5„ o;ƒL ;+VofTds ?kdf btf{ ePsf pBf]ux¿ slt ;~rfngdf 5g†, slt aGb cj‚yfdf 5g† ƒ slt lgis[o ƒx]sf 5g† eGg] cflwsflƒs tYofÍ pknAw b]lvb}g oBkL btf{ sfod ƒx]sf eGgfn] lgoldt ?kdf gjLsƒ0f eOƒx]sf pBf]ux¿sf] ;+VofnfO{ hgfpFb5„ pBf]usf] k|s[ltsf] cfwfƒdf pTkfbgd"ns, phf{d"ns, s[lif tyf jghGo, ko{6g, vlgh, ;]jfd"ns ƒ lgdf{0f uƒL * k|sfƒsf] juL{sƒ0f cg';fƒ btf{ ePsf 5g†„ To;}uƒL pBf]u dGqfno4fƒf ;~rflnt n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd ƒ ulƒjL lgjfƒ0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd dfkm{t dfq klg cfly{s jif{ )&#÷)&$ c;fƒ;Dd ! nfv !( xhfƒ *% n3' pBdLx¿ l;h{gf eO{ pBdLsf] ?kdf ‚yflkt 5g† eg] yk %# xhfƒ * ;o *% hgfsf] ;+Vofdf ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf ePsf] 5„ o;ƒL ;~rflnt pBdx¿dWo] s[lifdf cfwflƒt %$Ü, jgdf cfwflƒt !*Ü, cfl6{zgdf cfwflƒt !#Ü, ;]jfdf cfwflƒt ^Ü, ko{6gdf cfwflƒt &Ü ƒx]sf 5g†„ oBlk, clwsf+z n3' pBdLx¿sf Joj;fox¿ btf{ gePsf sfƒ0f o‚tf Joj;fosf] of]ubfg ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf k|ltlalDat ePsf] kfO{b}g„ laBdfg cf}Bf]lus Aoa;fo P]g, @)&# n] klxnf] k6s n3' pBdnfO{ klƒefifflƒt ub{} ljleGg lsl;dsf ;'ljwfx¿ ;d]t k|bfg uƒ]sf] 5„

#= cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# cg';f/ n3', 3/]n' / ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] juL{s/0f M

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# n] pBf]usf] k|s[ltsf cfwfƒdf pTkfbgd"ns, phf{d"ns, s[lif tyf jgk}bfjƒdf cfwflƒt, ko{6g, vlgh, ;]jfd"ns, lgdf{0f ƒ ;"rgf, k|;fƒ tyf ;~rfƒ k|ljlwdf cfwflƒt pBf]u uƒL * k|sfƒdf juL{sƒ0f ulƒPsf] 5 eg] k'FhLsf] cfwfƒdf n3' pBd, ;fgf pBf]u, demf}nf pBf]u ƒ 7"nf pBf]u uƒL juL{sƒ0f ulƒPsf] 5„

n3' pBd M • 3ƒhUuf afx]s a9Ldf % nfv ?k}of;Ddsf] l‚yƒ k'FhL ePsf]„

• pBdL ‚jod† pBf]usf] ;~rfng ƒ Joj‚yfkgdf ;+nUg ƒx]sf]„

• pBdL ;lxt a9Ldf ( hgf;Dd sfdbfƒ ƒx]sf]„

• aflif{s sfƒf]jfƒ %) nfv eGbf sd ƒx]sf]„

�pBf]u / ljsf;

• OlGhg, pkƒsƒ0f jf d]l;gsf] k|of]u uƒ]sf] ePdf OlGhg pksƒ0f jf d]l;gdf vkt x'g] ljB'tLo phf{, OGwg jf cGo t]n OlGhg Ifdtf @) lsnf]af6 jf ;f] eGbf sd ƒx]sf]„ -tƒ P]g cg';fƒ cg'dlt÷‚jLs[lt lng'kg{] pBf]unfO{ n3' pBd dflgg] 5}g„_

3/]n' pBf]u M • kƒDkƒfut ;Lk ƒ k|ljlwdf cfwflƒt

• >dd'ns jf vf; ;Lk jf ‚yfgLo sRrf kbfy{ P+j ‚yfgLo k|ljlw snf tyf ;+‚s[ltdf cfwflƒt

• OlGhg, pksƒ0f jf d]l;gsf] k|of]u ePdf al9df !) lsnf]af6 ;Ddsf] Ifdtfsf] ljB'tLo phf{ k|of]u uƒ]sf]„

;fgf pBf]u M • n3' pBd ƒ 3ƒ]n' pBf]u afx]ssf] !) sƒf]8 ?k}of;Dd l‚yƒ k'FhL ePsf] pBf]u„

demf}nf pBf]u M • !) sƒf]8 ?k}of eGbf a9L @% sƒf]8 ?k}of;Dd l‚yƒ k'FhL ePsf] pBf]u„

7'nf pBf]u M • @% sƒf]8 eGbf a9L l‚yƒ k'FhL ePsf] pBf]u„

$= ljBdfg cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] u/]sf laz]if Joj:yfx¿ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# n] k|bfg uƒ]sf 5'6 ;'ljwfx¿ jf ;x'lnotnfO{ l;ldt ug{] uƒL s'g} Joj‚yf ulƒg] 5}g eGg] k|Tofe"lt ub{} ljleGg 5'6 P+j ;'ljwfx¿ pknAw uƒfPsf] 5„ s]xL d'Vo d'Vo 5'6 P+j ;'ljwfx¿ b]xfo adf]lhd pNn]v ulƒPsf] 5„

$=! cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# df n3' pBf]usf] klƒefiff uƒL To‚tf pBf]ux¿nfO{ lgz'Ns btf{ ug]{ ƒ % jif{ ;Dd cfosƒ 5'6 lbg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ To;} uƒL 3ƒ]n' pBf]unfO{ k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]usf] ?kdf juL{sƒ0f ulƒPsf] 5„

$=@ clt cljsl;t If]qdf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{ ;xsfƒL, n3'pBd, 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]unfO{ lapF k'FhL -l;8 dlg_ sf] ?kdf g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] g]kfn ƒfhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg uƒL tf]s] adf]lhd cg'bfg pknAw uƒfpg ;Sg] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf]„

$=# ƒfli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u jf ‚jb]zL sRrf kbfy{, >d ƒ ;Lksf] clwstd pkof]u jf g]kfn leq} k|ljlw jf j‚t'sf] cfljisfƒ uƒL ‚yfkgf ePsf pBf]ux¿sf]

� pBf]u / ljsf;

nflu pWff]u tyf nufgL k|a4{g af]8{sf] l;kmflƒ;df g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] g]kfn ƒfhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg uƒL yk ;'ljwf ;x'lnot lbg ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

$=$ pTkfbgd"ns pBf]uaf6 cflh{t cfodf nfUg] sƒsf] bƒdf @)Ü n] 5'6 x'g] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„ To;}uƒL ;8s, k'n nufot cf}Bf]lus ;+ƒrgf P+j k"jf{wfƒ h‚tf lgdf{0fd"ns pBf]udf nufgL uƒL ;~rfng uƒ]df ;f] af6 k|fKt cfodf nfUg] sƒsf] bƒdf $)Ü n] 5'6 x'g]5„

$=% clt cljsl;t ƒ sd ljsl;t If]qdf ‚yflkt pTkfbgd"ns pBf]ux¿sf nflu ljz]if ;x'lnotsf] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

$=^ hUuf k|flKtdf ;xhLsƒ0f ;DaGwLM

• tf]lsP adf]lhdsf pBf]u ;~rfng ug]{ pBdLn] pBf]usf nflu cfjZos hUuf vlƒb ug{ g;s]df ;f]xL Joxf]ƒf v'nfO{ hUuf vlƒb ug{ jf hUuf pknAw uƒfOlbg cg'ƒf]w uƒ]df pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfon] hUuf vlƒb ug{] jf hUuf pknAw uƒfOlbg] ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;dGjo ƒ ;xhLsƒ0f ulƒlbg] k|fjwfg ƒx]sf] 5„

• ƒfli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]u ;~rfng ug{ ;ƒsfƒsf] ‚jfldTjdf ƒx]sf] hUuf cfjZos kg]{ ePdf To‚tf pBf]un] cfkm'nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hUufsf] If]qkmn v'nfO{ pknAw uƒfpg ;DalGwt pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5„ To‚tf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgf leq g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd To‚tf] hUuf pBf]u ;~rfng k|of]hgsf] nflu ;DalGwt pBf]unfO{ lnhdf pknAw uƒfpg ;Sg] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

• s'g} pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hUUff k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ƒfVg kfpg] hUufsf] clwstd xb eGbf a9L ePdf ;f] a9L eP ;Ddsf] hUuf ƒfVg] 5'6 kfpg To‚tf] pBf]un] pBf]u btf{ ug]{ lgsfo dfkm{t g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ ;dIf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5„ o;ƒL lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf pBf]usf] cfjZostfsf] cfwfƒdf g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf ƒxL tf]lsPsf] xb;Ddsf] hUuf ƒfVg kfpg] uƒL 5'6 lbg ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

$=& pBf]u tyf nufgL k|j4{g af]8{, Psn ljGb' ;]jf ;+rfng ;ldlt, Psn ;]jf s]Gb| lgb]{zs ;ldltdf dxf;+3sf] k|ltlglwTj ƒx]sf] 5„

�pBf]u / ljsf;

$=* ?U0f pBf]usf] Joj‚yfkg ;DaGwdf ?U0f pBf]usf] ‚ki6 Joj‚yf x'g'sf ;fy} klxrfg, juL{sƒ0f, ;'ljwf, ;x'lnot tyf 5'6 ƒ ;+‚yfut Joj‚yf k|‚tfj ulƒPsf] 5„ ;fy} ?U0f pBf]u k'g{pTyfg, k'glgdf{0f tyf Joj‚yfkg sf]ifsf] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

$=( n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{gsf nflu ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf lhNnf l‚yt 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3sf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj ƒxg] uƒL lhNnf pBf]u k|j4{g ;ldltsf] u7g x'g] Joj‚yf 5 „

$=!) ;fgf tyf 3ƒ]n' pBf]usf] pTkfbgsf] ahfƒ k|j4{gsf nflu pksƒfƒ uƒL pTkfbg ug{ ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

$=!! dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] nflu ulƒPsf ljz]if Joj‚yfx¿

• dlxnfsf] ‚jfldTjdf btf{ pBf]usf] btf{ ƒlhi6«];g b‚t'ƒdf #%Ü 5'6 x'g] ƒ af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL pBf]u btf{ ePdf @)Ü 5'6 x'g] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

• dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] ;ƒn ljQLo kx'rsf nflu dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]ifsf] ‚yfkgf ;DaGwL k|fjwfg ƒflvPsf] 5„

• ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf dlxnf pBdLsf pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy ‚yfkgf ƒ ;+rfng ug]{ Joj‚yf 5„

• dlxnf pBdLsf] dfq ‚jfldTj ƒx]sf] pBf]un] cfkm†gf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg lgof{t ug{] k|of]hgsf] nflu shf{ dfu uƒ]df dlxnf pBdLsf] Joj;fosf] ljQLo l‚yltsf] cfwfƒdf tf]lsP adf]lhd lgof{tshf{ pknAw uƒfpg] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

$!@ ;fgf, demf}nf ƒ 7"nf pBf]ux¿sf] nufgL k"FhLsf] ;Ldf a9fOPsf] 5„

$=!# cfˆgf] pTkfbgsf] s'n laqmLdWo] $)Ü eGbf a9L lgsf;L ug]{ pBf]un] vlƒbdf ltƒ]sf] sƒ ldnfg uƒL a9L ePsf] d"=c=sƒ lkmtf{ bfjL uƒ]df ! dlxgf leq lkmtf{ kfpg] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

$=!$ cf}Bf]lus lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu lgof{t k|j4{g If]q jf lgof{t k|zf]wg If]q jf ljz]if cfly{s If]q jf ljz]if Jofkflƒs If]q jf ko{6sLo jf cGo s'g} If]q ƒxg] uƒL g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] g]kfn ƒfhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt uƒL g]kfnsf] s'g} ‚yfg jf If]qnfO{ tf]Sg ;Sg] k|fjwfg ƒx]sf] 5„ To;} uƒL cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;+efjgf ƒ cj;ƒ pknJw ƒx]sf] b]zsf] s'g} efu jf ‚yfgnfO{ tf]lsP

� pBf]u / ljsf;

adf]lhdsf dfkb08sf clwgdf ƒxL g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] g]kfn ƒfhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt uƒL cf}Bf]lus slƒ8f]ƒ, cf}Bf]lus u|fd tyf cf}Bf]lus Sn‚6ƒ 3f]if0ff uƒL tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ;x'lnot pknJw uƒfpg ;Sg] Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

$=!% sƒf]8 eGbf a9Lsf] k"'hL nufgLdf dxfguƒkflnsf ƒ pkdxfguƒkflnsf afx]ssf If]qdf ‚yfkgf x'g] k"jf{wfƒo'St xf]6n, lƒ;f]6{ h‚tf ko{6g If]q;Fu ;DalGwt pBf]unfO{ sfƒf]jfƒ ;'? uƒ]sf] ldltn] % jif{;Dd k"0f{?kdf cfosƒ 5'6 eO{ To;kl5sf] # jif{;Dd nfUg] cfosƒsf] bƒdf %)Ü n] 5'6 x'g]5„

$=!^ pTkfbgd"ns pBf]un] pTkfbg uƒ]sf] a‚t' lgof{t uƒ]df k|fKt cfodf nfUg] sƒsf] bƒdf @%Ü n] 5'6 x'g]5„

$=!& pBf]un] Joj;fo;Fu ;DaGwL ahfƒ k|j4{g, ;j{]If0f ƒ lj1fkgsf] nflu ePsf] vr{ cfosƒsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu s§L ug{;Sg] Joj‚yf 5„

$=!* pBf]un] cfkm†gf] Joj;flos k|of]hgsf] nflu cfoft ug{] d]lzgƒL 6«fG;kmd{ƒ !) lsnf]af6 jf ;f] eGbf a9L Ifdtfsf] h]g]ƒ]6ƒ ƒ cf}Bf]lus psƒ0fdf Go"gtd bƒdf eG;fƒ nfUg]5„

$=!( pBf]udf k|of]u x'g] sRrf kbfy{, ;xfos sRr kbfy{, Kofs]lhª ;fdfu|Ldf nfUg] eG;fƒ dx;'n ;fdfGotof To‚tf] sRrf kbfy{af6 pTkfbg x'g] tofƒL a‚t'sf] cfoftdf nfUg] eG;fƒ bƒeGbf Ps tx sd x'g]5„

%= g]kfn ;/sf/÷ pBf]u dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 ;Djf]wg e}/x]sf cGo ljifox¿M%=! d'n'snfO{ cf}Bf]uLsƒ0f tkm{ pGd''v ub}{ ‚jb]zL pBf]u ƒ Joj;fosf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ

;Dj4{g ug{ cfjZos ePsf]n] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf ‚jb]zL j‚t'sf] pkof]u ug]{ ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, @)&! g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ -dlGqklƒifb†_ af6 ‚jLs[t e} sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf] 5„ pQm lgb]{lzsfnfO{ g]kfn ƒfHoeƒ k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ uƒfpg pBf]u dGqfnoaf6 ljleGg k|of;x¿ e} ƒx]sf 5g†„

%=@ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahfƒ k|j4{gsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd (MEDEP) tyf 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no ƒ ;ldltsf sfof{no dfkm{t ;f}uft u[x ‚yfkgf e} ;+rfngdf ƒx]sf ƒ pQm ;f}uft u[x tyf sf]z]nL 3ƒsf] ;+Vof a9fpb} hfg] of]hgf ƒx]sf] 5„

%=# cy{ dGqfnoaf6 e"sDk kLl8t pBf]u Joj;fosf] k'g?4fƒ sf]ifsf] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ pQm sf]ifdf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿ ;d]t nfeflGjt x'g] uƒL ljleGg Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

�pBf]u / ljsf;

e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Iflt, l;dfgfsfdf ePsf] cjƒf]w tyf cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLsf] c;xh klƒl‚yltaf6 s[lif, ko{6g, pBf]u Joj;fo nufotsf cy{tGqdf kg{ uPsf] k|lts'n c;ƒnfO{ Go"gLsƒ0f ub}{ nufgLsf] ljZj;gLo jftfjƒ0f agfO{ ƒfVg Pj+ cfly{s ultzLntf a9fpg] g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] nfu" uƒ]sf] cfly{s k'g?4fƒ sf]if -‚yfkgf ƒ ;+rfng_ sfo{ljlw dfkm{t Aofh cg'bfg ƒ k'gs{hf{ ;DaGwL laleGg Aoa‚yf uƒ]sf] 5„

k'g{shf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfMs_ e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf ƒ k'gs{hf{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf If]qx¿df ;~rflnt

pBf]u Joj;fox¿n] dfq k'gs{hf{ ;'ljwf k|fKt ug]{ 5g†„

v_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+‚yfn] s'g} klg C0fLnfO{ ?= kfFr sƒf]8;Ddsf] k"ƒ} ƒ ;f] eGbf a9L shf{ pkof]u uƒ]sf] cj‚yfdf pQm a9L shf{sf] aL; k|ltztsf bƒn] of] ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{5„

u_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+‚yfaf6 C0f glnPsf pBf]u÷Joj;fox¿n] klg e"sDkaf6 Iflt ePsf] sfƒ0f C0f lng rfx]df l;=g+= -@_ sf] ;Ldf cg';fƒ g} of] ;'ljwf pknAw uƒfOg] 5„ plNnlvt k|fjwfgx¿n] n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBdLx¿nfO{ nfe lng ;Sg] Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] b]lvG5„

%=$= dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; ;DaGwL sf]if ‚yfkgf e} xfn $^ lhNnfx¿df ;+rfngdf ƒx]sf]„ dlxnfx¿nfO{ ljgf lwtf] Go"gtd Aofhbƒdf ;ƒn?kdf shf{ pknAw uƒfpb} cfPsf] o; sf]ifdf k|To]s jif{ ƒsd ljlgof]hg uƒL sf]if j[l4 ug]{ ƒ &% j6} lhNnfdf sfo{qmd la‚tfƒ ug]{ of]hgf 5„

%=% ;fs{‚tƒLo x‚tsnf s]Gb| lgdf{0fsf nflu hUuf 5'6†ofOPsf]n] cfufdL cf=j= b]lv s]Gb| lgdf{0f yfngL ulƒg] of]hgf ƒx]sf] 5„

%=^ d'n's ;+3Lotfdf k|j]z ulƒ;s]sf] ;Gbe{df k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps÷Ps j6f sDtLdf !))) ljufxf If]qkmndf cf}Bf]lus If]q ‚yfkgf ug{ k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg] g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ dlGqklƒifb†sf] ‚jLs[lt cg';fƒ s]xL k|b]zdf hUuf k|flKt e};s]sf] ƒ s]xL ‚yfgdf k|fKt x'g] qmddf ƒx]sf] 5„

%=& ;o'Qm ƒfHo cd]lƒsfn] g]kfnnfO{ s]xL cjlwsf nflu tofƒL kf]zfsdf eG;fƒ 5"6 ;'ljwf pknJw uƒfPsf] ;Gbe{df ljz]if cfly{s If]q ‚yfkgfsf] nflu 5'6†ofOPsf] l;dƒf l‚yt hUufdf ufd]{G6 k|zf]wg (Garment Processing Zone) If]q (GPZ) sf] ?kdf k"jf{wfƒ lasf; ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL e};s]sf] 5„ cfufdL @ jif{df k"jf{wfƒ tofƒ ug]{ of]hgf ƒx]sf] 5„

� pBf]u / ljsf;

^= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf ;d:of÷r'gf}tLx¿ M ;fgf] klƒdf0fdf pTkfbg x'g] x'Fbf ahfƒLsƒ0fdf ;d‚of kƒ]]sf], pBdx¿ 5lƒPƒ ƒxgfn] pTkfbsTj sd x'g'sf ;fy} g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] k'¥ofpg] ;]jf ;'lawf pknAw uƒfpg ;d]t sl7gfO x'g] ƒ pTkflbt j‚t'x¿sf] u|]l8ª, 6]li6ª, Kofs]lhª, n]alnª, ;l6{lkms]zg h‚tf u'0f‚tƒ;Fu ;DalGwt ;d‚ofx¿ ƒx]sf 5g†„ To;}uƒL Joj;fo z'? ug{sf nflu aLp k"FhL (Start up Fund) sf] cefj, ljQLo kx'Frdf ;d‚of -n3'ljQ ;+‚yfn] ;d]t Whole Sale Lending ug]{ uƒ]sf]_, cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ug{ g;lsg', pTkfbg nfut a9L x'g] x'Fbf cfofltt j‚t'x¿;Fu k|lt‚kwf{ ug{ g;Sg', pTkflbt j‚t'x¿sf] ljqmL sIf tyf k|bz{gL‚ynsf] cefj, ‚jb]zL j‚t'sf] pkof]udf ;fj{hlgs lgsfox¿n] ;d]t k|fyldstf glbg' h‚tf ;d‚of ƒx]sf 5g†„ To;}uƒL, phf{ ;+s6, cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] cefj h‚tf ljljw ;d‚of ef]Ub} cfPsf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿ @)&@ a}zfv !@, !# ƒ @( ut] uPsf] ljgfzsfƒL e"sDkaf6 yk k|efljt ePsf 5g†„ sltko pBdLx¿sf] Hofg g} uPsf] 5 eg] clwsf+z n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿ k"0f{?kdf ƒ s]xL cf+lzs ?kdf Ifltu|‚t ePsf 5g†„ ‚yfgLo‚tƒdf ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf ƒ cfo cfh{gsf] dfWodaf6 b]zsf] ulƒjL Go"gLsƒ0fdf ;d]t dxÎjk"0f{ ƒx]sf] o; If]qnfO{ tTsfn k'g?Tyfg uƒL pBd Joj;fo k'g ;+rfng x'g ;Sg] cj‚yfdf Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5„

&= n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|a4{gsf ;DaGwdf ljz]if ;'emfjx¿M

&=! gLltut÷sfg"gL ;'wf/ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|efjsfƒL ?kdf k|j4{g ug{sf] nflu sfg"gL

Joj‚yf g} 5'§} x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5„ o; If]qsf] Joj‚yfkg ƒ k|zf;gsf] d'Vo sfg"g cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{gdf Tolt Wofg lbPsf] b]lvFb}g„ k|ljlwdf ljz]if cg'bfg, Aofhdf ljz]if 5'6sf] Joj‚yf, ;ƒn ƒ ;xh lsl;dsf] btf{ k|0ffnL ƒ k|zf;lgs k|lqmof, ;ƒn ƒ ;x'lnotk"0f{ sƒ k|0ffnL ;d]tsf] 5'§} sfg"g Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5„ efƒt, rLg, >Ln+sf h‚tf b]zdf klg SMEs sf] nflu ljz]if Package ;d]tsf] 5'§} sfg"gL Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] ljsf; jf k|j4{gdf 7"nf pBf]unfO{ ldnfpFbf ;fgf pBf]u 5fofFdf kg]{ x'Fbf 5'§} sfg"gL Joj‚yf x'g h?ƒL 5„

&=@ ;+:yfut÷;+/rgfut Joj:yfdf ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/ xfn pBf]u dGqfno cGtu{t 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu cGtu{tsf @& j6f

lhNnfx¿ ƒ ljsf; ;ldlt P]g cGtu{t ul7t 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt

�pBf]u / ljsf;

cGtu{t lxdfn ƒ kxf8L If]qsf $* j6f lhNnfdf ƒx]sf sfof{nox¿ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] Joj‚yfkg tyf k|zf;g ug]{ lgsfox¿ x'g„ xfn cf}krflƒs ?kdf l;h{gf ePsf n3' pBdLx¿ cflwsflƒs ?kdf btf{ ug]{ sfg"gL Joj‚yf ;d]t 5}g„ n3' pBdx¿ 3ƒ]n' pBf]usf ?kdf lhNnfl‚yt 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nodf btf{ x'g] uƒ]sf 5g†„ ;fgf–;fgf Joj;fo ulƒƒx]sf o‚tf pBdx¿ n3'sf] ?kdf ;xh ƒ ;ƒn lsl;dn] btf{ x'g] k|fjwfgsf] cefjn] clwsf+z btf{ gePƒ} cgf}krflƒs ?kdf ;~rflnt 5g†„

o‚tf sfof{nox¿df ƒxg] clwsf+z hgzlQm a9L dfqfdf k|zf;lgs bIftf ePsf ƒ k|fljlws ƒ pBdzLntf ;DaGwL ljifodf sd bIftf ePsf ƒx]sf 5g† eg] cfjZostf cg';fƒsf] hgzlQm ;d]t gƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ ;+3Lo ;+ƒrgf cg';fƒ s]lGb|o ƒ ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf ƒx]sf] ;+ƒrgfdf ;d]t k'g;{+ƒrgf uƒL Pp6} lgsfoaf6 x]lƒg'kg]{ b]lvG5„ ljleGg d'n'sx¿ h;n] n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] dfWodaf6 cy{tGqdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg uƒ]sf 5g† ;fgf pBf]unfO{ x]g]{ 5'§} lgsfo ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ 7"nf ƒ ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] plQs} ;Defjgf ePsf]n] lgsfout ?kdf ƒ sfg"gL ?kdf klg b'j} If]qnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbPƒ n}hfg'kg]{ b]lvG5„ 7"nf pBf]uxx¿nfO{ sfg"gL ;xhLsƒ0f ƒ pko'Qm nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0fsf] l;h{gf uƒL ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL lghLIf]qsf k"FhL cfsif{0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 eg] k|r'ƒdfqfdf ƒx]sf] sRrf kbfy{sf] clwstd pkof]u ub}{ ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{gsf] dfWodaf6 ‚yfgLo cy{tGqnfO{ ;an agfpFb} ;du| ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg a9fpg o‚tf If]qdf ;ƒsfƒn] nufgL g} ug'{kg]{ cj‚yf ƒxG5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;fgf eGbf klg ;fgf n3' pBdn] ;d]t ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf ƒ ulƒAfL Go'gLsƒ0fdf 7"nf] e"ldsf v]lnƒx]sf]n] n3' ;d]tnfO{ ;d]6†g] uƒL n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u (Micro Cottage and Small Enterprises- MSME) nfO{ x]g]{ laz]if lhDd]afƒL ;d]tsf] lgsfout Aoa‚yf x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5„

&=# pko'Qm hgzlQmsf] Joj:yf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ;Defjgfsf >f]t dfkg Resources Mapping

b]lv g} z'? uƒL o‚tf >f]t;fwgdf cfwflƒt pBdL l;h{gf pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;, k|ljlwsf ljifox¿, pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg, tYofÍ Joj‚yfkgsf ljifox¿ ahfƒ Joj‚yfkgsf ljifox¿, E-Marketing sf ljifox¿ 7"nf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿ ;Fu}sf] linkage, cfoft k|lt‚yfkg ƒ lgof{t k|j4{g ;DaGwL ljifox¿ ljQLo kx'Fr ƒ Networking sf ljifox¿ h‚tf k|fljlws tyf pBdzLn k|s[ltsf sfo{x¿

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

;DkGg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] tt†–tt† pBf]u sfof{nox¿df Industrial Engineer o‚tf hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf ƒxG5„ ;fy} xƒ]s 3ƒ]n' sfof{nodf ƒxg] uƒL xfn e}ƒx]sf] 3ƒ]n'sf] bƒaGbL nfO{ k'g;{+ƒrgf ub}{ ;+u7g tyf Joj‚yfkg ;e]{ (O&M) uƒL gofF lsl;dsf hgzlQm l;h{gf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„

&=$ gljg k|ljlwdf ljz]if cg'bfg b]zsf] cy{tGqdf ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] pNn]vlgo e"ldsf ƒx]sf] efƒt, rLg

tyf >Ln+sfh‚tf d'n'sx¿df x]bf{ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] If]qdf uƒ]sf] k|ljlwut ?kfGtƒ0f (Technological Shift) Pp6f dxÎjk"0f{ sfƒ0fsf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] 5„

&=% k|of]uzfnf / R&D s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf pTkfbgx¿sf] u'0f‚tƒ lgwf{ƒ0f uƒL cfGtlƒs ƒ afXo

ahfƒdf dfGotf k|fKt ug]{ lsl;dn] cGtƒf{li6«o‚tƒsf] u'0f‚tƒ sfod ug{ ;Sg] k|of]uzfnfx¿sf] ‚yfkgfdf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{„ ;fy}, ;fgf pBf]usf] If]qdf cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ;d]t hf]8 lbg'kg]{„ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf ePsf] tLj| ljsf; ;Fu} gljg ƒ pko'Qm k|ljlwn] k|lt‚yfkg ug{ g;Sbf SMEs sf pTkfbgx¿sf] u'0f‚tƒdf k|Zg p7†g] uƒ]sf] ;fgf] ‚tƒdf pTkfbg x'g], k|zf]wgdf ;d‚of b]lvPsf]n] Psfltƒ k|ljlw eGbf a9L dfgj >dsf] k|of]u x'g] uƒ]sf] sfƒ0fn] pTkfbg nfut a9L x'g] x'Fbf cfofltt j‚t';Fu k|lt‚kwf{ ug{ g;Sg] ƒ csf]{tkm{ ahfƒsf] dfu cg';fƒsf a‚t' pTkfbg ug{ g;Sg] cj‚yf 5„ ctM cfGtlƒs ƒ afx†o ahfƒsf] dfu cg';fƒsf u'0f‚tƒLo j‚t' pTkfbg ug{;Sg] uƒL xfnsf k'ƒfgf k|ljlwnfO{ k"0f{?kdf gljg k|ljlwx¿n] k|lt‚yfkgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5„ ;fy}, yf]ƒ} ePklg nfut ;xeflutfdf k|ljlw ;xof]u ;ƒsfƒn] ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„

&=^ ;xh / ;x'lnot b/df shf{ k|jfxsf] Joj:yf n3' tyf ;fgf pBdLx¿sf] k|j4{gsf nflu ;‚tf] Aofhbƒdf C0f pknAw uƒfpg'kg]{,

;fy} klƒof]hgf lwtf] ƒfv]ƒ ;d]t C0f lng ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒg'kg]{„ k|To]s a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+‚yfx¿n] sDtLdf klg !)Ü nufgL clgjfo{ ?kdf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] If]qdf ug'{sf ;fy}, s[lifsf] k|fylds pTkfbgdf ;ƒx g} k|zf]wgsf If]qdf ;d]t ;x'lnot bƒdf C0f pknAw uƒfpg'kg]{„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

&=& Joj;fo z'? ug{ k"FhLsf] Joj:yf (Start up fund)÷aLp k"FhLsf] Joj:yf (Seed Money)

pBdzLntf ljsf; ;DaGwL ljleGg ;Lkd"ns tflnd k|fKt uƒ]sf pBdLx¿nfO{ o;ƒL Complete Package sf] ?kdf tflnd lbg] ;+Vofsf] l;kmflƒ;df Joj;fo z'? ug{ lap k"FhL pknAw uƒfpg'kg]{„ o;sf nflu n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u Start-up fund/Venture Capital/Seed Money sf] ?kdf Fund ‚yfkgf ug]{„

&=* ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb|x¿sf] :yfkgf (Common Facility Centre) sf] Joj:yf n3' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ;~rfngsf] nflu p‚t} k|s[ltsf pBdx¿nfO{ PsLs[t uƒL

sfd ug]{ k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f ulƒg'kg]{ ƒ To‚tf ‚yfgdf sRrf kbfy{sf] pknAwtf, k|ljlwdf cg'bfg tyf ;ƒn shf{sf] Joj‚yf ƒ ahfƒLsƒ0fsf] Joj‚yf ulƒg'kg]{„

&=( phf{ cfk"tL{ ;DaGBdf phf{;+s6 ;DaGwdf ljutdf l;df gfsfdf ePsf] cfk"lt{sf] c;xh cj‚yf

ƒ OGwg cfk"lt{sf] c;xhtfnfO{ Wofgdf ƒfVb} eljiodf ;d]t x'g ;Sg] o‚t} k|sfƒsf] OGwg cfk"lt{sf] sl7gfOaf6 ;xh lgsf; k|flKtsf nflu d'n'seƒ btf{, ‚yfkgf tyf ;+rfngdf ƒx]sf 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ phf{sf] ljsNksf] ?kdf ;f}o{ phf{sf] k|of]utkm{ k|f]T;flxt ug{' cfjZos 5„ o;sf nflu, k|yd rƒ0fdf e'sDk k|efljt If]qsf 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿nfO{ k|fyldstf qmddf ƒfvL qmdzM cGo If]qsf pBf]ux¿nfO{ ;d]t pnJw x'g] uƒL ;f]nfƒ Kofgn h8fg vr{sf] j9Ldf %) k|ltztn] x'g] ƒsd, ;f]nfƒ Kofgn h8fg sfo{ ;DkGg eO{ ;+rfngdf cfPkl5 cg'bfg pknJw uƒfpg pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5„ ;f}o{ phf{ pTkfbg nfut tyf cg'dfg k|If]k0f k|of]hgsf nflu n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ;+rfng Ifdtfsf] pkof]u ;Ldf (Capacity Utilization Limit) ^) k|ltztsf] cg'dfgdf cfwflƒt eO{ s'n % lsnf]af6 ljB't Ifdtfsf] ^) k|ltztsf] %) k|ltztn] x'g] ljB't zlQmsf] pTkfbg sfo{ ;f}o{ phf{af6 ug{ j}slNks phf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|;+u ;d]t cfjZos kƒfdz{ uƒL cfufdL cf=j=sf] jh]6 tyf sfo{qmddf pSt cg'bfg ƒsdsf] Joj‚yf ug{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5„

&=!) e"sDk u|:t If]q hxfFsf j:tLx¿ :yfgfGt/0f ug{' kg]{ cj:yfdf 5g\ To:tf j:tLx¿ ;lxt ToxfF /x]sf pBf]ux¿nfO{ ;d]t ;+/If0f ug]{ lx;fjn] pBf]ux¿sf nflu plrt :yfgdf k'gM Joj:yf ug{ Scoping ug'{ pko'St x'g] b]lvG5 .

�� pBf]u / ljsf;

&=!! n3', 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] k|j4{g tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdfMs_ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] pTkfbgsf] k|bz{gL tyf laqmL sIfx¿

tTsfn lgdf{0f ulƒg' kg]{„

v_ g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ pBf]u dGqfno ƒ afl0fHo dGqfnosf] gfddf cfPsf] lxdfn l;d]G6 sfƒvfgfsf] hUufdf cGtƒf{li6«o ‚tƒsf] cf}Bf]lus k|bz{gL ‚yn lgdf{0f sfo{ cufdL cf=j= b]lv z'? ug{ pBf]u dGqfnon] kxn ug{'kg]{„ cy{ dGqfnon] ah]6sf] Joj‚yf ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5„

u_ k|To]s lhNnf÷k|b]zdf n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]un] pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg uƒ]sf j‚t' ƒ ;]jfx¿sf] k|j4{g ug{ pTkfbgsf] ;+sng s]Gb| tyf ljlqmsIfsf] ?kdf ;f}uft u[x÷sf];]nL 3ƒ &% lhNnfdf g} ‚yfkgf uƒL ;fj{hlgs gLlh If]qsf] ;dGjodf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf nflu pBf]u dGqfnon] cg'dflgt nfut tofƒ ah]6 dfu ug{'kg]{„

3_ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{g ug{sf nflu ‚yfkgf ulƒPsf] n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; sf]ifdf ƒ dlxnf pBdlzntf ljsf; sf]ifdf ljlgof]hg ulƒb} cfPsf] ƒsd j[l4uƒL lhNnf lj‚tfƒ uƒL &% a6} lhNnfdf k'¥ofpg' kg]{„

&=!@ /fhdfu{ la;f}gLM n3', 3ƒ]n' ƒ ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{gsf nflu 7"nf 7"nf ƒfhdfu{ leq, 5]pdf ƒ

b]zsf d'Vo d'Vo If]qsf ;8sv08x¿df ‚yfgLo pTkfbg ƒ ;fdu|Lsf] k|j4{g x'g] uƒL cfly{s lqmofsnfkx¿ ;+rfng ug{ ;lsPdf o‚tf ‚yfgLo pTkfbgx¿sf] k|j4{g eO{ ‚yfgLo cy{tGqdf k|ToIf nfe x'g] b]lvG5„ ƒfhdfu{sf 7fpF 7fpFdf ‚yfgLo sRrf kbfy{df cfwflƒt pTkfbg ƒ To;df cfwflƒt ;fgf ;fgf -vfg]s'ƒf, cGo pTkfbgx¿_ la;f}gLx¿ ‚yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{'kg]{ ƒ ƒfhdfu{af6 cf]xf]ƒ bf]xf]ƒ ug]{ ofq'x¿nfO{ nlIft uƒL ysfO dfg]{ ƒ Fresh x'g] uƒL ‚yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug{'kg]{ ƒ o;nfO{ ƒfhdfu{ la;f}gLsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5„ hfkfgdf of] cjwfƒ0ff cToGt} nf]slk|o ƒx]sf] 5„

&=!# Sni6l/ª ug]{M lhNnfdf 5lƒPƒ ƒx]sf ljleGg n3' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿nfO lgwf{ƒ0f (Grading) uƒL

PsLs[t ?kdf pko'St Pp6} ‚yfgdf (Clustering) k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f uƒL pBf]u u|fdsf] ?kdf ‚yfkgf ulƒg'kg]{ h‚n] ubf{ ;]jf ;'ljwf pknAw uƒfpg, pTkfbg klƒ0ffdsf]

��pBf]u / ljsf;

u'0f‚tƒ sfod ug{, ahfƒ k|j4{g ug{ ;d]t ;xh e} pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbgsTj ;d]t j[l4 x'g hfG5„ o;ƒL PsLs[t ulƒPsf ‚yfgdf ;ƒsfƒn] k|ljlwdf cg'bfg lbg'sf ;fy} ;x'lnot bƒdf Aofh pknAw uƒfpg]„

&=!$ pks/f/ gLlt (Sub Contracting)

;fgf pBf]uLx¿n] pTkfbg uƒ]sf pTkfbgx¿ 7"nf pBf]usf -;xfos a‚t'_ sRrf kbfy{sf ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] x'Fbf Sub Contracting gLltsf] dfWodaf6 7"nf pBf]u tyf demf}nf pB]fu ƒ ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] aLrdf Linkage / Networking ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5„ -yfOn}08, hfkfg, >Ln+sf, sf]lƒofdf o‚tf] Joj‚yf ePsf] kfOG5_.

&=!% laqmL sIf (Sales Outlet)M ‚jb]zL sRrf kbfy{ k|of]u uƒL n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ahfƒ k|j4{g ƒ

lgof{t k|j4{gsf nflu cGtƒf{li6«o ljdfg‚yn nufot b]zsf d'Vo d'Vo ljdfg‚yndf ljz]if lg0f{o uƒL n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf pTkfbgx¿n] Sales Outlet x¿ gLlhIf]qsf] ;xsfo{df ƒfVg] Joj‚yf ldnfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5„ pBf]u dGqfnon] ko{6g dGqfno ;Fu} ;dGjo uƒL ‚yfg pknAw uƒfO o‚tf "Nepal Made Stall" vf]Ng] Joj‚yf ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5„ -cGo d'n'sdf klg o‚tf] x'g] uƒ]sf] _

&=!^ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+‚yfaf6 k|jfx ulƒg] shf{df sDtLdf klg !)Ü nufgL n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uLsf nflu clgjfo{ ?kn] nufgL ug{'kg]{ lgb]{zg g]kfn ƒfi6« a}+s dfkm{t ulƒg' kg]{„ ;fy} o‚tf n3' 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uLx¿nfO{ ;‚tf] Aofhbƒdf shf{ pknAw uƒfpg'kg]{„

&=!& nfdf] ;do b]lv sltko pBf]ux¿ ;+rfngdf gƒx]sf tƒ ljleGg lgsfox¿ 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu, sDkgL ƒlhi6fƒsf] sfof{no ƒ cfGtlƒs ƒfh‚j sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{ ljjƒ0f gjLsƒ0f guƒ]sf] sfƒ0fn] nfUg] z'Ns÷hlƒjfgf jSof}tf ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„ pSt z'Ns÷hlƒjfgf a'emfpg g;Sg] sfƒ0fn] pSt pBf]ux¿ btf{ vfƒ]h uƒL cBfjlws x'g g;s]sf] b]lvG5„ t;y{ @)&# c;fƒ ;Ddsf] a'emfpg kg]{ sƒ ƒ ljleGg lgsfodf a'emfpg' kg]{ ljjƒ0f @)&$ kf}if ;Dd a'emfPdf ljjƒ0f gj'emfP afkt nfUg] ;j} sƒ÷z'Ns÷hlƒjfgf Psk6ssf] nflu ldgfxf x'g' kg]{„

&=!* e"sDk ƒ ;Ldf gfsfdf ePsf] cfk"lt{sf] sfƒ0faf6 c;xh klƒl‚yltsf sfƒ0f s[lif, pBf]u, Joj;fo, hn ljB't tyf ko{6g nufot cy{tGqsf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf kƒ]sf] k|lts"n c;ƒnfO{ Go"gLsƒ0f uƒL oL If]qx¿sf] k'g?Tyfg ug{sf nflu oL If]qx¿sf] Jofh ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{ ƒ k'gshf{ ;'ljwf pknAw uƒfpg g]kfn ƒfi6« a}+s dfkm{t


;~rfng x'g] uƒL ;x'lnotk"0f{ Aofhbƒdf shf{ pknAw uƒfpg ‚yflkt pSt sf]ifsf k|fjwfgx¿sf] afƒ]df lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{df k|rfƒ–k|;fƒsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ug{

l;kmflƒ; ug]{„

&=!(= k/Dk/fut k]zfdf cfwfl/t pBf]usf] ;+/If0fM kƒDkƒfut l;k ƒ k|ljlwdf cfwflƒt tyf g]kfnL snf ;+‚s[lt emNsg] uƒL cGtƒf{li6«o

‚tƒdf ;d]t Voflt k|fKt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ ;+j4{gsf nflu ;+efjgf ePsf If]qx¿df o‚tf j‚t'x¿sf] pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg ug]{ ;fgf ;fgf pBd u|fdx¿sf] ‚yfkgf ulƒg' kg]{„ h‚tf] g]kfnL v's'ƒL, 6f]kL, g]kfnL afhf, x‚tsnfsf ;fdfgx¿ cflb„ o;ƒL pBd u|fdsf] ?kdf lglZrt ‚yfgdf k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f, k|ljlwdf ;xof]u ƒ ;ƒn ljQLo kx'rsf] Joj‚yf ;ƒsfƒn] ug{'kg]{ b]lvG5„

&=@) vf; ;d"xsf] k]zfsf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gM s'g} vf; ;d'x tyf ju{n] kƒDkƒf b]lv ub}{ cfPsf vf; lsl;dsf k]zfx¿ nf]k x'g

nfu]sf] cj‚yf 5„ o‚tf k]z ƒ If]qnfO{ hf]ufpg PsLs[t ?kdf vf; If]q ƒ vf; ;d'bfo÷ju{df s]lGb|t eO{ k|ljlw ;xof]u, jLp k'FhLsf] (Seed Money), pknAwtf ƒ ;‚tf] Aofhbƒdf C0f pknAw uƒfpg'kg]{ b]lvG5„

&=@! pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf ul/g'kg]{ k|r'ƒ ;+efjgf ePsf] cNnf], nf]Stf, af;, l;‚gf], s]ƒf h‚tf k|fs[lts ƒ]zf nufot

x‚tsnf, 5fnf, ;]ƒfldS;, hl8a'6L h‚tf j‚t'sf] pko'Qm ‚yfgdf pTkfbg tyf k|zf]wg s]Gb|sf ?kdf ‚yfkgf uƒL k|ljlw ;xof]u, ;‚tf] shf{ k|jfxsf] Joj‚yf ug{'kg]{„

&=@@ lghLIf]qsf] ;xsfo{df One Village One Product sf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ul/g'kg{] .

*= lgZsif{ ‚yfgLo ‚tƒdf g} k|r'ƒ dfqfdf pknAw x'g] sRrf kbfy{af6 ‚yfgLo >dsf] pkof]u uƒL ;ƒn k|ljlwaf6 yf]ƒ} k"FhLaf6 z'? ug{ ;lsg] ƒ k|ltkmn l56f] k|fKtx'g] ;fy} 7"nf pBf]usf] t'ngfdf hf]lvd sd ePsf sfƒ0f klg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df n3', 3ƒ]n' ƒ ;fgf pBf]usf] dxÎj ƒx]sf] 5„ s'n ufx{‚y pTkfbgdf slƒj ^ k|ltzt of]ubfg ƒx]sf] pBf]u If]qdf] slƒj ()Ü of]ubfg lbg] ;fgf pBdL ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„ ;fgf] klƒ0ffddf pTkfbg x'g', u'0f‚tƒsf] sdL (Grading, Packaging, Testing, Labelling, Certification cflb_ ahfƒLsƒ0fsf] cefj,

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;ƒn ljlQo kx'rsf] cefj, gljg k|ljlwsf] k|of]u x'g g;Sg' cflb o; If]qdf b]lvPsf ;d‚ofx¿ x'g†„ log} ;d‚ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg uƒL n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ k|j4{gdf ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy gLlt, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6sf] Joj‚yf ug{ ;lsPdf ‚yfgLo cy{tGqdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg ulƒƒx]sf o‚tf pBf]u÷Joj;fon] ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf ;d]t pNn]vgLo ?kdf of]ubfg lbg;Sg] b]lvG5.

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L • cfly{s ;j{]If0f, cf=j= @)&#÷)&$, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ cy{ dGqfno„

• cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&#„

• ulƒjL lgjfƒ0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd % jif{ ƒ0fgLlts of]hgf–@)&), g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ pBf]u dGqfno„

• 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u k|j4{g ;DaGwL cWoog sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg–@)&@„

• 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dxf;+3af6 k|fKt tYofÍ

• 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu ƒ 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldltsf] k|ult ;ldIff„

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg„

• ah]6 jStJo cf=j= @)&$÷)&%, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ cy{ dGqfno„

• n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt tYofÍ


ljZj Aofkf/ k|0ffnL / g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ ;++lIfKt ljZn]if0f

tf]of gf/fo-f !jfnL;x–;lrj, jfl-fHo dGqfno

ljZj Jofkf/ k|0ffNfL Jofkfƒ eGgfn] ;fdfGotof j‚t' Jofkfƒ, ;]jf Jofkfƒ ƒ af}l4s ;DklQ ;DjGwL JofkfƒnfO{ hgfpF5„ Jofkfƒsf] k|s[lt, k|j[lQ, l;4fGt ƒ ljz]iftfdf ljZjJofkLsƒ0f, pbfƒLsƒ0f ƒ lghLsƒ0fn] ubf{ lgs} klƒjt{g ƒ klƒis[ttf cfPsf] kfOG5„ l4tLo ljZjo'4 kZrft cGtƒf{li6«o ;+u7gx¿sf] ‚yfkgf;Fu} ljZjJofkL ?kdf j‚t' JofkfƒnfO{ lgodg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g† !($& df eG;fƒ ƒ Jofkfƒ ;DjGwL ;fdfGo ;Demf}tf ulƒof]„ ;g† !((% df ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gsf] ‚yfkgf kZrft ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffnLdf ;]jf Jofkfƒ ƒ af}l4s ;DklQ ;DjGwL ;Demf}tf nufotsf cGo ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf cfP„ ;fdfGotof cGtƒf{li6«o ;Ldfkfƒ uƒ]ƒ ulƒg] lsga]r jf sfƒf]jfƒnfO{ cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒsf] ?kdf lnOG5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;g† !(%) ;Dd cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒ d'VotM efƒt tyf rLg -ltAjt_ ;Fu dfq ;Lldt ƒx]sf]df kl5Nnf] tYofÍ cg';fƒ g]kfnsf] slƒa !#^ eGbf a9L d'n's÷‚jtGq eG;fƒ If]qx¿df lgof{t x'g] uƒ]sf] 5 eg] !&^ eGbf a9L d'n's ‚jtGq eG;fƒ If]qaf6 cfoft x'g] uƒ]sf] 5„

ljZjsf] s"n ufx{‚Yf pTkfbgdf Aofkfƒ If]qsf] of]ubfg ;g† !(^% df @$ k|ltzt ƒx]sf]df ;g† @)!% df %* k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5„ g]kfndf ;g† !(^% df Jofkfƒ If]qsf] of]ubfg @! k|ltzt ƒx]sf]df ;g† @)!% df %# k|ltztdf k'u]sf] 5„ o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] ljZjJofkLsƒ0f, cfly{s pbfƒLsƒ0f ƒ v'nf ahfƒsf] dfGotf;Fu} ljZjJofkL?kdf Jofkfƒsf] If]qdf j[l4 ƒ ljsf; ;d]t tLj|?kdf eOƒx]sf] 5„ vf;uƒL j‚t', ;]jf, k"FhL, >d ƒ k|ljlw ljZjJofkL x'g] jf ljZjJofkL km}ng] qmddf j‚t' Aofkfƒ ƒ ;]jf Jofkfƒsf] lx‚;f cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒdf a9†b} uPsf] 5„ t'ngfTds nfe ƒ k|lt‚kwL{ Ifdtfsf ;fy} Jofkfƒ;DaGwL cGo l;4fGtsf sfƒ0fn] j‚t' ƒ ;]jfnfO{ ljZjJofkL agfpg pTk|]ƒssf] sfd cfw'lgsLsƒ0f, ljljlwsƒ0f,

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ljlzli6sƒ0f, pGGft oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] ljsf; ƒ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] tLj| ljsf;n] ulƒƒx]sf 5g†„ cGtƒf{li6«o Aofkfƒsf] If]q ƒ ultlzntf ;d]t lbgfg'lbg al9ƒx]sf] 5„

;dsfnLg ljZjdf JofkfƒnfO{ ljsf;sf] OlGhgsf] ?kdf ;d]t cf}FNofpg] uƒ]sf] kfOG5„ b]zx¿ ljsl;t, ljsf;zLn ƒ clt sd ljsl;t x'g'df cGo ljifosf cltlƒQm Tof] b]zsf] cGtƒf{li6«o Aofkfƒsf] ‚tƒn] klg lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]n]sf] kfOG5„ clt sd ljsl;t ƒ e"klƒj]li7t d'n'sx¿df JofkfƒhGo Ifdtf ;fdfGotof sdhf]ƒ kfOG5„ ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffnLdf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'sx¿sf] j‚t' Jofkfƒdf lx‚;f slƒj !=@$ k|ltzt x'g'n] ;d]t of] ljifonfO{ ‚ki6 ub{5„ h'g;'s} d'n'ssf] cGtƒf{li6«o JofkfƒnfO{ ax'kIfLo, If]qLo ƒ låkIfLo Jofkfƒ ;DaGwL ;GwL ƒ k|fjwfgx¿n] ‚ki6 lgb]{lzt Pj k|efljt ug{] uƒ]sf] kfO{G5„

ljZj Jofkf/ k|0ffnLdf g]kfnsf] cfa4tfg]kfnn] ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffnLdf ljlwjt ?kdf cfa4 x'g] p2]Zon] tTsfnLg Uof6sf] ;b‚otfsf] nflu ;g† !(*( df lgj]bg lbPsf]df slƒj !$ jif{sf] kvf{O ƒ ;Demf}tf jftf{af6 ;g† @))$ df ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gsf] ;b‚otf k|fKt eof]„ g]kfn ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gdf jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;f] ;+u7gsf] ;b‚o aGg] klxnf] cltsd ljsl;t d'n's ;d]t xf]„ ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gsf] !$& cf}+ ;b‚osf] ?kdf ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gdf k|j]z kZrft† g]kfnn] cfˆgf Jofkfƒ;Fu ;DalGwt gLltut ƒ sfg"gL Joj‚yfnfO{ ;f] ;+u7gsf ;Demf}tfx¿;Fu ;fd~h‚otf sfod ƒfVb}} kfƒbzL{ ƒ cg'dfgof]Uo agfpFb} cfPsf] 5„ ;g† @))$ d} g]kfn ;fk†m6f ƒ lad‚6]s h‚tf If]qLo Jofkfƒ ;~hfndf ;d]t cfa4 ePsf] xf]„ o;}uƒL csf{] If]qLo Jofkfƒ ;+ƒrgf cfkm†6fdf g]kfn ko{j]Ifs ;b‚o ƒxFb} cfPsf] 5„

ax'kIfLo, If]qLo ƒ låkIfLo Jofkfƒ ;Demf}tfx¿df cfa4tf;Fu} g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkfƒsf If]qdf gofF gofF cj;ƒsf ;fy} gjLg vfnsf r'gf}tLx¿ ;d]t l;h{gf ePsf 5g†„ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ƒ gj cGj]if0fsf ;fy} oftfoft ƒ ;"rgfsf] If]qdf ePsf] pNn]vgLo k|ultn] Jofkfƒ ƒ Jofkfƒsf sltko dfGotfdf ;d]t klƒjt{g NofO{lbPsf] 5„ ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffNfLsf gsfƒfTds k|efj sdhf]ƒ cy{tGq ePsf d'n""s ƒ ;dfhdf kl5 ƒx]sf ju{ ;d"bfonfO{ t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L ƒx]sf] kfOG5, tfklg cfhsf] ljZjdf Jofkfƒsf ;sfƒfTds ƒ gsfƒfTds k|efjaf6 s'g} klg b]z ‚jtGq ƒxg ;Sg] cj‚yf eg] 5}g „


ax'kIfLo, If]qLo ƒ låkIfLo Jofkfƒ ;~hfnaf6 l;lh{t nfex¿nfO{ d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu pkof]u ug{] Pj+ r'gf}tLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ tyf g]kfn Jofkfƒ PsLs[t ƒ0fgLlt, @)&# sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ t'ngfTds Pj+ k|lt‚kwf{Tds nfesf If]qx¿ klxrfg uƒL ;f]sf] k|j4{gsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ulƒPsf] 5„ lgof{t k|j4{g ƒ cfoft Joj‚yfkg ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfnn] cfGtlƒs ƒ afXo ;|f]tsf] klƒrfng uƒL j‚t' ljsf;, lgof{t k|j4{g, JofkfƒhGo Ifdtf ljsf;, Jofkfƒ ;xhLsƒ0f ƒ JofkfƒhGo k"jf{wfƒ ljsf;sf ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ulƒ cfPsf] 5„ oL k|of;x¿sf] afah'b g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkfƒ vf;uƒL j‚t' Jofkfƒsf] l‚ylt ;Gtf]ifk|b eg] b]lvFb}g„ lgof{tsf] t'ngfdf cfoft pRr bƒn] j[l4 x'g', Jofkfƒ 3f6f jif{]gL 7"nf] klƒdf0fdf a9†b} hfg' ƒ cfoft lgof{tsf] cg'kft lbgfg'lbg kmƒflsnf] x'Fb} hfg'n] d'n'ssf] j}b]lzs Jofkfƒsf] l‚ylt r'gf}tLk"0f{ aGb} uO{ƒx]sf] 5„

sdhf]ƒ Joj;fohGo cj‚yf, nufgLsf] Go"gtf, cfk"lt{hGo Ifdtfsf] sdL, pmhf{hGo r'gf}lt, pRr pTkfbg nfut, sdhf]ƒ AofkfƒhGo k'jf{wfƒ, k6s k6s eO{ƒxg] AfGb ƒ ut jif{sf] e"sDkn] g]kfnsf] j}b]lzs Jofkfƒ emg† hl6n df]8af6 u'lh|Fb} uPsf] 5„ cfofltt j‚t'sf] ut cflYf{s aif{ @)&@÷@)&# sf] k|j[ltsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ s'n Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] of]ubfg @@ k|ltzt, pmhf{hGo j‚t'sf] of]ubfg !! k|ltzt, ljnfl;tf ƒ cg'Tkfbs j‚t'sf] of]ubfg % k|ltzt ƒ pTkfbgd"ns jf cf}Bf}lus j‚t'sf] of]ubfg ^@ k|ltzt b]lvG5„ ;g† @)@@ leq b]znfO{ clt sd ljsl;taf6 ljsf;l;n b]zdf ?kfGtƒ0f ug{] 3f]lift p2]ZonfO{ k"ƒf ug{ ƒ ;g† @)#) ;Dd k'ƒf ug]{ uƒL NofO{Psf] ljZjJofkL lbuf] ljsf;sf NfIox¿nfO{ k'ƒf ug{ Jofkfƒ o‚tf] dfWod xf] h;n] cltsd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] cy{tGqnfO{ ljZj cy{tGq;Fu PsLsƒ0f uƒL cfo, ƒf]hufƒL ƒ cfly{s j[l4df dxÎjk"0f{?kdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;S5„

g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ / Jofkf/ ;Da4 d'Vo r'gf}tLx¿ ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffnLdf pGgt ;"rgf k|ljlw, oftfoftsf] cfw'lgsLsƒ0f, ;+rfƒsf] lj‚tfƒ, >dsf] ljljlwsƒ0f, k"hL, nufgL h‚tf xƒ]s If]q ƒ kIfn] gjLg ;d‚of ƒ r'gf}ltx¿ b]vf klƒƒx]sf 5g†„ g]kfndf Jofkfƒsf] If]qdf lgof{t k|j4{g uƒL Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug{, ;]jf Jofkfƒ k|j4{g ug{sf ;fy} Jofkfƒsf] If]qdf cfPsf gjLg r'gf}tLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ tofƒ ulƒPsf] jfl0fHo gLlt, @)&@ sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5„ gLltsf] k|efjsfƒL sfof{Gjog, ;|f]tsf] Joj‚yfkg ƒ ƒ0fg}lts lx;fan] sfo{ cl3 a9fpg g]kfn Jofkfƒ PsLs[t ƒ0fgLlt, @)&# ‚jLs[t eO{ sfof{Gjogsf] rƒ0fdf 5„ ƒ0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogn] g]kfnsf] t'ngfTds

��pBf]u / ljsf;

ƒ k|lt‚kwf{Tds nfe ePsf j‚t' ƒ ;]jfsf] k|j4{gdf dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5„

g]kfn ax'kIfLo ƒ If]qLo Jofkfƒ ;+u7gsf] ;b‚o ePsf] gftfn] tL ;+u7gaf6 k|fKt x'g] cj;ƒsf] pkof]usf nflu sfo{of]hgf agfO{ sfo{ ulƒƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ vf;uƒL ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gsf] ;b‚otfaf6 g]kfnsf] cGtƒf{li6«o ahfƒdf kx'Fr, Jofkfƒ;DaGwL gLltut Joj‚yfdf Ps?ktf, kfƒblz{tf ƒ lgodgdf dxÎjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5„ ljZjAofkLsƒ0fsf ;fy} ax'kIfLo ƒ If]qLo ;+u7gaf6 k|fKt x'g] cj;ƒnfO{ k"0f{?kdf pkof]u ug{ g;Sg'df b]zsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg a9†g g;Sg', s[lifdf Jofj;foLsƒ0f x'g g;Sg', pTkfbg nfut a9L x'g' ƒ pmhf{sf] pTkfbg ck]lIft ?kdf a9†g g;Sg' d'Vo r'gf}tLsf ?kdf ƒx]sf 5g†„

g]kfnsf] Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ pmhf{ If]qdf !! k|ltzt, s[lifhGo j‚t'df @@ k|ltzt ƒ ljnfl;tfsf j‚t'df % k|ltzt uƒL #* k|ltzt Jofkfƒ 3f6f tLgj6f If]qn] dfq lnPsf] b]lvG5 eg] cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0f ƒ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] x|f; ƒ cGo pkof]usf ;fdfgn] afFsL Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] c+z lnPsf 5g†„ g]kfn s[lifk|wfg d'n's x'Fbfx'Fb} klg ut cfly{s jif{df rfdn, vfg] t]n, tƒsfƒL ƒ ds} uƒL $ j6f s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] cfoft dfq &) ca{eGbf a9L k'u]sf] b]lvG5„ ljZjJofkLsƒ0fsf nfex¿nfO{ pkof]u ug{ ƒ Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug{ d'Vo ?kdf pmhf{sf] pTkfbg j[l4, s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] pTkfbg j[l4 ƒ cf}Bf]lus j‚t'x¿sf] k|lt‚kwL{ Ifdtf j[l4 ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„ g]kfnsf] Jofkfƒ 3f6f pRr x'g'df cGtƒf{li6«o sfƒ0feGbf xfd|f cfˆg} cfGtlƒs sfƒ0fx¿ d'Vo ?kdf lhDd]jfƒ ƒx]sf] kfOG5„

jfl0fHo dGqfnon] lgof{t k|j4{g ƒ cfoftnfO{ Joj‚yfkg ug{ ;fy} Jofkfƒsf] If]qdf ;dGjo ƒ ;xhLsƒ0f ug{ pRr k|fyldstfsf ;fy ;dGjofTds lsl;dn] sfd ulƒƒx]sf] 5„ ;fy} Board of Trade sf] a}7s lgoldt ?kdf a;L Jofkfƒsf d'2fx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ ulƒPsf] 5„ o;}uƒL Jofkfƒ tyf lgsf;L k|j4{g s]Gb|dfkm{t pRr lgof{t ;Defjgfo'Qm j‚t'x¿sf] j‚t' ljsf; ƒ d"No ;[+vnf clea[l2sf sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ulƒPsf 5g†„ j‚t' ljsf;sf nflu hl8a'6L, cb'jf, klZdgf, skmL nufotsf j‚t' s]lGb|t klƒof]hgf tofƒ uƒL dGqfnoaf6 ;~rfng eOƒx]sf 5g† eg] ljleGg j‚t's]lGb|t lgof{t ƒ0fgLlt ;d]t dGqfnon] tofƒ uƒ]sf] 5„

lgof{t k|j4{g ƒ pRRf ?kdf cfoft ePsf s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] Joj‚yfkgsf nflu o; aif{ b]lv k|wfgdGqL s[lif cfw'lglssƒ0f klƒof]hgf ;d]t ;+rfngdf NofO{Psf] 5„ s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj a9fpg] ;fy} pTkfbg ƒ k|zf]wgsf] k|s[ofnfO{ cfw'lgsLsƒ0f

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

ug]{ p2]Zoaf6 of] klƒof]hgfdf pNn]Vo ah]6sf ;fy sfo{qmd cl3 a9fO{Psf] 5„ o;}ulƒ phf{sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ah]6 Pjd† gLlt sfo{qmddf ljz]if k|fyldstfsf ;fy sfo{qmdx¿ k|‚tfj ulƒPsf] 5„ oL ƒ o‚tf sfo{qmd ƒ klƒof]hgfsf] ;+rfngaf6 j‚t'sf] k|lt‚kwL{ Ifdtf a9†g], pTkfbg nfut sd x'g], d"Noclej[l4 a9L dfqfdf x'g] ƒ ahfƒ kxF'rdf j[l4 x'Fb} hfg] ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5„

g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] k|a[lQ rfn' cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷@)&$ sf] P3fƒ dlxgfsf] cjlwdf g]kfnsf] lgof{t slƒa ̂ * ca{ ƒ cfoft *(# ca{ x'g u} s"n g]kfnsf] cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒ (^) ca{ k'u]sf] 5„ s"n cfoft *(# ca{df ^* ca{ lgof{t 36fpbf Jofkfƒ 3f6f j‚t' Jofkfƒ tkm{sf] *@% ca{ x'g cfp5„ o;ƒL lgof{t cfoft cg'kft of] jif{ !M!# k'u]sf] cj‚yf 5„

rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] !! dlxgfsf] cjlwdf lgo{ft ePsf k|d'v j‚t'x¿df pgL un}rf, ufd]{G6, cn}rL, lrof, cb'jf, hl8a'6L, km]N6, 5fnf ƒ h'Qf, xft] sfuh, x‚tsnfsf ;fdfg, kl‚dgf ƒ kmnfd nufot 5g† eg] d'Vo ?kdf cfoft ePsf ;fdfgdf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, uf8L ƒ ;f]sf kf6{k"hf{, b"ƒ;~rfƒsf ;fdfg, cGg, dn, kmnfd, cf}ifwL ƒ ;"g nufotsf j‚t'x¿ k|d'v ?kdf ƒx]sf 5g† .

g]kfnaf6 d'Vo ?kdf lgof{t x'g] b]zx¿df efƒt, cd]l{ƒsf, 6sL{, hd{gL, j]nfot, rLg, k|mfG;, O6nL, a+unfb]z, hfkfg, Sofg8f, ci6«]lnof, g]bƒNof08 ƒ leotgfd nufotsf b]zx¿ ƒx]sf 5g† eg] cfoft x'g] d'Vo b]zx¿df efƒt, rLg, ;+o'Qm cƒa Oldƒ]6†z, k|mfG;, O08f]g]l;of, ch]{lG6gf, yfONof08, blIf0f sf]lƒof, ;+o'Qm ƒfHo cd]ƒLsf, ;pbL cƒa, Sofg8f, dn]l;of, leotgfd ƒ o'qm]g nufotsf b]zx¿ ƒx]sf 5g†„

;+ƒrgfut ?kdf x]bf{ rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd !! dlxgfdf efƒttkm{ slƒa #( ca{sf] lgof{t e} s"n lgof{tdf lx‚;f %* k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5 eg] cfoft %*% cƒa x'g u} s"n cfoftdf lx‚;f slƒa ^% k|ltzt ƒx]s]f 5„ efƒttkm{sf] lgof{t !) k|ltztn]] a9]sf] 5 eg] cfoft slƒa #% k|ltztn] a9]sf] cj‚yf 5„ o;}ulƒ rLg tk{msf] lgof{t ;f]lx calwdf ! cƒa %& sƒf]8 dfq ƒx]sf] 5 ƒ lgof{t j[l4 @ k|ltzt dfq ƒx]sf] 5 eg] cfoft !!^ ca{ e} s"n cfoftdf rLgsf] lx‚;f !# k|ltzt ƒ cfoft j[l4 k|ltzt !) ƒx]sf] 5„ ;f]lx cjlwdf cGo b]ztkm{sf] s"n lgof{t slƒa @^ cƒj ƒ lgof{t j[l4 #( k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5„ o;}uƒL cGo b]zsf] cfoft !(! cƒa ƒ j[l4 k|ltzt @! ƒx]sf] 5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

o;ƒL ;du|df efƒt;+usf] s"n Jofkfƒ ^@$ ca{ ƒ Jofkfƒsf] lx‚;f ^% k|ltzt ƒx]]sf] 5 eg] rLg;+usf] s"n Jofkfƒ !!* ca{ ƒ s"n Jofkfƒdf lx‚;f slƒa !@ k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5„ efƒt ƒ rLg afx]s cGo b]z ;+usf] s"n Jofkfƒ @!* cƒa ƒ s"n Jofkfƒdf lx‚;f @@ k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5„ o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] efƒt ƒ rLg ;+udfq &$* ca{ ƒ s"n Jofkfƒsf] && k|ltzt lx‚;f ƒx]sf] b]lvG5 ;fy} Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t oL b'O{ b]z;+usf] Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug'{ d'Vo r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] 5„ o; ;Gbe{df a‚t' Jofkfƒ tkm{sf] Jofkfƒ 3f6f lgƒGtƒ a9†b} hfg'sf k|d'v sfƒ0fx¿nfO{ ;+If]kdf b]xfocg';fƒ pNn]v ulƒPsf] 5„

a:t' Jofkf/ tkm{sf] 3f6fdf d'Vo cfGtl/s sf/0fx¿ != cfoftdf cfwflƒt cy{tGqnfO{ pTkfbg ƒ lgof{td'lv cy{tGqdf ?kfGtƒ0f uƒL

Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug{ pBf]u If]qsf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf ƒxG5„ of] If]qn] ‚yfgLo ;|f]t ƒ ;fwgsf] pkof]uaf6 j‚t' ƒ ;]jfsf] pTkfbgdf dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Nb5„ g]kfndf pBf]u ƒ cf}Bf]lus jftfjƒ0fsf] sfƒ0fn] pTkfbg ƒ lgof{t a9g g;Sbf cfoft al9ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„

@= Go"g ufx{‚Yo jrtsf sfƒ0f k"FhL lgdf{0fdf b]lvPsf] ckof{Kttf k"lt{ ulƒ pTkfbg a9fpg a}b]lzs nufgLsf] dxÎjk"0f{ ‚yfg ƒxG5„ j‚t' ƒ ;]jfsf] pTkfbg k|s[ofdf dfu adf]lhdsf] a}b]lzs nufgL x'g g;Sg' Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] d'Vo sfƒ0f xf]„ ljutdf j‚t' pTkfbgsf] ;Gbe{df k|of]u ePsf]] nufgL ;d]t ;]jf Jofkfƒ tkm{ cfslif{t x'g'n] j‚t' Jofkfƒ tkm{sf] 3f6fNffO{ a9fO{ƒx]sf] 5„

#= s[lif ƒ pBf]usf] If]qdf sfd ulƒƒx]sf dflg;x¿ j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒLdf hfg] k|j[lQn] ;d]t Jofkfƒ 3f6f a9g] ;Gbe{df sfd ulƒƒx]sf] 5„ ‚jb]zdf pTkfbgzLn If]qdf sfd ug]{ hgzlQm j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒLdf hfg] qmdn] pTkfbgdf uDeLƒ c;ƒ klƒƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ ut jif{ dfq slƒa ^ nfv #) xhfƒ dflg; j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒLdf uPsf] cj‚yf 5 Tof] >dzlQm d'Vo?kdf s[lif ƒ pTkfbgzLn If]qdf sfo{ƒt hgzlQm xf]„

$= Jofkfƒ 3f6f a9†g'df pmhf{sf] e"ldsf lg0ff{os b]lvG5„ o;sf] k|ToIf ƒ ck|ToIf uƒL b'O{ k|sfƒsf] k|efj ƒ c;ƒ b]lvG5„ k|ToIfdf vf;uƒL nf]8;]l88sf] ljsNkdf k|of]u x'g] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{, Aof6«L nufotsf j‚t'sf] cfoftsf] lx‚;f s'n Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf utjif{sf] c+sdf slƒa !! k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5„ ljB't†sf] eƒkbf]{ Joj‚yf gx'Fbf pBf]usf] k|lt‚kw{L{ Ifdtf 36†b} uPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTjdf ;d]t uDeLƒ c;ƒ klƒ pTkfbg nfut ;d]t a9]sf] cj‚yf 5„


%= g]kfnsf] lgof{tsf] d'Vo cfwfƒsf ¿kdf ƒx]sf] s[lif ƒ pBf]usf] cj‚yf sdhf]ƒ ƒx]sf] 5„ vf;uƒL lgof{tof]Uo pBf]usf] 36†g] qmd ƒ s[lifdf Jofj;foLsƒ0fsf] sdLn] lgof{t k|efljt ePsf] cj‚yf 5„ o;}uƒL s'n Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] of]ubfg @@ k|ltzt ePaf6 s[lifhGo j‚t'sf] pTkfbg ƒ k|lt‚kwL{ Ifdtfsf] cfsng ug{ ;lsG5„

^= dfu eGbf pTkfbg sd x'g' ƒ sltko j‚t' pTkfbg g} gx'g' klg Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] csf]{ d'Vo ljifo xf]„ d'n'sdf ljut s]xL jif{b]lv nufgL ƒ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] cj‚yf sdhf]ƒ ƒx]sf] sfƒ0fn] b}lgs pTkfbgsf ;fdfgx¿sf] cfoft a9†bf] 5„

&= g]kfnsf] lgof{t s]xL kƒDkƒfut j‚t'x¿df ƒ s]xL b]zx¿df dfq ;Lldt x'g' ƒ lgof{t x'g] j‚t'df ;d]t s]xL j‚t'df afx]s d"No clej[l4 Go"g x'g'n] lgof{t Jofkfƒaf6 clwstd nfe lng g;lsƒx]sf] l‚ylt 5„

*= lgof{tof]Uo j‚t'x¿;d]t cfofltt sRrfkbfy{df lge{ƒ ƒx]sf]n] lgof{taf6 ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf cy{k"0f{ ;xof]u k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g„ pbfxƒ0fsf nflu kmnfd tyf ‚6LnhGo pTkfbgnfO{ lng ;lsG5„

(= gofF ƒ a9L d"No clej[l4 x'g] j‚t'sf] vf]hL, ljsf; ƒ ahfƒLsƒ0fdf cg';Gwfg ƒ ;f]sf] sfo{qmd ;dGjok"0f{ tlƒsfn] ug{ g;lsPsf] cj‚yfn] ;d]t lgof{t k|efljt ePsf] cj‚yf 5„

!)= lgof{t ulƒg] j‚t'sf] u'0f‚tƒ, u'0f‚tƒ k|dfl0fsƒ0f (Certification) tyf k|of]uzfnf kƒLIf0f ;'ljwf ;DaGwL ljifox¿ sdhf]ƒ ƒx]sf] cj‚yfn] vf;uƒL t];|f] d'n'ssf] lgof{tdf o;n] uDeLƒ c;ƒ kfƒ]sf] 5„ g]kfnn] lgof{t ug]{ a‚t' *(& ƒ cfoft ug]{ a‚t'sf] ;+Vof slƒj $)^^ ePaf6 ;d]t xfd|f] k|lt‚klw{ Ifdtfsf] cfsng ug{ ;lsG5„

!!= kfƒjxghGo ƒ ;+ƒrgfut sl7gfOsf sfƒ0fn] lgof{thGo j‚t'sf] sfƒf]jfƒ nfut pRr e} g]kfnL j‚t'x¿ k|lt‚kwL{ x'g g;Sbf g]kfnn] cltsd ljsl;t d'nssf] x}l;otn] k|fKt ;'ljwf ;d]t k"0f{ ?kdf pkof]u ug{ g;lsPsf] cj‚yf 5„

!@= ;'g, rfFbL, dlbƒf, r'ƒf]6h‚tf cg'Tkfbs j‚t'sf] cfoft lgƒGtƒ ?kdf al9ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ s'n Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf o‚tf j‚t'sf] of]ubfg slƒj % k|ltzt ƒx]sf] 5„ o;}uƒL a9†bf] ljk|]if0f cfosf sfƒ0f ljb]zL ;fdfgsf] pkof]u ƒ pkef]u ug{] k|j[lQ ;d]t pNn]Vo ?kdf a9]sf] cj‚yfn] Aofkfƒ 3f6fnfO{ yk ;xof]u k'u]sf] 5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

!#= g]kfndf cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0f ƒ ahfƒLsƒ0fsf] sfo{df dxÎjk"0f{ ?kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ‚yfkgf ulƒPsf ;fj{hlgs ;+‚yfgsf] sdhf]ƒ Ifdtfsf sfƒ0f pTkfbg ƒ ahfƒLsƒ0fdf ck]lIft ;'wfƒ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g„

!$= g]kfnsf] t'ngfTds nfe ƒ k|lt‚kwL{ Ifdtf pRr ePsf cn}+rL, lrof, skmL, un}Frf, klZdgf cflb j‚t'sf] a|flG8ª uƒL cGtƒf{li6«o ahfƒdf laqmL ljtƒ0f ug{ g;lsg'n] lgof{taf6 k|fKt x'g] nfe ck]lIft ?kdf lng ;lsPsf] 5}g„

!%= lgof{tnfO{ nlIft uƒL Jofkfƒ k"jf{wfƒ;DaGwL ;+ƒrgfx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ g;lsg' ƒ ‚yfgLo pTkfbgnfO{ s]Gb| ƒ afXo ahfƒdf hf]8†g g;lsg'n] ;d]t ‚yfgLo pTkfbgn] ck]lIft pTk]|ƒ0ff k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg†„

a:t' Jofkf/ tkm{sf] 3f6fdf d'Vo afX\o sf/0fx¿ != ljZjAofkL ?kdf vf;uƒL clt sd ljsl;t b]zsf] nflu ulƒPsf a}b]lzs ;xof]u

ƒ Jofkfƒsf nflu ;xof]usf] k|lta4tfsf] t'ngfdf g]kfndf cfpg] Jofkfƒsf nflu ;xof]u lgs} Go"g ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„

@= cGtƒf{li6«o ahfƒdf gofF b]z ƒ gofF j‚t' k|lt‚kwL{ aGb} cfOƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ o;af6 ;flassf] g]kfnL lgof{thGo j‚t'sf] ‚yfgdf yk k|lt‚kwL{ aGg'kg]{ jf ahfƒ u'dfpg] cj‚yf 5„ o;sf] pbfxƒ0fsf] ?kdf g]kfnL ufd]{G6sf] 7fFpdf a+ufnfb]zsf] ufd]{G6nfO{ lng ;lsG5„

#= cfGtlƒs art Go"g ƒx]sf] cj‚yfdf j‚t' jf ;]jfsf] pTkfbgdf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] eƒ kg'{kg]{ x'G5„ nufgLstf{n] ahfƒ, >dsf] cj‚yf, pmhf{, sRRff kbfy{, zflGt ;'ƒIff ƒ cGo kof{jƒ0fLo (Ecological) kIfx¿sf] ;du| ljZn]if0fkZrft† nufgL ug]{ x'Fbf nufgL ck]lIft dfqfdf cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g„ o;af6 pTkfbg ƒ lgof{t k|efljt ePsf] cj‚yf 5„ g]kfndf cfpg] k|ToIf a}b]lzs nufgL s"n u|fx‚y pTkfbgsf] slƒj )=# k|ltzt eGbf sd ƒx]sf] 5„

$= kfƒjxgdf ƒx]sf] emGeml6nf] k|zf;lgs k|lqmof ƒ Aofkfƒ ;Dj4 Jofkfƒ k"jf{wfƒsf] sfƒ0fn] sRrf kbfy{sf] cfoft ƒ lgof{t ug]{ j‚t' b'j}sf] nfut a9†g] uƒ]sf] 5 o;af6 lgof{t k|efljt ePsf] 5 eg] a}slNks aGbƒufxx¿nfO{ k"0f{?kdf pkof]udf Nofpg afsL 5„

%= g]kfnsf k|d'v lgof{t ahfƒx¿ vf;uƒL o'ƒf]lkog o'lgog, ;+o'Qm ƒfHo cd]lƒsf tyf hfkfg nufotsf cGo g]kfnL j‚t'sf] lgof{t ug]{ b]zdf g]kfnL j‚t'sf] dfudf cfPsf] sdLn] ;d]t tL b]zdf lgof{t x'g] s]xL a‚t'df sdL cfPsf] 5„


^= cGtƒf{li6«o ahfƒdf eOƒx]sf] vfBfGg ƒ cGo cTofjZos j‚t'sf] d"Noj[l4n] g]kfnL pTkfbgsf] nfut pRr x'g k'u]sf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ cfoftsf] d"Nodf ;d]t a9f]QƒL ePsf] cj‚yf 5„

&= ljsl;t b]zsf] pRr Safƒ]G6fOg kƒLIf0fsf] ‚tƒdf g]kfnL lgof{thGo j‚t'x¿sf] k|df0fLsƒ0f x'g g;Sg'n] s]xL lgof{tof]Uo j‚t'sf] lgsf;Ldf ;d]t cjƒf]w cfPsf] 5„

*= cd]lƒsfaf6 ufd{]G6 cflb j‚t'df ljutdf kfO{ cfPsf] sf]6f (MFA) ƒ ;x'lnotk"0f{ ahfƒ kx'Fr ;'ljwfsf] s6f}tLn] vf;uƒL cd]lƒsfdf ufd]{G6sf] lgsf;Ldf pNn]Vo?kdf sdL cfPsf] 5„

(= o'ƒf]lkog o'lgogaf6 k|fKt Everything but Arms (EBA) ƒ Generalized System

of Preferences (GSP) nufotsf ;'ljwfsf] k|efjsfƒL] pkof]u ug{ g;lsPaf6 clt sd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] ?kdf k|fKt cj;ƒsf] k"0f{ pkof]u x'g ;s]sf] 5}g„

!)= g]kfnL j‚t'sf] lgof{tsf] nflu gofF ahfƒ ƒ gofF lgof{thGo j‚t'sf] klxrfg ƒ ljsf; x'g g;Sg'n] lgof{t kƒDkƒfut, cfofltt sRRff kbfy{df cfwflƒt ƒ Go"g d"No clej[l4o'Qm ePsf] 5„

!!= j‚t' Jofkfƒsf] t'ngfdf g]kfndf ;]jf Jofkfƒsf] t'ngfTds nfe a9L ePsf] ;Gbe{df ;]jf Aofkfƒdf ;d]t ljb]zL nufgL ck]lIft dfqfdf cfslif{t ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g„

lgisif{ljZjJofkfƒ k|0ffnL ;fˆ6f, lad‚6]s h‚tf ;+ƒrgfaf6 ;[lht cj;ƒx¿af6 g]kfn h‚tf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'sx¿n] ck]lIft ?kdf kmfObf lng ;s]sf 5}gg†„ ;dsfnLg ljZjdf ;dfj]zL ƒ sd ljsl;t b]zsf] kIfdf a9L of]ubfg ug]{ ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffnLsf] dfu e} ƒx]tfklg ljZj Jofkfƒdf clt sd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] lx‚;f j‚t' Jofkfƒdf slƒa !=@$ k|ltzt ƒ ;]jf Jofkfƒdf slƒj !=!* k|ltzt dfq ƒx]sf] 5„ j‚t' lgof{tdf cltsd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] lx‚;f !=!& k|ltzt ƒx]sf]df ;]jf lgof{tdf To;sf] cfwf dfq cyf{t† )=^* k|ltzt lx‚;f ƒx]sf] 5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df j‚t' cfoftdf lx‚;f )=)$ k|ltzt ƒ lgof{tdf )=))% ƒx]sf] 5„ csf{]tkm{ Jofkfƒ 3f6f lta|?kdf al9ƒx]sf] l‚ylt 5„ s]xL Pl;ofnL clt sd ljsl;t b]zn] >d k|wfg pBf]udf ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ulƒ tyf cfw'lgs JofkfƒhGo ;+ƒrgfx¿sf] ljsf; uƒL lgof{t Jofkfƒsf] j[l4dfkm{t pNn]Vo cfly{s nfe lnOƒx]sf] ;Gbe{df g]kfnn] ;d]t oL

��pBf]u / ljsf;

ljifox¿df Wofg s]lGb|t ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5„ o; k[i7e"lddf d'n'ssf] a9†bf] Jofkfƒ 3f6fnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{{ t'ngfTds nfe pRr ePsf s[lif, u}ƒ–s[lif tyf ;]jfhGo If]qdf nufgL s]lGb|t ub}{ Pjd† cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIffsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfO{ j}b]lzs nufgL ƒ k|ljlwnfO{ pRr dfqfdf cfslif{t ulƒ ljZj Jofkfƒ k|0ffNfLaf6 nfe lng' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf]„

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L cfly{s ;j]{If0f, @)&#.&$, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, cy{ dGqfno, l;+xbƒafƒ„

rf}wf} of]hgf, ƒfli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, l;+xbƒafƒ„

jfl0fHo gLlt @)&@, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, afl0fHo dGqfno, l;+xbƒafƒ„

Jofkfƒ ƒ ljsf; klqsfsf ljleGg c+sx¿, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, jfl0fHo dGqfno, l;+xbƒafƒ„

Globalization and it's Discontents, Joseph Stiglitz, 2002

Making Globalization Work, 2007, Joseph Stiglitz

Understanding the WTO, World Trade Organization, Information and External Relations Division, Geneva.

www.wto.org


;+3Lotfdf pBf]u ;DaGwL ljBdfg gLlt / cfufdL sfo{lbzf

bfdf]b/ /]UdL, ;x ;lrj k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no

g]kfnL hgtfn] klxnf] k6s cfkm}n] lgjf{l{rt uƒ]sf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf k|ltlglwaf6 lgdf{0f ulƒPsf] g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ ;fn c;f]h # ut]b]lv nfu" ePsf] 5„ g]kfn ;+3Lo, ;dfj]zL, nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ƒfHodf ?kfGtlƒt ePsf] 5„ nfdf] ;dosf] s]Gb|Ls[t ƒfHo ;ƒrgfsf] ;§fdf hgtfsf] lgs6td b"ƒLdf ;ƒsfƒsf] pkl‚yltsf] cg'ej ug]{ ƒ ‚yfgLo ljsf;sf k|of;x¿nfO{ tLj|tf lbg] p2]Zo ‚j?k b]zn] ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL cjnDag uƒ]sf] xf]„ o;} dg;fosf ;fy ;ljwfgn] ƒfHosf tLg tx ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txdf clwsfƒx¿sf] ljlgof]hg uƒ]sf] 5„ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+ƒrgf ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo tx uƒL tLg txsf] x'g] tyf ƒfHozlQmsf] k|of]u tLg} txn] ;+ljwfg ƒ sfg"g adf]lhd ug]{ Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5. ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf Psn clwsfƒx¿ ;+ljwfgsf] qmdzM cg';"rL %, ̂ ƒ * df ƒ ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLotxsf ;femf clwsfƒnfO{ cg';"rL & ƒ ( df ;dfj]z ulƒPsf] 5. ;+ljwfgdf plNnlvt clwsfƒ;"rLsf] ljjƒ0f cg';"rL – ! df pNn]v ulƒPsf] 5. ;+ljwfgn] ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] cGtƒ ;DaGw ;xsflƒtf, ;xcl‚tTj ƒ ;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwflƒt x'g] Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5.

pBf]u If]q cfly{s ljsf;sf] ;Djfxs xf]„ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf, j‚t' ƒ ;]jfsf] d"No clej[l4, cfjZos j‚t' tyf ;]jfsf] pknAwtf ug{ ;xof]u k'of{pF5„ ;fj{hlgs, lghL ƒ ;xsfƒL If]qsf] ;xeflutfåfƒf lbuf] Pjd† a[xt† cfwfƒ;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;dfkm{t ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf uƒL ulƒaL Go"gLsƒ0f ug{df pBf]u If]qsf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf ƒxG5„ cf}Bf]lus nufgLn] pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj j[l4, ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf, ‚yfgLo ;|f]t;fwg ƒ k|ljlwsf] pkof]u, cfoft k|lt‚yfkg tyf lgof{t k|j4g{df of]ubfg ub{5„ To‚t} lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLk|lt cfslif{t t'NofpFb} ƒ j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ gjLgtd k|ljlwsf ;fy leq†of{pFb} d'n'ssf] pRr, lbuf] ƒ kmƒflsnf] cfly{s j[l4bƒ xfl;n ug{ dxÎjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] ub{5„ jf‚tjdf ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg If]qsf] e"ldsf dxÎjk"0f{ ƒx]sf] x'G5 To;df klg cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] e"ldsf clt g} dxÎjk"0f{ ƒx]sf] x'G5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

k|efjsfƒL ƒ ;'ne ;]jf k|jfx ;+3Lotfsf] d"n cfbz{ xf]„ o;y{ s]Gb| ƒ k|b]z gLlt lgdf{0f, ;dGjo ƒ ;xhLsƒ0fdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{5 eg] ‚yfgLo tx ;]jf k|jfxsf ;Ifd OsfOsf ?kdf ?kfGtƒ0f x'g' cfjZos 5„ ‚yfgLo txsf] lgdf{0f ƒ ;+ljwfgn] ‚yfgLo txnfO{ lbPsf] clwsfƒn] ca k|To]s ‚yfgLo tx hgtfsf] lgs6td ƒ ;xh kx"Fr ePsf] l;+xbƒafƒ aGg ;Sg'kb{5„ ;]jf hgtfsf] kx"Frdf lgs6td b'ƒLdf ;do, k};f ƒ k|efjsflƒtfsf b[i6Ln] sd vlr{nf] ƒ u'0f‚tƒo'Qm x'g' cfjZos 5„ clwsf+z ;]jfx¿ j8f ‚tƒaf6} lbg ;s]df ;+3Lo nf]stGqsf] cg'e"lt hgtfn] ug{ ;S5g†„ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, cf}Bf]lus k|ab{†wg ƒ cf}Bf]lus ;]jf k|jfxsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ klg o;} klƒj]zdf x]lƒg' cfjZos x'G5„ g]kfnn] s]xL bzs otf cfˆgf cfjlws of]hgfx¿dfkm{t ulƒjL lgjfƒ0fsf] ƒ0fgLlt lnb} cfPsf] 5 ƒ ƒf]hufƒ s]lGb|t gLltn] g} ulƒjL lgjfƒ0f ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5„ ljutsf] s]Gb|Ls[t ƒfHo k|0ffnL ;+3Lo ƒfHo k|0ffnLdf ?kfGtƒ0f e} ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo ;ƒsfƒdf ?kfGtƒ0f e} ‚yfgLo ;ƒsfƒ hgtfsf] ghLssf] alnof] ;ƒsfƒ ePsf] ;Gbe{df cj„ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, cf}Bf]lus k|a4{g ƒ cf}Bf]lus ;]jf k|jfxsf] ljifon] ‚yfgLo txdf k|fyldstf kfpg' cfjZos x'G5„ o;} j‚t' tYonfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ lsl;daf6 ljleGg gLlt tyf cfjlws of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ePsf 5g† M

;+ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yf

lgb]{zs l;4fGt;fj{hlgs, lghL ƒ ;xsfƒL If]qsf] ;xeflutf tyf ljsf; dfkm{t pknAw ;fwg ƒ ;|f]tsf] clwstd klƒrfngåfƒf tLj| cfly{s j[l4 xfl;n ub}{ lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ tyf k|fKt pknlAwx¿sf] Gofof]lrt ljtƒ0f uƒL cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ zf]if0fƒlxt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ƒfli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ cfTdlge{ƒ, ‚jtGq tyf pGgltzLn agfpFb} ;dfhjfb pGd'v ‚jtGq ƒ ;d[4 cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ ƒfHosf] cfly{s p2]Zo x'g]5„

cy{, pBf]u / jfl0fHo ;DaGwL /fHosf gLltx¿M!_ ;fj{hlgs, lghL ƒ ;xsfƒL If]qsf] ;xeflutf ƒ ‚jtGq ljsf; dfkm{t ƒfli6«o

cy{tGq ;'b[9 ug]{,

@_ cy{tGqdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxÎj lbb} pknAw ;fwg ƒ ;|f]tsf] clwstd klƒrfng uƒL cfly{s ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{,

#_ ;xsfƒL If]qnfO{ k|j4{g ub}{ ƒfli6«o ljsf;df cTolws klƒrfng ug]{,


$_ cfly{s If]qsf ;a} ultljlwdf ‚jR5tf, hjfkmb]xL ƒ k|lt‚kwf{ sfod ug{ lgodgsf] Joj‚yf ub}{ ;jf{+uL0f ƒfli6«o ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg ƒ klƒrfng ug]{,

%_ pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf] Gofof]lrt ljtƒ0f ug]{,

^_ t'ngfTds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg uƒL pBf]usf] ljsf; ƒ lj‚tfƒåfƒf lgof{t k|j4{g ub}{ j‚t' tyf ;]jfsf] ahfƒ ljljwLsƒ0f ƒ lj‚tfƒ ug]{,

&_ sfnfahfƒL, Psflwsfƒ, s[lqd cefj l;h{gf ug]{ ƒ k|lt‚kwf{ lgoGq0f h‚tf sfo{sf] cGTo ub}{ ƒfli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ k|lt‚kwL{ agfO{ Jofkflƒs ‚jR5tf ƒ cg'zf;g sfod uƒL pkef]Qmfsf] lxt ;+ƒIf0f ug]{,

*_ ƒfli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf nflu ƒfli6«o pBf]uwGbf ƒ ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ k|j4{g uƒL g]kfnL >d, ;Lk ƒ sRrf kbfy{df cfwflƒt ‚jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],

(_ ƒfli6«o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf nflu ‚jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],

!)_ ƒfli6«o lxt cg's"n cfoft k|lt‚yfkg, lgof{t k|j4{gsf If]qdf j}b]lzs k"FhL tyf k|ljlwsf] nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ub}{ k"jf{wfƒ ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg Pj+ klƒrfng ug]{,

!!_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf ln+bf ƒfli6«o cfjZostf ƒ k|fyldstfnfO{ cfwfƒ agfpFb} o;nfO{ kfƒbzL{ agfpg] ƒ j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt ƒsd ƒfli6«o ah]6df ;dflxt ug]{,

!@_ u}ƒcfjf;Lo g]kfnLx¿sf] 1fg, ;Lk, k|ljlw ƒ k"FhLnfO{ ƒfli6«o ljsf;df pkof]u ug]{,

!#_ cf}Bf]lus slƒ8f]ƒ, ljz]if cfly{s If]q, ƒfli6«o klƒof]hgf, ljb]zL nufgLsf klƒof]hgfsf] ;Gbe{df cGtƒ k|b]z tyf k|b]z ƒ ;+3 aLr ;dGjo ‚yflkt uƒfO{ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{ ultzLntf k|bfg ug{'„

rf}wf}+ of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$–@)&%÷&^_ df ePsf] Joj:yf;f]r cy{tGqdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfgdf j[l4 uƒL cfly{s ¿kfGtƒ0f ƒ ;'b[9 cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

nIo cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ljsf; ƒ lj‚tfƒåfƒf ƒf]hufƒLdf j[l4, lgof{t k|j4{g ƒ cfoft k|lt‚yfkg uƒL ƒfli6«o cy{tGqsf] clej[l4 ug]{„

p2]Zo • pBf]u If]qsf] pTkfbg j[l4 uƒL s'n ufx{‚Yo pTkfbgdf o; If]qsf] of]ubfg

a9fpg'„

• cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL j[l4 uƒL ƒf]hufƒLsf cj;ƒ ;[hgf ug{'„

• cf}Bf]lus j‚t'x¿sf] lgof{t j[l4 uƒL Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf sdL Nofpg'„

/0fgLlt • pBf]ux¿nfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wfƒ Joj‚yf ug{ gLlt lgdf{0f ƒ sfof{Gjogdf

hf]8 lbg]„

• ‚yfgLo ;|f]t Pjd† ;Lksf] pkof]u uƒL n3', 3ƒ]n', ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]usf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ;~rfngnfO{ k|efjsfƒL agfpg]„

• cGtƒk|b]z tyf k|b]z ƒ ;+3aLrsf] cf}Bf]lus cGtƒ;DaGw ;'b[9 uƒL ;Gt'lnt ljsf;df pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg]„

• ljb]zL nufgLstf{ tyf u}ƒcfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ cf}Bf]lus nufgLdf k|f]T;fxg ug{ gLltut Joj‚yf ug]{„

• nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf ug{ cfjZos gLltut, ;+‚yfut, sfg'gL tyf k|lqmofut ;'wfƒ ug]{„

• t'ngfTds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg uƒL u'0f‚tƒo'Qm Pjd† k|lt‚kwf{Tds cf}Bf]lus j‚t'sf] lgof{tnfO{ a9fjf lbg]„

cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& df ePsf] Joj:yf

bL3{sfnLg nIo ;fj{hlgs, lghL ƒ ;xsfƒL If]qsf] k|efjsfƒL, ;dGjofTds ƒ ;fd~h‚ok"0f{ ;xsfo{df lbuf] Pjd† a[xt† cfwfƒ;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'¥ofO{ ulƒjL Go"gLsƒ0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]„

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

gLltsf k|d'v p2]Zo • u'0f‚tƒLo tyf k|lt‚kwf{Tds cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg Pjd† pTkfbsTj clej[l4af6

ƒfli6«o cfo ƒ ƒf]hufƒLdf a9f]QƒL;lxt cf}Bf]lus j‚t'sf] lgof{t a9fpg]„

• ‚yfgLo ;|f]t, sRrf kbfy{, ;Lk ƒ ;fwgsf] klƒrfng uƒL ;Gt'lnt ƒfli6«o tyf If]qLo ljsf;df pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg]„

• gljgtd k|ljlw Pjd† jftfjƒ0fd}qL pTkfbg k|s[ofnfO{ k|of]u uƒL pBf]u Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] Pjd† eƒkbf]{ If]qsf] ?kdf ‚yflkt ug]{„

• cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos pTkfbgzLn hgzlQm tyf Joj‚yfksLo Ifdtfsf] ljsf; ub}{ ;jn nufgLsf] cfwfƒ v8f uƒL g]kfnnfO{ blIf0f Plzof If]q tyf ljZjs} cfsif{s nufgL‚ynsf] ?kdf ‚yflkt ug]{„

;+3Lotfsf] ;Gbe{jt{dfg ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL % df ;+3sf] clwsfƒ, cg';"rL ^ df k|b]zsf] clwsfƒ, cg';"rL & df ;+3 ƒ k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsfƒ, cg';"rL * df ‚yfgLo txsf] clwsfƒ ƒ cg';"rL ( df ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsfƒx¿ pNn]v ePsf 5g†„ oL clwsfƒx¿nfO{ ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf Nofpg] uƒL neue !*)) lqmofsnfkx¿df lj‚t[tLsƒ0f ulƒPsf] 5„ ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] clwsfƒx¿sf] sfo{lj‚t[ltsƒ0f ;DjGwL g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ d+=k= af6 ‚jLs[t k|ltj]bg cg';fƒ ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLotxdf pBf]usf If]qdf lgDgfg';fƒsf clwsfƒx¿ ƒx]sf 5g† M

á ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL & df plNnlvt ;femf clwsfƒ ;"rLaf6 ;+3sf] sfo{ lj‚t[tLsƒ0f

á pBf]u ƒ ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ

á cf}Bf]lus gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog ƒ lgodg

á cf}Bf]lus If]q ƒ ljz]if cfly{s If]q ;DaGwL ƒfli6«o gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog ƒ lgodg

á j}b]lzs nufgL tyf k|ljlw x‚tfGtƒ0f ;DjGwL ƒfli6«o gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog ƒ lgodg

��pBf]u / ljsf;

á ;'ƒIff ;Dj]bgzLn pBf]u ;DjGwL btf{, ;~rfng cg'dlt, vfƒ]hL ƒ lgodg

á pBf]u, Joj;fo, sDkgL ‚yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ;DjGwL gLlt, sfg'g, dfkb08, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog ƒ lgodg

á pBf]u tyf vlgh ljsf; ;DjGwL ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08, ;dGjo ƒ lgodg

á cf}Bf]lus j‚t'sf] lgof{t k|j4{g

á cGtƒf{li6«o cf}Bf]lus ;+3;+‚yf ;Fu ;Dks{, ;dGjo ƒ ;xsfo{

á cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ƒ k|j4{g

á ;+3Lo ;fj{hlgs ;+‚yfsf] ljsf;, k|j4{g ƒ lgodg

k|b]zsf] Psn clwsf/sf] -cg';"rL ^_ lj:t[tLs/0f • vfgL cGj]if0f ƒ Joj‚yfkg ƒ pBf]u tyf vlgh ƒ ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ

• vfgL tyf vgLh kbfy{sf] cGj]if0f ;DaGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog ƒ lgodg

• ;+3sf] sfo{If]q leqsf ƒ ;fwfƒ0f lgdf{0fd'vL vfgL tyf vlgh afx]ssf vfgL tyf vgLhkbfy{ ;DaGwL ;j]{If0f, cGj]if0f, pTvgg ƒ Joj‚yfkg

• ;+3sf] sfo{If]q leqsf ƒ ;fwfƒ0f lgdf{0fd'vL vfgL tyf vlgh afx]ssf vfgL tyf vgLh kbfy{ ;DaGwL btf{, cg'dlt, gjLsƒ0f, vfƒ]hL ƒ lgodg

• vfgL tyf vgLhhGo j‚t'x¿sf] nut ;+sng tyf clen]vfÍg

• ef}ule{s cWoog tyfcg';Gwfg ƒ gS;f;DaGwL

• vfgL tyf vlgh cg';Gwfg Pj+ pTvgg† ;DjGwL k|fb]lzs k|of]uzfnf, ‚yfkgf ƒ ;~rfng pBf]u tyf vlgh ;DaGwL ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ ljsf;sf] of]hgf sfof{Gjog

;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL -&_ df plNnlvt ;femf clwsf/sf] lj:t[tLs/0f à ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff ƒ ƒf]hufƒL, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg, ƒ >ldssf

xs, clwsfƒ ƒ ljjfb ;DaGwL

à ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff ;DaGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08 ƒ lgodg

à ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff sf]if Joj‚yfkg ƒ lgodg


à ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff ;DaGwL ƒfli6«o ƒ k|fb]lzs lgsfo tyf ;+3;+‚yf;Fu ;Dks{, ;dGjo ƒ ;xsfo{

à ƒf]hufƒL, 6«]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg, ƒ >ldssf xs, clwsfƒ ƒ ljjfb ;DaGwL

à ƒf]hufƒ k|j4{g ;DaGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08 ƒ lgodg

à ƒf]hufƒ k|j4{g ;DaGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08 ƒ lgodg

à >lds Pj+ >ldssf] ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff ;DjGwL k|fb]lzs gLlt, sfg"g, dfkb08 ƒ lgodg

à 6«]8o'lgog ;DaGwL gLlt, sfg"g ƒ lgodg

à >dzlQm, >d ahfƒ ;DaGwL cWoog, cg';Gwfg ƒ >dzlQm of]hgf

à cf}Bf]lus ljjfb ;dfwfg, >d ;DaGw ƒ Goflos lg?k0f

à sfo{‚yn ;'ƒIff, sfƒvfgf lgƒLIf0f tyf lgodg

à pBf]u, Joj;fo ƒ sDkgL k|zf;g

:yfgLo txsf] Psnclwsf/sf] -cg';"rL *_ lj:t[tLs/0f n3', 3ƒ]n' ƒ ;fgf pBf]usf] btf{, gjLsƒ0f, vfƒ]hL ƒ lgodg ljsf; ƒ k|j4{g

n3', 3ƒ]n' ƒ ;fgf pBf]usf] ljsf; ƒ k|j4{g

pBdzLntf k|j4{g

;+:yfut Joj:yf g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&@ n] pBf]u k|zf;gsf] ;du| lhDd]jfƒL pBf]u dGqfnonfO{ lbPsf] 5„ o; dGqfno cGtƒut lgDgfg';fƒsf] ;+‚yfut ;+ƒrgf ƒx]sf] 5„

pBf]u ljefu

3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu

3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{nox¿ -emfkf, df]ƒª, ;'g;ƒL, ;KtƒL, l;ƒfxf, dxf]tƒL, wg'iff, ;nf{xL, afƒf, k;f{, ƒf}tx6, sfe|], sf7df8f}+, nlntk'ƒ, eQmk'ƒ, dsjfgk'ƒ, lrtjg, gjnkƒf;L, ?kGb]xL, slknj‚t', sf‚sL, kfNkf, bfª, afFs], alb{of s}nfnL ƒ sGrgk'ƒ_

��pBf]u / ljsf;

3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt -bfr{'nf, a}t8L, 88]nw'ƒf, 8f]6L, aemf+u, afh'ƒf, c5fd, sflnsf]6, b}n]v, h'Dnf, d'u', x'Dnf, 8f]Nkf, hfhƒsf]6, ?s'd, ;Nofg, ƒf]Nkf, Ko"7fg, afn'+u, u'NdL, c3f{vf+rL, ‚of+uhf, kj{t, DofUbL, d'‚tf+u, dgf+u, ndh'+u, tgx', uf]ƒvf, wflb+u, ƒ;'jf, g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, l;Gw'nL, ;f]n'v'Dj', cf]vn9'+uf, vf]6f+u, pbok'ƒ, ef]hk'ƒ, ;+v'jf;ef, wgs'6f, t]x|y'd, kfFryƒ, tfKn]h'+u, Onfd_

sDkgL ƒlhi6fƒsf] sfof{no

vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu

ƒfli6«o e"sDk dfkg s]Gb|, sf7df8f}+

ƒfli6«o e"sDk dfkg s]Gb|, ;'v]{t

g]kfn u'0f‚tƒ tyf gfktf}n ljefu

u'0f‚tƒ tyf gfktf}n If]lqo sfof{no, sf7df8f}+, wgu9L, g]kfnu~h, a'6jn, jLƒu~h, ljƒf6guƒ, hgsk'ƒ ƒ kf]vƒf

u'0f‚tƒ k|of]uzfnf, e}ƒxjf

6†ofS;L 6]Dkf] OsfO{, sf7df8f}+

cfufdL sfo{lbzf ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf; uƒL k|To]s ‚yfgLo txnfO{ ;Dd[4

jgfpg pBf]u dGqfno, pBf]u ljefu, 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu, 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljsf; ;ldlt, sDkgL ƒlhi6«fƒsf] sfof{no, vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu, g]kfn u'0f‚tƒ tyf gfktf}n ljefusf] ;+3 k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] ;f+u7lgs ;+ƒrgf tofƒ ug]{ ƒ hgzlQmsf] k|If]k0f uƒL sd{rfƒL ;dfof]hgsf] vfsf tofƒ ug]{„

xfn ljleGg ef]u]lns If]qdf ƒx]sf sfof{nox¿sf] jt{dfg k|fb]lzs pkl‚ylt x]ƒL ;+3Lo ;+ƒrgfdf tL sfof{nox¿sf] pkl‚ylt cfjZos 5 5}g, eP s'g ?kdf s'g txdf cfjZos 5 ;f] sf] klxrfg ug]{„ xfn s'g} sfof{no ƒx]sf] ‚yfg ljz]ifdf ;f] sfof{no gƒx]df pQm ‚yfgaf6 e}ƒx]sf sfo{x¿ cj s'g txn] s;ƒL ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sb5, ;f] sf] k|f?k tofƒ ug]{„


;+3Lo k|fb]lzs ƒ ‚yfgLo txdf pBf]u If]qsf] gLlt cfjlws ƒ bL3{sfnLg of]hgf tyf tt† txsf] jflif{s ah]6df ;d]l6g' kg]{ ljifodf k[i7kf]if0f lbg]

pBf]udf nufgL clej[l4 sf ƒfli6«o ƒ cGtƒf{li6«o ;dGjo ug]{

‚yfgLo k|fb]lzs ƒ ;+3Lo txdf ;+efJo pBf]u sf klxrfgdf ;dGjosfƒL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{

cfoft k|lt‚yfkg lgof{t k|a4{g ƒ t'ngfTds nfesf pBf]ux¿sf] ‚yfgLo k|fb]lzs ƒ ;+3Lo txdf ;+efJotf vf]hL ug]{

;Gbe{ ;fdu|L• cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^&

• rf}wf}+ of]hgf -cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷&$–@)&%÷&^_

• g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ sfo{ljefhg lgodfjnL, @)&@

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL %, ^, &, * ƒ ( df pNn]lvt ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] clwsfƒx¿sf] sfo{lj‚t[ltsƒ0f ;DjGwL g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ d+=k= af6 ‚jLs[t k|ltj]bg

��pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfndf sDkgL k|zf;g ;DjGwL Joj:yf / pknlAwx¿

k|]ds'df/ <]i&*;x–;lrj, ;~rf/ dGqfno

!= kl/ro sDkgL ƒlhi6«fƒsf] sfof{no g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, pBf]u dGqfno cGtu{t ljefu‚tƒLo sfof{no xf] ƒ o;sf] sfo{If]q g]kfn ƒfHoeƒ ƒx]sf] 5„ ;j{k|yd lj=;= !((# df sDkgL P]g th{'df ePsf] ƒ tTkZrft lj=;= @))&, @)@!, @)%# ƒ @)^# df ;d;fdlos ?kn] gofF P]g th'{df x'Fb} cfPsf] kfOG5„ o; P]gnfO{ cem} ;xh ƒ ‚ki6 jgfpg klxnf] ;+zf]wg e} oxL @)&$ a}zfvb]lv sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5„ xfn o; sfof{nodf ‚yfoL bƒjGbL $^, ;fnj;fnL ‚jLs[t bƒjGbL % ƒ bfdf;fxL k|zf;gsf nflu $ bƒjGbL uƒL s'n %% hgf sd{rfƒLx¿ sfo{ƒt 5g† ƒ o; dWo] #) bƒjGbL clws[t‚tƒ ƒ cGo ;xfos ƒ >]0fLljlxg ‚tƒsf 5g†„ ut @)&) sflt{sb]lv o; sfof{non] cgnfOg ;]jf k|jfx z'? uƒ]kl5 ;"rgf k|lalw ;DjGwL kbsf # bƒjGbL cGo ;]jf ;d"xsf kbaf6 ;dfof]hg ulƒPsf]5„

@= sfof{nosf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/s_ sDkgL P]g, @)^# jdf]lhd k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 klAns lnld6]8 sDkgL ƒ

d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ sDkgLx¿ btf{ ug]{,

v_ klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLx¿sf] ljjƒ0f kq k|sflzt ug{' k'j{ hfFrj'em uƒL clen]v ƒfVg],

u_ z]oƒ k'+hL a9fpg, sDkgLsf] gfd klƒjt{g jf ;+zf]wg ug]{ nufot k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf bkmfx¿df ePsf] ;+zf]wgsf] clen]v ug]{,

3_ btf{ ePsf sDkgLx¿n] sDkgL P]g jdf]lhd sfo{ uƒ], guƒ]sf] cg'udg ug]{, 5fgljg ug]{ ƒ cfjZostfg';fƒ lgƒLIf0f ug]{,

ª_ sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] ;DjGwdf ƒfo kƒfdz{x¿ pknJw uƒfpg],

r_ sDkgLx¿sf] cWofjlws clen]v ƒfVg],

5_ sDkgL P]g cg';fƒ sDkgLsf] vfƒ]hL ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{,

* n]vs ut @)&$ h]i7;Dd sDkgL ƒlhi6«fƒ sfof{nodf ƒlhi6«fƒ x'g'x'GYof]„


h_ sDkgL P]g, @)^# ljklƒt x'g] uƒL sfd sfƒjfxL ePsf] s'ƒf z]oƒjfnfsf] ph'ƒL tyf cGo tlƒsfaf6 hfgsfƒL x'g cfPdf cfjZos sfƒjfxL uƒL lgoldt uƒfpg],

em_ sDkgL ufEg] ;DjGwL sfd sfƒjfxL ug]{,

`_ sDkgL P]g,@)^# jdf]lhd tf]lsPsf ljjƒ0f, ;"rgf tyf hfgsfƒLx¿ lgwf{lƒt ;dodf bflvnf ug{ nufpg], cGoyf tf]lsP jdf]lhd hlƒjfgf nufpg] jf vfƒ]hL ;DjGwL sfo{ ug]{,

6_ pNn]lvt sfo{x¿ jfx]s sDkgL P]g, @)^# n] lglb{i6 uƒ]sf sfo{x¿ ;Dkfbg ug]{,

7_ g]kfn ;ƒsfƒaf6 ;do ;dodf eP uƒ]sf lgb]{zg cg';fƒ cGo sfd sfƒjfxL ug]{,

#= sDkgLsDkgL eGgfn] pBf]u Joj;fo ug{ rfxg] JolQm jf ;d"xn] sDkgL P]g, @)^# cg'?k k|fO{e]6 lnld6]8 tyf klJns lnld6]8sf] ?kdf ;+‚yfkg uƒ]sf cljlR5Gg pQƒflwsfƒjfnf Ps ‚jzfl;t ƒ ;+ul7t ;+‚yf eGg] a'lemG5„ o;n] JolQm ;ƒx rn crn ;DklQ k|fKt ug{, ƒfVg, j]rljvg ug{ jf cGo lsl;dn] Joj;fo ug{ ƒ cfˆgf] gfdaf6 gfln; ph'ƒ ug{ ;S5„ o; P]gdf tLg lsl;dsf sDkgL btf{ ug]{ Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„

-s_ k|fOe]6sDkgLM– pQm adf]lhd ;+‚yflkt a9Ldf %) hgf;Dd z]oƒwgLx¿sf] sDkgL xf] ƒ ;fy} Psn z]oƒwgL ePsf] sDkgL klg k|fOe]6 sDkgL cGtu{t kb{5„

-v_ klJns sDkgL M– pQm adf]lhd ;+‚yflkt sDkgLdWo] k|fOe]6 sDkgL afx]ssf] sDkgL xf] ƒ h;df sDtLdf & hgf ;+‚yfks ƒxg' kg]{ ƒ r'Qmf k"hL sDtLdf ?=! sƒf]8 ePsf] x'g'kb{5„

-u_ d'gfkmfljt/0fgug]{sDkgLM– s'g} pB]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu cflh{t d'gfkmf jf jrt uƒ]sf] ƒsdaf6 nfef+; jf cGo s'g} ƒsd ;b‚ox¿nfO{ ljtƒ0f jf e'QmfgL ug{ gkfpg] uƒL sDkgL P]g, @)^# adf]lhd ;+‚yflkt sDkgL xf] ƒ h;df sDtLdf % hgf;Dd ;+‚yfks ƒxg] ƒ o‚tf] sDkgLn] cfˆgf] gfdsf] k5fl8 ;fdfGotof sDkgL lnld6]8 jf k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 h‚tf zAbx¿ n]lvƒxg' kb}{g„

$= sDkgLsf] btf{ k|lqmof $=!= cgnfOgaf6 sDkgLsf] gfd k|‚tfj ug]{,

��pBf]u / ljsf;

$=@= k|‚tfljt gfd ‚jLs[t ePsf] hfgsfƒL k|fKt ePkl5 sDkgL P]gn] lgwf{ƒ0f uƒ]sf] 9f+rfdf lgDgfg';fƒsf] ljjƒ0f cWofjlws ePsf] k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL th{'df ug]{,

$=@=! sDkgLsf] gfd ƒ 7]ufgf,

$=@=@ ;+rfnsx¿sf] gfd ƒ 7]ufgf,

$=@=# sDkgLsf] p2]Zo ƒ sfo{If]q,

$=@=$ clws[t k'+hL, hfƒL k'+hL ƒ r'Qmf k'+hL,

$=@=% cGo cfjZos s'ƒfx¿,

-sDkgLsf] ;+‚yfkgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|jGwkq, lgodfjnL nufot cGo sfuhftsf] 9f+rf o; sfof{nosf] website: www.ocr.gov.np af6 ;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5„_

$=#= cWofjlws ulƒPsf] k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL ;lxt sDkgL btf{sf] nflu k|‚tfj ug]{,

$=$= sDkgL btf{sf] ‚jLs[lt kl5 k|df0fkq k|fKt ug]{, tf]lsPsf] ƒfhZj b‚t'ƒ j'emfpg'sf] ;fy} ‚jLs[t k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL k|dfl0ft ug{ clgjfo{ x'G5„

$=%= cfˆgf] p2]Zo cg'?k sfo{ ug{' cl3 ;DjlGwt lgsfosf] cg'dlt, ‚jLs[lt, Ohfht lng], h‚t} M–

Jofkfl/ssDkgL jfl0fHoljefuko{6g, s[lif, lzIff, ‚jf‚Yo, kz' ;DjlGwt ljefu ƒ dGqfno

;fgf ƒ 3ƒ]n' pBf]u Joj;fo 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u ljefu,

7'nf pBf]u pBf]u ljefu,

>lds ;DjlGw -Dofg kfjƒ_ >d ljefu,

;'ƒIff ;DjlGw hgzlQm cfk"lt{ ug]{, ;DjlGwt If]qLo k|zf;g sfof{no,

a}+s jf ljQLo sDkgL g]kfn ƒfi6« a}+s

lwtf]kq sfƒf]jfƒ ug]{ sDkgL, lwtf]kq af]8{,

jLdf ;DjlGw Joj;fo ug]{ sDkgL jLdf ;ldlt,

j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒdf hgzlQm k7fpg], j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒ ljefu,

j}b]lzs nufgLsf] sDkgL ‚yfkgf pBf]u ljefu -?=%) nfveGbf j9Lsf] k"FhL ePdf_ cf}wf]lus k|a4{g af]8{ -? @ cƒj eGbf a9L k"FhL ePdf_, j}b]lzs nufgL af]8{ -?= !) cƒaeGbf j9L k"FhL ePdf_


sDkgLbtf{sf]nfluk]zug{'kg]{cfwf/e"tsfuhftx¿!= ?= !).– sf] l6s6 ;lxt g]kfn ƒfhkqdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg,

@= k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf] @÷@ k|lt,

#= ;+‚yfksx¿sf] gfulƒstfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk !÷! k|lt,

$= klJns sDkgLsf] xsdf ;+‚yfksx¿ jLr s'g} ;Demf}tf ePsf] ƒx]5 eg] ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk=

%= k|fOe]6 sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{;Ddt ;Demf}tf ePsf] ƒx]5 eg] ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,

^ ljb]zL nufgLsf] sDkgLsf] xsdf pBf]u ljefuaf6 hfƒL ljb]zL nufgL ‚jLs[lt kq,

%= g]kfnL gfulƒs z]oƒwgL ƒxg] -d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ ;d]t_ uƒL ;+‚yfkg x'g] sDkgLsf] k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL,

%=!= Psn z]oƒwgL ƒxg] k|‚tfljt k|fOe]6 sDkgL ePdf cg';"rL ( adf]lhd, Psn afx]s cGo k|fOe]6 sDkgL ePdf cg';"rL !) adf]lhd, klJns lnld6]8 sDkgL ePdf cg';"rL !! adf]lhd ƒ d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ sDkgL ePdf cg';"rL !@ adf]lhdsf] k|aGwkq @ k|lt„

%=@= k|‚tfljt sDkgL k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 ePdf cg';"rL !$ adf]lhd, klJns lnld6]8 sDkgL eP cg';"rL !% adf]lhd ƒ d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ sDkgL eP cg';"rL !^ adf]lhdsf] lgodfjnL @ k|lt„

%+#= ;+‚yfks z]oƒwgLx¿sf] gfulƒstfsf] k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk„

%=$= k|f=ln=sDkgLsf] xsdf ;j{;Ddt ;+emf}tf ePsf] ƒx]5 eg] To‚tf] ;+emf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk„

%=% klJns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] xsdf sDkgL ;+‚yfkgf ug{' cl3 ;+‚yfksx¿aLr s'g} ;+emf}tf ePsf] ƒx]5 eg] ;f]sf] k|ltlnlk„

%=^= s'g} lgsfosf] k"j{ ‚jLs[lt jf Ohfht cfjZos kg]{ eP To‚tf] lgsfosf] ‚jLs[lt jf Ohfht„

%=&= ;+‚yfks g]kfnL sDkgL -sfg"gL JolQm_ ePdf sDkgL btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk, gofF ;+‚yfkgf x'g nfu]sf] sDkgLdf s], slt ƒ s;ƒL nufgL ug]{ tyf ;+‚yfks sDkgLsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmsf] gfd v'nfOPsf] ;+rfns

��pBf]u / ljsf;

;ldltsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk ƒ k|ltlglwsf] gfulƒstf k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk„

^= ljb]zL gfulƒs ;+‚yfks tyf z]oƒwgL ƒxg] uƒL ‚yfkgf x'g] ;+o'Qm nufgL jf k"0f{ ljb]zL nufgL x'g] sDkgLsf] nflu cfjZos yk sfuhkq„

^=!= k|rlnt sfg"g jdf]lhd ;DjlGwt lgsfoaf6 g]kfn ƒfHoleq nufgL ug{ cg'dlt kfPsf] Ohfhtkqsf] k|ltlnlk,

^=@= ;+o'Qm nufgL x'g] cf}Bf]lus sDkgLsf] xsdf pBf]u ljefuaf6 ‚jLs[lt tyf ;+o'Qm nufgL ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk,

^=#= ljb]zL JolQm ;+‚yfks ePdf lghsf] ƒfxbfgL -kf;kf]6{_ sf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk ƒ sfg"gL JolQm -sDkgL_ eP sDkgL btf{ k|df0fkqsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk tyf sDkgLn] nufgL ug]{ ;DjGwL lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk ƒ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQmsf] dgf]gog kq Pj+ lghsf] ƒfxbfgLsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk„

&= k|fOe]6 kmd{ jf ;fem]bfƒL kmd{nfO{ sDkgLdf klƒ0ft uƒL sDkgL btf{ ug{ cfjZos yk sfuhkq„

&=!= k|fOe]6 kmd{ ƒ ;fem]bfƒL kmd{nfO{ sDkgLdf klƒ0ft ug]{ ;DjGwdf ;+‚yfksx¿jLrsf] ;+emf}tf„

&=@ gljsƒ0f ulƒPsf] kmd{ btf{ k|df0fkq„

&=#= cfosƒ btf{sf] k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk ƒ sƒ km5†of}{6sf] k|df0f jf ;xdtL.

*= k|fOe]6 lnld6]8nfO{ klJns lnld6]8df ƒ klJns lnld6]8nfO{ k|fOe]6 lnld6]8df klƒ0ft ug{ cfjZos sfuhkqx¿

*=! k|f=ln=nfO{ k=ln= df klƒ0ft ug{ cfjZos yk sfuhkq

s_ ?= !) sf] l6s6;lxt cg';"rL ^ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg„

v_ ;fwfƒ0f ;efsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk„

u_ sDkgLdf sDtLdf @% k|ltzt z]oƒ klJns sDkgLn] vlƒb uƒ]sf] sfuhft

3_ sDkgLn] s'g} klJns sDkgLsf] sDtLdf @% k|ltzt z]oƒ vlƒb uƒ]sf] sfuhft„

ª_ k|‚tfljt # dxn] k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf] !÷! k|lt„

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

r_ ;+‚yfks yk x'g] eP gfulƒstf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk„

*=@ k=ln=nfO{ k|f=ln=df klƒ0ft ug{ cfjZos yk sfuhkq

s_ ?= !) sf] l6s6;lxt cg';"rL & adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg„

v_ ;fwfƒ0f ;efsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlk„

u_ kF"hL v'n]sf] n]vf klƒIf0f k|ltj]bg„

3_ z]oƒwgL ;+Vof & eGbf sd ePsf] sfƒ0faf6 klJns lnld6]8af6 k|f=ln=df klƒ0ft x'g] ePdf ;f];DalGw sfuhft„

ª_ k|‚tfljt # dxn] k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf] !÷! k|lt„

r_ ;+‚yfks yk x'g] eP gfulƒstf k|df0fkqsf] k|ltlnlk„

( ljb]zL sDkgLsf] btf{, zfvf sfof{no ƒ ;D†ks{ sfof{no ‚yfkgf ;DjlGw -bkmf !%$, !%%_

(=! cg';'rL @( adf]lhdsf] 9f+rfdf lgj]bg„

(=@ Joj;fo jf sfƒf]jfƒ ;+rfngsf] nflu clwsfƒk|fKt clwsfƒLaf6 k|fKt cg'dltkq„

(=# sDkgL ;+‚yfkgsf] clwsfƒ kq, k|df0fkq, k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLsf] k|ltlnlk ƒ ;f]sf] g]kfnL cg'jfb„

(=$ sDkgLsf] d"n sfof{no ƒ sfƒf]jfƒ ug]{ d"Vo 7]ufgf, sDkgL ;+‚yfkgf ePsf] ldlt, hfƒL k"FhL ƒ d"Vo pb]Zo v'n]sf] ljjƒ0f„

(=% sDkgLsf ;+rfns, k|jGws, sDkgL ;lrj jf k|d'v kbflwsfƒLsf] gfd, 7]ufgf ƒ lghx¿sf] gfulƒstf ;DjlGw ljjƒ0f„

(=^ Dofb ;"rgf hfƒL x'bf sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 j'lemlng] cflwsflƒs JolQmsf] gfd 7]ufgf v'n]sf] ljjƒ0f„

(=& g]kfn ƒfHodf Joj;fo jf sfƒf]jfƒ ug]{ eP k|‚tfljt nufgL ƒ sfƒf]jfƒsf] ljjƒ0f„

(=* g]kfn ƒfHodf Joj;fo jf sfƒf]jfƒ ug]{ d"Vo ‚yfg ƒ 7]ufgf„

(=( g]kfndf Joj;fo jf sfƒf]jfƒ z'? ug]{ k|‚tfljt ldlt„

(=!) sDkgLsf] ;+rfns jf lghsf] k|ltlglwn] sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 uƒ]sf] pb3f]if0f„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

(=!! bkmf !%& adf]lhdsf] clVtofƒgfdf„

!) zfvf yksf] clen]v ug]{

!)=! sDkgLsf] cg'ƒf]wkq„

!)=@ ;+rfns ;dLltsf] lg0f{o k|ltlnlk„

!)=# xfn yk ;d]t sfod ƒxg] zfvf ljjƒ0f„

!! sDkgL btf{ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'ƒfx¿ M

!!=! k|fOe]6 lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] xsdf sDtLdf Ps hgf ƒ a9Ldf %) hgf;Dd ƒ k=ln= sDkgLsf] xsdf sDtLdf & hgf ;+‚yfks z]oƒwgLx¿ x'g' cfjZos 5„ tƒ s'g} klJns lnld6]8 sDkgL ;+‚yfks eO{ csf]{ klJns lnld6]8 sDkgL ;+‚yfkgf ubf{ & hgf ;+‚yfksx¿sf] cfjZostf kb}{g„

!!=@ k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL oyfzSo g]kfnL sfuhdf cyjf l6sfp vfnsf] sfuhdf Psftkm{dfq 6fOk ePsf] x'g'kb{5„

!!=# k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL z'4 tyf ‚ki6 g]kfnL efiffdf tofƒ ulƒPsf] x'g'kb{5„ ljb]zL nufgL x'g] sDkgLsf] xsdf k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnL z'4 tyf ‚ki6 c+u|]hL efiffdf tofƒ ulƒPsf] x'g'k5{ tƒ tL b'j}sf] g]kfnL ?kfGtƒ klg k]z ug{' kb{5„

!!=$ k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf] k|To]s kfgfdf tnltƒ ;a} ;+‚yfks z]oƒjfnfx¿n] b‚tvt uƒ]sf] x'g'kb{5„ k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLsf] clGtd k|sƒ0fdf ;+‚yfks z]oƒjfnfx¿sf] k"ƒf gfd, 7]ufgf, lng sj'n uƒ]sf] z]oƒ ;+Vof ƒ b‚tvtsf] ;fy ;fy} k|To]s ;+‚yfkssf] b‚tvt ;Fu} NofKr] ;lx5fk x'g'kb{5„ xƒ]s ;+‚yfks z]oƒjfnfsf] Pshgf ;fIfLsf] k"ƒf gfd, 7]ufgf ƒ b‚tvt x'g' cfjZos 5„

!!=% gofF sDkgL btf{ x'Fbf To‚tf] sDkgLsf] z]oƒ k"ƒfgf] sDkgLn] vƒLb ug]{ k|fjwfg ƒflvPdf k"ƒfgf] sDkgLsf] cfly{s cj‚yf lrq0f ePsf] k|df0f k]z ug{'k5{„

!!=^ sDkgL btf{ ug{ cfpbf ;+‚yfks z]oƒwgLx¿dWo] sDtLdf ! hgf z]oƒwgL sfof{nodf ‚jod† pkl‚yt e} ;gfvt ug{' kb{5„

!@ sDkgL P]g @)^# cg';fƒ o; sfof{nodf btf{ ƒx]sf sDkgLx¿n] b]xfo jdf]lhd cfˆgf] sDkgLsf] ljjƒ0f tyf sfuhft k]z (Online) ug{'kg]{ Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5 ƒ


sDkgL;+:yfkgkZrftsDkgLx¿n]sfof{nodfk]zug{'kg]{sfuhftx¿sf]ljj/0f

l;=g+= ljj/0f ;dofjlw hl/jfgf

!= k|jGwkq ƒ lgodfjnLdf ePsf] ;+;f]wg -bkmf @!=!_

sDkgLn] lg0f{o uƒ]sf] #) lbg

;dofjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k|To]s dlxgf ?=@)). tƒ jflif{s ?=!))). df gj9†g] uƒL,

@= z'?sf] hu]8f z]oƒ tyf hu]8f z]oƒ clen]v -bkmf #!_

z]oƒ af8kmfF8 uƒ]sf] #) lbgleq


#= sDkgLsf] l‚yltsf] ;+lIfKt Joxf]ƒf -bkmf %!_

jflif{s ;fwfƒ0f ;ef ePsf] #) lbgleq

sDkgLsf] s'n r'Qmf k'FhLsf] cfwfƒdf -bkmf *! jdf]lhd_

$= klJns ln= ƒ d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ sDkgLn] hfgsfƒL uƒfpg' kg]{ -bkmf &*_

jflif{s ;fwfƒ0f ;ef j‚g' eGbf @! lbg cufl8


%= cfly{s k|ltj]bg -bkmf *)_

klJns ln= sDkgLsf] jflif{s ;fwfƒ0f ;ef uƒ]sf] #) lbgleq ƒ cGo k|f= ln= n] cfly{s jif{ ;dfKt ePkl5 ^ dlxgf leq,


^= ;+rfns kb jxfnkl5 lnlvt hfgsfƒL -bkmf (@=#_

jxfn ƒx]sf] & lbg leq,


&= n]vf kƒLIfs lgo'lQm sDkgLn] lg0f{o uƒ]sf] !% lbgleq


��pBf]u / ljsf;

l;=g+= ljj/0f ;dofjlw hl/jfgf

*= ;+rfns ƒ sDkgL ;lrjsf] ljjƒ0f -bkmf !)&=@_

sDkgLn] lg0f{o uƒ]sf] !% lbgleq


(= gfd klƒjt{g ePsf] hfgsfƒL -bkmf !@)_

sfof{non] lg0f{o uƒ]sf] #) lbgleq ;"rgf k|sflzt uƒL sfof{nodf k]z ug{'kg]{,

bkmf %! ;ƒx

!)= sDkgLsf] ƒlhi68{ sfof{nosf] 7]ufgfsf] hfgsfƒL k]z ug]{ -bkmf !*$_

# dlxgf leq ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 k|To]s dlxgf ?=@))÷– tƒ jflif{s ?=!)))÷– df gj9†g] uƒL,

pQmfg';fƒ ljjƒ0f tyf sfuhftx¿ lgoldt k]z guƒ]df sDkgL cWofjlws gx'g] ƒ To‚tf sDkgLx¿;+u g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ dftxtsf lgsfo, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo tyf ;ƒsfƒL ‚jfldTj ePsf ;fj{hlgs lgsfox¿n] s'g} j‚t' tyf ;]jf cfk"lt{ jf vlƒbsf nflu s'g} ;Demf}tf gug]{ ƒ To‚tf sDkgLx¿nfO{ s'g} sfo{ ug{ cg'dlt ƒ Ohfht glbO{g] uƒL sfƒjfxL ug{ ;j} ;ƒsfƒL ;+j}wflgs lgsfo ƒ ;fj{hlgs ;+‚yfx¿df ;d]t cg'ƒf]w ulƒPsf] x'Fbf ;j} sDkgLx¿nfO{ oyf;dodf dfly pNn]v eP cg';fƒsf ljjƒ0f tyf sfuhftx¿ k]z uƒL sDkgL cWofjlws ug{' x'g egL ;fj{hlgs ?kdf pNn]lvt ;"rgf k|sfzg ug]{ ulƒPsf] 5„

sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf *! df pNn]v eP cg';fƒ laleGg bkmf adf]lhdsf] ljjƒ0f, sfuhft 9Lnf a'emfP afkt nfUg] hlƒjfgfsf] ljjƒ0f lgDgfg';fƒ ƒx]sf] 5„


qm=;+= sDkgLsf]r'Qmfk"FhL?nfvdf

laj/0fa'emfpgl9nf]ePsf];do

l9nf]ljj/0fa'emfPdfx'g]hl/jfgf/sd

bkmf%!sf]ljj/0f

bkmf&*sf]ljj/0f

bkmf*)sf]ljj/0f

bkmf!@)sf]ljj/0f

bkmf!#!,!%^sf]ljj/0f

! ! – @% nfv;Dd

s= klxnf] # dlxgfv= bf];|f] # dlxgfu= To;kl5 ^ dlxgf ;Dd3= k|To]s aif{

!,))).–!,%)).–@%)).–%,))).–

!,))).–!,%)).–@%)).–%,))).–

!,))).–!,%)).–@%)).–%,))).–

!,))).–!,%)).–@%)).–%,))).–

!,))).–!,%)).–@%)).–%,))).–

@ @% – ! sƒf]8;Dd


@,))).–#,))).–%,))).–!),))).–

@,))).–#,))).–%,))).–!),))).–

@,))).–#,))).–%,))).–!),))).–

@,))).–#,))).–%,))).–!),))).–

@,))).–#,))).–%,))).–!),))).–

# ! sƒf]8 b]lv dfly


%,))).–&,))).–!),))).–@),))).–

%,))).–&,))).–!),))).–@),))).–

%,))).–&,))).–!),))).–@),))).–

%,))).–&,))).–!),))).–@),))).–

%,))).–&,))).–!),))).–@),))).–

!# ;DjlGwt P]g, lgod, ljlgod ƒ lgb]{lzsfsf] ;"rL,

! sDkgL P]g, @)%#

@ sDkgL P]g, @)^#

# bfdf;fxL ;DjGwgL P]g, @)^#

$ sDkgL lgb]{lzsf, @)^%

% sDkgL -ljB''tLo kmfOln+u_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^(

��pBf]u / ljsf;

!$ sDkgL k|zf;g ;DjGwL sfo{x¿

! gfd klƒjt{g

@ 7]ufgf klƒjt{g

# p2]Zo yk ƒ ;+zf]wg

$ kF"+hL j[l4 ƒ k'FhL ;+ƒrgf klƒjt{g

% sDkgLsf] lsl;d klƒjt{g

^ sDkgL vfƒ]hL

& sDkgL ufEg]

* jflif{s ljjƒ0f

( z'? cj‚yfsf] hfgsfƒL ƒ z'? z]oƒ afF8kmfF8

!) s}lkmot tnjsf] hjfkm jf cfjlws hfgsfƒLx¿

!! zfvf sfof{no yk

!@ k|jGwkq jf lgodfjnLsf] bkmf ;+zf]wg

!# z]oƒ vlƒb ljqmL jf hu]8f z]oƒ ljqmL ƒ d[To'kl5sf] z]oƒ gfd;fƒL -z]oƒ nut_

!$ Psnaf6 jx'ndf 9f+rf klƒjt{g

!% cGo,

!% xfn;Ddsf] pknlJw ƒ kl5Nnf k|of;x¿,

cf=j= @)&#÷&$ sf] a}zfv;Dddf o; sfof{noaf6 k|f=ln=!^^^*# klJns ln= !$!* d'gfkmf ljtƒ0f gug]{ sDkgL !$!(, ƒ j}b]lzs sDkgLx¿sf] zfvf sfof{nox¿ !^) j6f btf{ ulƒPsf] 5„ To;}uƒL rfn' cf=j= sf] a}zfv;Dddf sDkgL k|zf;g ;DjlGw ljleGg !^&!# j6f sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ePsf 5g†„ o;}uƒL kl5Nnf] ;dodf o; sfof{non] lgDg lqmofsnfkx¿ ;DkGg uƒ]sf] 5„

!= sDkgL P]gdf ;d;fdlos ?kdf klxnf] ;+zf]wg ePsf]5„ o;af6 sDkgL k|zf;gdf ;'zf;gsf] yk k|Tofe'lt ePsf] ƒ vfƒ]hLdf hfg rfxg] ;+‚yfks ;+rfnsx¿nfO{ cfly{s ?kdf w]ƒ} ƒfxt k'Ug uPsf]„

@= sDkgL lgb]{lzsfsf] th'{df ƒ sfof{Gjog kl5 cfjZos ;+zf]wg ;d]t uƒL ;]jf k|jfxdf ‚tƒLotf ƒ Ps?ktf NofOPsf] 5„


#= k|To]s cf=j= df ;'rgfsf] xs ;DjGwL P]g, @)^$ cg';fƒ sfof{nosf] hfgsfƒL k'l‚tsf k|sfzg uƒ]sf] ƒ rf}dfl;s tyf aflif{s k|ult lajƒ0f Website df cBfjlws ug]{ uƒ]sf],

$ Company Registrar Forum sf] ;b‚otf k|fKt uƒL] cGtƒfli6«o d~rdf cfj4 ePsf]

%= nufgLstf{ ;+ƒIf0f sf]if ‚yfkgf eO{ laleGg sDkgLx¿nfO{ pQm sf]ifdf ƒsd hDdf ug{ cg'ƒf]w ulƒPsf] 5„ sf]ifsf] ;+rfng kl5 k|fKt x'g] Jofh ƒsdaf6 sfof{nosf] hgzlQm ljsf;, ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ ljsf; ƒ ;d;fdlos ?kdf gLlt, P]g, lgod lgb]{lzsf th'{dfsf nflu kof{Kt >f]t pknAw x'g ;Sg] ePsf]„

^= ;+u7g k'g ;+ƒrgf uƒL ;"rgf k|lalw ;DjGwL hgzlQmsf] kof{Kt Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ o;af6 xfnsf] cgnfOg ;]jf a9L eƒkbf]{ ƒ ‚tƒLo agfpg d2t k'Ug] ePsf]„

&= sfof{nosf] O–kmfOlnË tyf ef}lts kmfOn Joj‚yfkgsf nflu Ifdtf a9fPsf],

*= sfof{nodf ƒx]sf k'ƒfgf tyf sfd gnfUg] ;fdfu|Lx¿sf] lnnfd laqmL uƒL lhG;L vftfnfO{ r'‚t b'?‚t kflƒPsf] 5„

(= gfulƒs a8fkq ;lxt sfof{nosf] hfgsfƒL k'l‚tsf k|sfzg ulƒPsf]„

!)= sfof{nosf] k|To]s sfo{sIfsf] ultlalw lguƒfgLdf ƒfVg #) j6f ;L=;L= l6=eL= h8fg uƒL ;'zf;g k|a4{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofOPsf]„

!^= sDkgL P]g -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)&$ sf] d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ M

oxL @)&$ a}zfv b]lv sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] sDkgL P]g -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_, @)&$ sf] d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿ o; k|sfƒ ƒx]sf] 5 M–

!= sDkgL btf{ ƒ cBfjlws ug{ ljB'tLo k|0ffnL ckgfpg' kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj‚yf ulƒPsf]„

@= lel8of] sGkmƒ]G; jf To‚t} k|sfƒsf] cGo k|lalw dfkm{t klg ;+rfnsx¿ ;fwfƒ0f;efdf pkl‚yt x'g ;Sg] Joj‚yf,

#= k|fOe]6 sDkgLx¿df ;+rfnsx¿sf] ;+Vof a9Ldf !! hgf;Dd dfq x'g ;Sg] Joj‚yf,

��pBf]u / ljsf;

$= sfƒf]jfƒ ;+rfng guƒ]sf], ;+rfngdf gƒx]sf] jf P]g adf]lhd hlƒjfgf ga'emfPsf] sDkgLx¿n] vfƒ]hL x'g rfx]df cfˆgf] r'Qmf k"FhLsf] )=%Ü jf lgodfg';fƒsf] hlƒjfgf ƒsd dWo] h'g sd x'G5 ;f] ƒsd a'emfO{ ƒ cGo lgodfg';fƒsf] ljjƒ0f, sfuhft a'emfO{ btf{ vfƒ]h x'g ;Sg] Joj‚yf,

%= sDkgLsf] ;+‚yfkgf jf sDkgLdf nufgL ubf{ nufgLstf{n] ;f] nufgL ƒsd ;DklQ z'4Lsƒ0f ug{ nufgL gePsf] ƒ u}ƒ sfg"gL ?kdf cfh{g guƒ]sf] Joxf]ƒf pb3f]if ug'{kg]{ Joj‚yf ePsf],

^= sDkgL ƒlhi6«fƒsf] sfof{nosf] zfvf sfof{no vf]Ng ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf],

&= d'gfkmf latƒ0f gug]{ sDkgLn] cfˆgf] aflif{s sfo{qmd th'{df ubf{ k|zf;lgs vr{ @%Ü eGbf a9L x'g gx'g] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf],

*= ? % sƒf]8eGbf a9L k"FhL ePsf] b'ƒ;+rfƒ sDkgLx¿n] ;j{;fwfƒ0fsf nflu z]oƒ hfƒL ug'{kg]{ Joj‚yf„

(= k|f=ln= ;+‚yfks ;+Vof %) hgfaf6 a9fPƒ !)! hgf;Dd ;+‚yfks x'g;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf]„

!)= dlxnf z]oƒwgL ePsf] klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ;+rfns ;ldltdf sDtLdf Pshgf ljBdfg ;+rfns x'g' kg]{„

!& ljBdfg ;d‚ofx¿,

!= Online ;]jf k|jfxkl5 IT If]qdf hgr]tgfsf] sdLsf] sfƒ0f ;j{;fwfƒ0fn] cfkm}n] ;]jf lng g;s]sf],

@= sfof{nosf] sfo{ k|s[lt cg';fƒ counter service cg'?ksf] ejg ƒ sfo{sIf gePsf],

#= sDkgL btf{ ƒ sDkgL cWofjlws ug]{ ;DjGwdf ‚yfgLo txdf kof{Kt cled'vLsƒ0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng x'g† g;s]sf],

$= sd{rfƒLx¿ cfpg, hfg tyf lhNnf ƒ ‚yfgLo txdf cled'vLsƒ0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ hfg ;jfƒL ;fwgsf] cefj ePsf],

!* ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿

! xfn lghL If]qsf] ;+‚yfaf6 Consulting Service lnO Online ;]jf ;+rfng uƒL ƒfVg' kƒ]sf]n] elaiodf o;} sfof{nosf ;"rgf k|lalw ;Dj4


sd{rfƒLx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 uƒL ‚yfoL bƒjGbL s} k|flalwsx¿af6 ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ug{ ;lsg],

@= o; sfof{nonfO{ Ps ‚jfoQ lgsfosf] ?kdf lasf; ug{ sDkgL P]gdf af]8{÷k|flwsƒ0f u7gsf] Joj‚yf uƒL To; cGtu{t sfof{nosf] ;+rfng ubf{ sd{rfƒLx¿sf] ‚yfloTj eO{ sfo{df Joj;flostf ƒ lalzi6tf xfl;n x'g],

#= s]Gb|df Psdfq sDkgL ƒlhi6«fƒsf] sfof{no Joj‚yf uƒL k|To]s k|fb]lzs pBf]u dGqfnox¿df Ps clws[t ƒ Ps gf=;'= ‚tƒsf] bƒjGbL l;h{gf uƒL sDkgL btf{ ƒ cWofjlws ug]{ k|lqmof ƒ lalwsf] afƒ]df r]tgfd'ns ƒ cled'vLsƒ0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{kg]{„

$= sfof{no klƒ;ƒdf hL0f{ ?kdf ƒx]sf] cf}Bf]lus phf{ Joj‚yfkg cfof]hgfsf] ejg x6fO{ ;]jfu|fxL d}qL Counter Service lbg ;lsg] pre-fab sfof{no ejg lgdf{0f ug{'kg]{,

%= lhNnf ƒ ‚yfgLo txdf cg'udg ug{ tyf cled'vLsƒ0f sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ yk ;jfƒL ;fwg uf8L –@ ƒ df]6ƒ ;fOsn–% sf] Joj‚yf ug{'kg]{,

pk;+xf/ ljZjsf ljleGg b]zx¿sf] pBf]u d}qL jftfjƒ0f dfkg ug]{ Pp6f cfwfƒ Doing Business Indicator xf] ƒ o; ;"rsnfO{ dfly p7fpg pBf]u Joj;foLx¿n] sDkgL btf{ ubf{ ƒ sDkgL k|zf;g ;DjlGw ;]jf lnbf j9L ;ƒn, ;xh, ;'ky ƒ ;'ƒlIft cg'e"lt uƒ]sf] x'g'kb{5 ƒ o;sf] nflu P]gsf] ;d;fdlos klƒdfh{g, sd{rfƒLsf] Ifdtf clej[4L, sfo{ k|lqmofdf ;ƒnLsƒ0f ƒ ;Dj4 lgsfox¿ jLr kfƒ‚kflƒs ;xof]u, ;dGjo ƒ ;xsfo{ cklƒxfo{ 5„ log} efjgf, l;4fGt ƒ JojxfƒnfO{ j‚t'kƒs jgfO{ 7f]; pknlJw xfl;n ug{ sfof{nosf] ljBdfg Joj‚yfkg lqmofzLn ƒx]sf] 5„

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L• cf}Bf}lus gLlt, @)^&, pBf]u dGqfno, sf7df8f}+„

• sDkgL P]g, @)%#

• sDkgL P]g, @)^#

• sDkgL lgb]{lzsf, @)^%

• sDkgL -ljB''tLo kmfOln+u_ lgb]{lzsf, @)^(

• bfdf;fxL ;DjGwgL P]g, @)^#

��pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;Dd[l4 / pBf]u If]q

k'?iff]Qd g]kfn ;x ;lrj, pBf]u dGqfno

cfufdL df3 dlxgf;Dddf ;a} txsf ;ƒsfƒx¿ cyf{t ‚yfgLo tx, k|b]z tx ƒ ;+3Lo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePkl5 d'n'sdf ƒfhgLlts ;+qmd0fsf] cGTo eO{ d'n's ;Dk"0f{ ?kdf cfly{s pTyfgsf] ;jfndf s]lGb|t x'g]5„ ;+ljwfgn] ;+3Lo g]kfnsf ;+3, k|b]z ƒ ‚yfgLo txsf] sfo{ lhDd]jfƒLafƒ] ‚ki6 uƒ]sf] 5„ ;+ljwfgdf ;j} txsf ;ƒsfƒsf] ;+o'Qm lhDd]jfƒL cGtu{t pNn]lvt sfo{lhDd]jfƒL klg ;ƒsfƒn] uƒ]sf] @)&# df3 @$ ut]sf] lg0f{on] ‚ki6 ulƒ;s]sf] 5„ xfn} ;DkGg k|b]z g+ @ afx]ssf cGo ;a} k|b]zsf ‚yfgLo txsf guƒkflnsf tyf ufpFkflnsfx¿df hgtfn] r'g]sf hgk|ltlglwx¿n] axfnL ulƒ;s]sf 5g†„ k|b]z g+ @ sf] ‚yfgLo lgjf{rg cfufdL cflZjg @ ut] ug]{ uƒL ldlt tf]ls;lsPsf] 5„ ;+j}wflgs ;do tflnsf leq} k|b]z ;ef ƒ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{ƒ0f cfof]u u7g ulƒ;s]sf] ƒ o;n] efb| dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftfleq lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{ƒ0f] ulƒ ;Sg]5„ o;af6 ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf ƒfhg}lts laifox¿ qmdzM sfof{Gjog x'g] ;'lglZrttf aGb} uPsf] 5„ xfn}df ePsf oL sbdx¿n] ca d'n'ssf] ;ƒsfƒL, lghL, ;xsfƒL tyf u}ƒ ;ƒsfƒL ;a} If]qnfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] Ph]08fdf s]lGb|t x'g dfu{ k|;‚t uƒ]sf] 5„

g]kfndf of]hgfa4 ljsf; k|of; ;'¿ ePsf] 5 bzs gf3]sf] 5„ o; cjlwdf d'n'ssf cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ef}lts ljsf;sf klƒ;"rsx¿df w]ƒ} u'0ffn] a[l4 ePsf 5g†„ d'n'ssf &% lhNnfx¿dWo] &# lhNnf ;bƒd'sfddf ;8s dfu{ k'u]sf] 5„ k"j{ klZrd ƒfhdfu{ g} d'n'ssf] k|d'v cfjthfjtsf] dfWod ƒx]sf] 5 eg] ca x'nfsL dfu{, dWo kxf8L dfu{sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePkl5 kx'Frsf] laifo ;j{;'ne x'g]5„ d'n'sdf xfn;Dddf @(!%& ls=dL= ;8s ;~hfn lgdf{0f ePsf] 5„ hnljB'ttkm{ klg hl8t Ifdtf slƒa &)) d]ufjf6 gf3]sf] 5 eg] cfufdL !) aif{leq of] !) xhfƒ d]ufjf6 eGbf a9L x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5„ ;~rfƒ If]qsf] k"jf{wfƒ ljsf; pT;fxhgs b]lvPsf] 5„ ;fdflhs If]qdf lzIff, ‚jf‚Yo, vfg]kfgL, ;ƒ;kmfO{df klg k|;‚t ljsf; ePsf 5g†„ s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;af6 vfBfGg tyf cGo pTkfbg a9]sf] 5 eg] jg If]qdf klg ljsf;sf] ;sfƒfTds c;ƒ kƒ]sf] 5„ -cfly{s

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

;j]]{If0f M @)&#_ pBf]u If]qdf klg ljleGg 7"nf, demf}nf ƒ ;fgf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ePsf 5g†„ d'n'sdf slƒa $!)) pBf]ux¿df @!# ca{ nufgL eO{ slƒa @ nfv hgfnfO{ ƒf]hufƒL k|fKt ePsf] 5„ oBlk ljZj cfly{s klƒj]z, lj1fg ƒ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pj+ dfgjsf] ef}lts hLjgdf cfTofjZos j‚t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{df cfPsf] ;xhkgf, ;~rfƒ If]qn] Plss[t uƒ]sf] ljZj ;d'bfo nufotsf sfƒ0fn] cGo b]zn] uƒ]sf] k|ult ƒ xfd|f] ;DefJotfsf] t'ngfdf xfdLn] xfn;Dd uƒ]sf] pknlAw s5'jf ultsf] afpGg] b]lvPsf]df o; If]qsf ljåfgx¿df dt}So ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„

d'n'sdf cem}klg hg;d'bfosf] 7"nf] lx‚;f lgƒk]If ulƒaLsf] ƒ]vfd'gL ƒx]sf] tyf sfd ƒ dfdsf] vf]lhdf ‚jb]z tyf ljb]zsf zxƒL If]qdf ef}tflƒg afWo ePsf 5g†„ ljut s]xL bzs b]lv cf}Bf]lus If]qdf cfPsf] luƒfj6n] ƒfi6«sf] phf{zLn hgzlQm ljb]z knfog eO{ hf]lvdo'Qm ƒf]hufƒLdf lge{ƒ ƒxg'kg]{ ePsf] ƒ ;f]sf] kmn‚j?k ƒfi6«sf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs d"Nodf x|f; cfPsf] 5„ slƒa $) nfv o'jfx¿ ƒf]hufƒLsf nflu cƒa tyf k"jL{ Pl;ofsf b]zx¿df knfog ePsf 5g†„ slƒa Ps bzsotf d'n'ssf] cy{tGq oLg} o'jfx¿n] ;fdfGotof cToGt tNnf]‚tƒsf hf]lvdo'Qm vƒfa, vtƒf ƒ sl7g sfdx¿ -3D Jobs_ uƒ]ƒ k7fPsf] ljk|]if0f cfosf] eƒdf ;~rfng eOƒx]sf] 5„ csf]{tkm{ g]kfndf ljk|]if0faf6 g]kfn leqg] ƒsdsf] cfsfƒ s"n ufXo{‚y pTkfbgsf] em08} #) k|ltzt ePsf] ePtfklg of] ƒsdnfO{ pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf k'gM nufgL ug{ g;lsPsf]n] pkef]udf a[l4 eO{ cfoftdf rfk kƒ]ƒ Jofkfƒ 3f6f aif]{gL a9†b} u}ƒx]sf] 5„ g]kfn ƒfi6« a}+sn] xfn} ;fj{hlgs uƒ]sf] tYof+s cg';fƒ ut cfly{s aif{ @)&#.&$ df g]kfnsf] Jofkfƒ 3f6fsf] cfsfƒ cem} a9†g uO{ *@* -*(^.%& — ^*.^@ ca{_ ca{ k'u]sf] 5„ -g]kfn ƒfi6«« a}+s M @)&$_

kl5Nnf] ƒfhgLlts klƒjt{gn] ‚yflkt uƒ]sf] gfulƒs clwsfƒ;Fu} ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf] cfly{s ljsf; ƒ ;d[4 ;dfh lgdf{0f sfo{ ƒfHosf] k|d'v sfo{;"rLdf kƒ]sf] 5„ d'n'ssf] ;+ljwfgn] clËsfƒ uƒ]sf gfulƒssf df}lns xs ƒ ƒfHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf gLlt casf] ljsf;sf dfu{bz{s ePsf 5g†„ xfdL;Fu ePsf ljutsf of]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf] cg'ejn] ca s;ƒL d'n'snfO{ ;d[l4tkm{ n}hfg] eGg] laifodf ‚ki6tf ;d]t cfPsf] 5„ o;}uƒL lehg @)#) ;DaGwL b‚tfj]hn] d'n'snfO{ ljsf;zLn ju{df ‚tƒf]Ggltsf nflu k|ltJolQm cfo @%)) 8nƒ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ b]vfPsf] 5„ o;sf nflu jflif{s & k|ltztsf] j[l4bƒ xfl;n ug'{kg]{ 5„ ;g† @)@@ leq b]znfO{ clt sd ljsl;taf6 ljsf;l;n b]zdf ?kfGtƒ0f ug{] 3f]lift p2]ZonfO{ k"ƒf ug{ ƒ ;g† @)#) ;Dd k'ƒf ug]{uƒL NofO{Psf] ljZjJofkL lbuf] ljsf;sf NfIox¿nfO{ k'ƒf ug{ pBf]u o‚tf] dfWod xf] h;n] cltsd ljsl;t d'n'ssf] cy{tGqnfO{ ljZj cy{tGq;Fu PsLsƒ0f uƒL cfo, ƒf]hufƒL ƒ cfly{s j[l4df dxTjk"0f{?kdf

��pBf]u / ljsf;

;3fp k'¥ofpg ;S5„ g]kfnsf] bL3{sflng cfly{s ;Dd[l4 ƒ0fgLltdf d'Vo cfly{s a[l4sf ;Dafxssf ?kdf hg;f+lVos ;+ƒrgf nfe, 7"nf] hg;+Vof ƒ cfsfƒ ePsf l5d]sL b]zx¿ efƒt ƒ rLgdf l;wf ;Dks{ -Connectivity_ ‚yflkt uƒL Jofkfƒdf lj‚tfƒ, a9L cfly{s a[l4 ;Defjgf ePsf hnljB't, ko{6g ƒ s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLsƒ0f ƒ k"jf{wfƒdf nufgLaf6 cfly{s a[l4sf] nIo xfl;n ug]{ c7f]6 ulƒPsf] 5„ oBlk o;df ljkb†sf] ;fdgf, hnjfo' klƒjt{g ƒ cfGtlƒs tyf afXo cfly{s em8†sfx¿sf] Joj‚yfkgdf eg] d'n'sn] kof{Kt Wofg lbg'kg]{ x'G5 -Envisioning 2030: NPC, 2016_„

;+o'Qm ƒfi6« ;+3n] cltsd ljsl;t ‚tƒaf6 ljsf;f]Gd'v ‚tƒdf hfg s'g}klg ƒfi6««nfO{ k|lt JolQm cf};t s'n ƒfli6«o cfo, dfgj ;DkQL ;"rs -HAI_ ƒ cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rs -EVI_ uƒL # dfkb08 lgwf{ƒ0f uƒ]sf] ƒ ltgsf] ;Ldf ;d]t lgwf{ƒ0f uƒ]sf] 5„ ;g† @)@@ ;Dd ljsf;f]Gd'v ‚tƒdf k'Ug g]kfnn] tLgdWo] Go"gtd @ dfkb08sf] lgwf{lƒt ;Ldf kfƒ ug{ cfjZos 5„ tLg dfkb08dWo] t]x|f}+ of]hgf cjlwdf k|ltJolQm s'n ƒfli6«o cfo cd]lƒsL 8nƒdf &!# af6 ()@ ƒ cfly{s hf]lvd ;"rs @&=*% af6 @^=(% k'Ug] cg'dfg ulƒPsf] of]hgf b‚tfj]hdf pNn]v 5 -t]x|f}+ of]hgf b‚tfj]h, ƒfof]cf_„ clxn] ƒfi6« ;+3n] k|ltJolQm cfo ;Ldf a9fPƒ !)#% 8nƒ k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] yk k'gƒfjnf]sg uƒL !@$@ 8nƒ k'¥ofpg] tofƒL ulƒPsf] 5„ csf]{tkm{ ljZjJofkLsƒ0fsf] sfƒ0f d'n'sdf kƒ]sf] cfly{s Pjd† ;fdflhs k|efj, e"sDknufotsf k|fs[lts k|sf]k Pjd† ljkb†af6 l;lh{t k'glg{df{0fsf] lhDd]jfƒL ƒ blIf0fL ;Ldf If]qdf ePsf] cjƒf]wsf sfƒ0f zLlyn ePsf] cy{tGqnfO{ lqmofzLn agfpg ƒ hgtfsf] ljsf;sf] cfsfª†IffnfO{ Ps;fy ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5„

ƒfli6«o hgu0fgf @)^* cg';fƒ jflif{s !=# k|ltztsf] j[l4bƒsf cfwfƒdf ulƒPsf] k|If]k0fcg';fƒ ;g† @)#) df g]kfnsf] s'n hg;+Vof # sƒf]8 #^ nfv k'Ug]5„ of] hg;+Vof cg'kftnfO{ ƒfv]ƒ x]bf{ g]kfnsf] s'n ufx{‚Yo pTkfbg -GDP_ xfnsf] ljlgdobƒnfO{ l‚yƒ dfGbf *$ ca{ cd]lƒsL 8nƒ cyf{t† *$ va{ g]kfnL ?k}ofF aƒfaƒ -xfnsf] @! ca{eGbf rfƒ u'0ff a9L_] x'g]5 . of] nIo xfl;n x'g] xf] eg] xfdL blIf0f Pl;ofsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] cy{tGq aGg] cj‚yfdf k'Ug]5f}+„ -uh]Gb| a'9fyf]sL M @)&#_

^^ k|ltzt hgtf s[lifdf cfl>t ePsf]n] s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLsƒ0f ƒ pTkfbsTj a[l4 geP;Dd oxfFsf] cfly{s ljsf;df km8†sf] dfg{ ;lsb}g„ cfly{s j[l4bƒnfO{ pRr kfg{ s[lif If]qdf e"dLsf] Plssƒ0f uƒL pTkfbgdf Jofj;foLsƒ0f, s[lif;+u ;DalGwt k"jf{wfƒx¿ h‚t} l;+rfO{, ;8s, s[lif ;+sng s]Gb|x¿sf] lgdf{0f, pGgt dn, lap tyf s[lif cf}hfƒx¿sf] ;j{;'ne pknAwtf, sd ;dodf pTkfbg x'g] vfWo tyf tƒsfƒLhGo ƒ pRr d"No sd tf}nsf afnLx¿sf] ljsf;, ldNbf afnLx¿sf] Plss[t tyf ;3g pTkfbg, Eofn' r]gsf] ljsf;


ƒ pkof]u, k|f];]l;+u pBf]ux¿sf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ljsf; tyf cfoft k|lt‚yfkg x'g] j‚t'x¿sf] pTkfbgdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg] tyf pkef]Qmfx¿sf] vfgf vfg] afgLdf qmdzM ;'wfƒ ;d]t ug{ ;s]df o;af6 cy{tGqdf 7"nf] of]ubfg k'Ug ;S5„ -s[lif cfw'lgsLsƒ0f of]hgfM @)&@_

8PkmcfO8Ln] uƒ]sf] Ps cWoog cg';fƒ cfly{s a[l4 g} ulƒaL Go'lgsƒ0fsf nflu k|d'v dfWod ePsf]n] clt sd ljsl;t, ljsf;f]Gd'v ƒ ljsf;zLn ;a}] ƒfi6«n] cfly{s a[l4nfO{ Wofg lbg' k5{„ o‚tf] cfly{s a[l4n] cj;ƒ ƒ ;Dd[l4sf] ;fª†nf] tofƒ ub{5 h‚n] ubf{ ƒf]hufƒLsf] cj;ƒ a9†g], ‚tƒLo Hofnfbƒ ƒ kflƒ>lds kfO{g], o;af6 cflh{t ;fwgn] ‚tƒLo ‚jf‚Yo ƒ lzIff k|bfg x'g] ƒ cGtTjf]uTjf JolQm ƒ klƒjfƒsf] hLjg‚tƒdf ;sfƒfTds klƒjt{g eO{ v';Ldf a[l4 x'G5 eg] nufgLdf ;d]t a[l4 x'G5„

j}b]lzs ƒf]hufƒLaf6 k|fKt cfon] cNksfndf cfgGb ƒ ;Gtf]if lbPtfklg bL3{sfndf o;n] Nofpg] c;ƒ ƒ klƒ0ffd eofjo x'G5„ bL3{sfndf d'n'sn] ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLsƒ0f ƒ ;'ƒIffdf lgs} 7"nf] nufgL ug'{k5{„ o; l‚yltnfO{ tTsfn} ;+jf]wg uƒL d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0f ub}{ ƒf]hufƒLsf yk cj;ƒx¿ l;h{gf ug]{ ƒ o'jf hgzlQmnfO{ b]z lgdf{0fdf ;+nUg uƒfpg ;d]t o; If]qdf ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5„ ef}lts k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f, ;dli6ut cfly{s ‚yfloTj sfod uƒL nufgLdf cfdljZjf; a9fpg'sf ;fy} cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒx¿ ljsf; uƒL d'n'snfO{ cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0f ƒ cfw'lgsLsƒ0f ug'{ kƒ]sf] 5„ cfGtlƒs pTkfbg tyf lgof{t Jofkfƒdf j[l4 ƒ s'n Jofkfƒ ljljwLsƒ0f uƒL Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ub}{ afXo ;Gt'ng ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{5„ 7"nf] ;ª†Vofsf] o'jfzlQmnfO{ k'FhL, k|ljlw ƒ ;Lk pknAw uƒfO{ d'n'sleq} ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf ug{'kg]{5„

cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] cfwfƒdf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lghL If]qsf] xsdf Joj;flos gfkmfn] Ifltk"lt{ u5{ eg] ;ƒsfƒL If]qn] ;fem]bfƒLdf ug]{ nufgLnfO{{ To;af6 x'g] pTkfbgdf a[l4, ƒf]hufƒLdf a[l4, sƒ ƒ cGo ck|ToIf nfeaf6 ;f]wegf{ k|fKt u5{„ cGo pTkfbg h‚tf] ;[hgfTdstf, gjk|jt{g h‚tf s'ƒfx¿sf] s'g} k|lt‚klw{ klg gx'g] ƒ o‚df ulƒg] nufgLaf6 pTkfbsTjdf a[l4 tyf klƒdf0ffTds nfe x'g uO{ ;dli6ut ?kdf d'n'ssf] cy{tGqn] utL lnO{ kmfobfd"ns x'g hfG5„ o;df b]z ljb]zdf cWoog ug{ uPsf tyf sfdsf] cg'ej k|fKt uƒ]sf JolQm ;d]t ;+nUg x'g] cj;ƒ k|;‚t x'g] ƒ b]zleqsf] hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ;d]t ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5„ g]kfndf lghL If]qsf] dfq geO{ j}b]lzs nufgLstf{x¿sf] klg cy{tGqdf ;xeflutf a9fpg' cklƒxfo{ eO;s]sf] 5„ o;sf nflu Joj;fo ug]{ jf nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0fdf ;'wfƒ ug'{ lgtfGt h?ƒL 5„ o;df ;ƒsfƒsf] e"ldsf ;xhstf{sf]

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?kdf ƒxg] gLlt cg'?k Joj;flos jftfjƒ0f ;'wfƒ ug{ cfjZos gLltut kxn g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] ug'{ cfjZos 5„

d'n'snfO{ lta| cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;3fpg] csf]{ tTj eg]sf] >ldssf] pknAwtf ƒ pTkfbsTj a[l4 xf]„ g]kfndf hg;+Vofsf] ;+ƒrgfn] o'jf hg;+Vofsf] c+z cGoqsf] t'ngfdf a9L ePsf]n] hg;+Vofljb†x¿ o;sf] nfef+z lng ;Sg'kg]{ atfpF5g†„ o‚tf] cj‚yf lgs} nfdf] cGtƒfndf dfq cfpg] ePsf]n] b]zn] o;sf] nfe lng ljz]if sfo{qmd Nofpg'kg]{ x'G5„ hg;f+lVos ;+ƒrgfsf] o‚tf] nfe xfdLn] cGo b]zdf o'jf >dzlQm lgsf;L uƒ]ƒ pknAw uƒfPsf 5f}+„ d'n'snfO{ lta| cf}Bf]lusƒ0fdf n}hfg ;s]df ljb]zdf knfog ePsf] >dzlQm g]kfndf g} ;+efjgf b]v]kl5 qmdzM ‚jb]zdf g} kms{g yfNg]5„ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; uƒL >dzlQmsf] pTkfbsTj a[l4sf] sfo{qmd ;+u;+u} ;~rfng ug{ ;lsPdf cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg a9†b} hfg]5„

cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0fnfO{ tLj| ƒ lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] OlGhg g} dfGg] ulƒG5„ g]kfndf cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0fsf] cfƒDe ePsf] cf7 bzs gfl3;s]sf] ePklg xfd|f] cf}Bf]lus If]qn] s'n ufx{‚Yo pTkfbg -GDP_ df s]jn %=$ k|ltztsf] dfq of]ubfg ƒfV5 -cfly{s ;j]{If0f M @)&$_„ s'g} ;dodf hL8LkLsf] !( k|ltzt c+z k'lu;s]sf] lgdf{0f, pBf]u ƒ ljB't, Uof; tyf kfgL If]q ;d]l6Psf] låtLo If]qsf] of]ubfg clxn] !#=% k|ltztdf emƒ]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0f ƒ pBdzLntfafƒ] xfd|f] a'emfOn] klg o; If]qsf] lj‚tfƒdf ;d‚of kflƒƒx]sf] 5„ 7"nf pBf]u–Joj;fo ‚yfkgf ug{] xfd|f] Ifdtf sdhf]ƒ ePtfklg g]kfnsf] cj‚yf ƒ klƒj]zcg's"nsf 3ƒ]n', ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿sf] ‚yfkgf ƒ lj‚tfƒnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbg' cTofjZos 5„ ljz]if uƒL ‚yfgLo sRrfkbfy{df cfwflƒt pBf]u–Joj;fosf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ k|j4{gsf nflu ƒfHon] k|j4{gsfƒL e"ldsfdf yk ldx]gt ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„ g]kfnsf] cfˆgf] ahfƒ ƒ ;Ifdtfcg';fƒ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]ux¿ g} xfd|f] cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0fsf cfwfƒ x'g ;S5g† ƒ ltgnfO{ dlxnf pBdLn] ;d]t ;an 9+un] g]t[Tj ug{ ;S5g† eGg] 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]ux¿sf] ljutsf] cg'ejaf6 l;Sg ;lsG5„

nufgLsf] jftfj/0f M cy{zf‚qLx¿sf cg';fƒ g]kfnnfO{ ljsf;zLn cy{tGqdf ‚tƒf]Gglt ug{ jflif{s cf};t & k|ltztsf] j[l4bƒ cfjZos k5{„ o;sf nflu ƒfHo ƒ lghL If]qn] cf};t aflif{s !@=% va{ nufgL ug{'kg]{ x'G5, h;dWo] lghL If]qn]dfq} jflif{s cf};t * va{ @% ca{ nufgL ug{'k5{„ tƒ ljleGg ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿n] ;do ;dodf g]kfndf nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f gePsf] eg]ƒ laifo p7fg ug]{ uƒ]sf] kfOG5„ cem sltn] v'n]ƒ} g]kfndf nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f


gaGg'sf] k5l8 oxfFsf] sdhf]ƒ zflGt–;'ƒIff Pj+ cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIff, u}ƒƒfHo kIfsf] x‚tIf]k ƒf]Sg g;Sg', bzsf}+ b]lvsf] ƒfhgLlts cl‚yƒtf, ljz]if ‚yfgx¿df cldNbf] Ifdtf ePsf sd{rfƒLx¿sf] afx'Notf, gfkmfsf] ;'lglZrttfdf c‚ki6tf ƒ ‚yfgLo cGo ‚yfgLo ;d‚ofx¿ jfws ƒx]sf] eGg] uƒ]sf 5g† -g]pjf;+3M @)&#_„ o; k|;+udf nufgL d}qL jftfjƒ0f eg]sf] s] xf] < ƒ s] s‚tf] gLltut tyf Joj‚yfkgsf] jftfjƒ0f lgdf{0f uƒ]df nufgL d}qL cj‚yf l;h{gf x'G5 < eGg] laifo pBf]u k|zf;g;+u ;DalGwtsf] nflu hl6ntfsf] laifo aGg] uƒ]sf] 5„ o; ;DaGwdf cWoog ubf{ b]xfosf] cj‚yf l;h{gf ePdf nufgL d}qL cj‚yf l;h{gf x'g] k"j{ cg'ejaf6 l;sfO ePsf] 5 M

s_ pBf]ux¿ ‚yfkgf, ;~rfng ƒ alxu{dgdf ;ƒsfƒL lgsfoaf6 ulƒg] sfƒafxLsf] k|s[ofut ‚ki6tf ƒ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf tf]lsPsf] sfd x'g] cj‚yfÙ

v_ a}+lsª If]qaf6 k|f]h]S6 kmfOgflG;ªsf] Joj‚yf ƒ pBf]u ;~rfng ubf{ x'g] d'gfkmfnfO{ k"gn{ufgL jf ;lhn};+u lkmtf{ n}hfg ;lsg] cj‚yfÙ

u_ pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ h‚t} hUuf, >d, k|ljlw ƒ pBdzLntfsf] k|flKt ƒ pkof]udf ;ƒntfÙ

3_ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒx¿ h‚t} ;8s, ljB't, kfgL ƒ cGo laifox¿df kof{Kt kx'Frsf] cj‚yfÙ

ª_ ƒfhgLlts l‚yƒtf ƒ zflGt ;'ƒIff Pj+ cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIffsf] Joj‚yfÙ

r_ cWoog cg';Gwfg ƒ af}l4s ;DklQ ;+ƒIf0fsf] Joj‚yfÙ

5_ sƒ tyf cGo k|f]T;fxgsf Kofs]hx¿sf] Joj‚yfÙ

h_ pBf]u d}qL >d sfg"g ƒ pTkfbg aGb uƒ]ƒ aGb x8†tfn ug{ gkfOg] gLltut Joj‚yfÙ ƒ

em_ ;ƒsfƒL lgsfox¿aLr ;dGjo ƒ ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ Psåfƒ gLlt„

oL laifox¿sf ;DaGwdf gLltut lx;fan] g]kfndf w]ƒ} k|ult ePsf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&#, sDkgL -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)&#, af}l4s ;DklQ ;+ƒIf0f gLlt, @)&# n] w]ƒ} laifo ‚ki6 kfƒ]sf 5g†„ gofF >d ljB]os ;+;bdf ljrfƒflwg 5„ oBkL ljleGg ;ƒf]sfƒjfnfx¿n] gLltut Joj‚yfsf] sfof{Gjogdf aflif{s ?kdf cfpg] cfly{s P]g tyf cGo k|rlnt P]g tyf gLltx¿af6 cem} Jojwfg ƒx]sf] u'gf;f] ug{ 5f]8]sf 5}gg†„

g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3 tyf g]kfn pBf]u klƒ;+3 h‚tf lghLIf]qsf k|ltlglwd"ns ;+‚yfx¿n] cfˆgf dfux¿ ;ƒsfƒ ;dIf k|‚t't ubf{ pTkfbgd'ns pBf]udf nufgL a9fpg

��pBf]u / ljsf;

;ƒsfƒn] sRrf kbfy{ ;xh ?kdf ;'ky d"Nodf pknAw uƒfpg], sRrf kbfy{ cfoftdf eG;fƒ 36fpg], ?U0f tyf k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]ux¿df cg'bfgsf] Joj‚yf ug]{ sfo{ uƒ]df o;df ;'wfƒ cfpg], pmhf{sf] lgƒGtƒ pknAwtf, af6f]3f6f]sf] ;'ljwf, ƒ zflGt l‚yƒtf tyf ;'ƒIff cg'e"lt ePdf nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f aGg ;Sg] pNn]v uƒ]sf 5g†„ nufgL lagf s'g} klg d'n'ssf] cy{tGq ;an x'g g;Sg] lglZrt 5„ ;an cy{tGq lagf ;d[l4 c;Dej 5„

vf; uƒ]ƒ ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBf]usf] nflu pBf]u z'? nfut, nufgL a}+s;+u k"FhL nufgL kx'Fr, pBf]u;+u ;DalGwt sfo{ljlw ƒ To;sf] kfngfdf ƒx]sf hl6ntfx¿, ;fj{hlgs k|zf;lgs ;]jfsf] ;sfƒfTds ;f]r ƒ ‚tƒ cflbn] cf}Bf]lus nufgL ƒ pBf]u ;~rfngdf k|ToIf c;ƒ kfg]{ o;sf ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf atfpF5g„ o;}uƒL pBf]unfO{ cfjZos nufgL h'6fpg ;'ƒlIft, kfƒbzL{, eƒkbf]{ ƒ cfjZostf k'ƒfug]{ uƒL nufgL ug]{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+‚yfsf] pknAwtf tyf eƒkbf]{ ljQLo ;"rgf k|0ffnL klg ƒf]hufƒL ƒ cfly{s a[l4sf nflu clt cfjZos 5„ cf}Bf]lus ;xhsfƒL ƒ lgofds lgsfosf] sfo{k|s[of ƒ sfg"gL k|fjwfgn] klg cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ x'G5g†„ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒdf ;fj{hlgs lghL nufgL, eƒkbf]{ ljB't cfk"lt{, OG6ƒg]6, kmf]g nufot ;~rfƒ ;'ljwf, ;'ud oftfoft k|0ffnL ƒ ahfƒ ;"rgf k|0ffnLn] klg o;df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5„ cf}Bf]lus sRrfkbfy{sf] ‚jb]zdf g} pknAwtf ƒ ljb]zaf6 cfoft ug'{kg]{ ePdf ;ƒn ƒ ;xof]uL cfoft k|0ffnLn] klg pBf]u km‚6fpg ;xof]u u5{g†„

8'OË lahg];sf] cGtƒf{li6«o k|ltjb]g Ps k|d'v ;"rs xf]„ ;g† @))^ df pQm k|ltj]bgsf] %% cf}+ ‚yfgdf ƒx]sf] g]kfn ;g† @)!& df ljZjsf !() b]zdWo] !)& cf+} ‚yfgdf cfOk'u]sf] 5„ of] k|ltj]bgn] g]kfn Joj;fo ‚yfkgfdf !)( cf}, lgdf{0f Joj;fo;+usf] sfƒf]afƒ ;xhtfdf !@# cf}, ljB't cfk"lt{df !#! cf}, ;DklQ btf{df &@ cf}+ ƒ nufgLsf] nflu C0f ;xhtfdf !#( cf} ‚yfgdf ƒx]sf] b]vfPsf] 5„ bf];|f] rƒ0fsf] cfly{s ;'wfƒ sfo{qmd NofO{ g]kfndf Joj;fo ug]{ jftfjƒ0f ;xh agfPƒ o‚tf k|ltjb]gdf ‚tƒf]lGgt ub}{ g]kfnL tyf ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿sf] g]kfnL cy{tGqdfly ljZjf; cem b[9 kfb}{ nfg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5„

g]kfnsf] cfly{s ;Dd[l4sf] s'ƒf ubf{ rLgn] xfl;n uƒ]sf] k|ultnfO{ pbfxƒ0f lbg] ulƒG5„ rLgn] cGo k"jL{ Pl;ofnL b]zx¿sf] h‚t} d'n'snfO{ cf}Bf]lusƒ0f ug]{, cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒdf v'nfkg Nofpg], ljQLo ahfƒnfO{ qmlds ?kdf pbfƒLsƒ0f ug]{ df]8]n ckfgfPsf]n] o;sf] klg cfly{s a[l4sf] bƒ lgs} pT;fxhgs x'g k'Uof]„ o; cGtu{t ljleGg cf}Bf]lus k|ljlw klZrdf b]zaf6 cfoft ulƒof] eg] sltko cfkm} cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 ljsf; ug'{sf ;fy} >dzlQmnfO{ Ifdtfjfg agfpg] sfd ;d]t ulƒof] -bQM @))%_. >d sfg"gnfO{ ;d]t nufgLstf{ d}qL agfOof]„


o;af6 pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj a9†g uO{ ;‚tf]df u'0f‚tƒLo ;fdfgx¿ ljb]z lgsf;L ;d]t ;Dej eof]„ ljZjsf Hofbfh;f] b]zdf rfOlgh ;fdfg k'Ug yfn] ƒ k|lt‚kwf{df cAan b]lvP„ oxL cjlwdf rLgn] b]zeƒL g} cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒsf] pNn]vgLo ljsf; ug{ ;Sof]„ nufgLdf ePsf jfwf c8†rgx¿ x6«g uPkl5 ƒ nfe b]lvPsf]n] rLgdf nufgLstf{sf] cf]Oƒf] nfUg yfNof]„ cy{zf‚qL cƒlaGb ;'a|d0odn] ;g† @)#) leq rLg ljZjJofkL hL8LkLsf] !* k|ltzt lx‚;f;lxt ljZjs} klxnf] cy{tGq aGg] ƒ efƒt ^=# k|ltztsf] lx‚;f;lxt t];|f] 7"nf] cy{tGq aGg] k|If]k0f uƒ]sf 5g†„ o; ;dodf !)=! k|ltztsf] lx‚;f;lxt cd]lƒsf bf];|f] cy{tGq x'g]5„ b'O{j6f tftf] efF8fsf aLrdf Pp6f lr;f] efF8f] ƒfVof] eGof] Tof] klg tfT5 eGg] dfGotf 5„ g]kfnsf pQƒL ƒ blIf0fL l5d]sL b]zsf] cy{tGq ljZjs} klxnf] ƒ t];|f] cy{tGq eP eg] To;sf] kf]lvPsf] k|efj -l‚kn cf]eƒ Okm]S6_ n] xfd|f] cy{tGq klg kSs} prfNg] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5„ tƒ s] xfdL o;sf] nflu tofƒL xfntdf 5f}+ t < eGg] k|Zgsf] pQƒ vf]Hg] hdsf]{df ;a}n] nfUg'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5„

PgcfƒPgsf ;+‚yfks cWoIf 8f= pk]Gb| dxtf]sf cg';fƒ g]kfnsf] ;a} If]q elh{g cj‚yfdf 5„ oxfF h‚tf];'s} klƒof]hgf jf Joj;fodf klg nufgL u¥of] eg] klg nfebfos x'g] b]lvG5„ 7"nf nufgLstf{b]lv lnPƒ ;fgf ƒ yf]ƒ} nufgL ug]{sf nflu klg oxfF cj;ƒ b]lvG5g†„ pbfxƒ0fsf nflu 7"nf nufgLstf{sf nflu hnljB't pTkfbgdf nufgLsf cj;ƒ 5g†, dWod vfnsf] nufgLstf{sf nflu ko{6g jf s[lif pBf]udf nufgLsf cj;ƒ 5g†„ ;fgf nufgLstf{sf nflu ;]jfIf]qdf nufgLsf cj;ƒ 5g† ƒ lgs} sd nufgLaf6 cufl8 a9†g rfxfg]sf nflu eg] kz' ƒ s[lif pTkfbgsf] If]qdf u'0f‚tƒ a[l4 ƒ k|f];]l;ª ug]{ laifodf nufgLsf cj;ƒ 5g†„ To;sfƒ0f g]kfndf ;a} vfnsf] nufgLsf] If]q v'nf 5„ jf‚tjdf b]zdf ;fdflhs l‚yƒtfsf nflu ƒ ;a}sf] aLrdf ƒfd|f] ;DaGw xf];† eGgsf nflu ;fgf ƒ demf}nfdf a9L hf]8 lbg'k5{„ o;n] ubf{ ;dfhdf ‚yfloTj NofpF5, ;dfhdf ƒfd|f] jftfjƒ0f aG5„ 7"nf nufgLnfO{ klg hf]8 lbg'k5{, tƒ 7"nf nufgLnfO{ dfq x]bf{ ;fgf nufgLnfO{ cf]em]ndf kg]{ cj‚yf l;h{gf x'g' xF'b}g„

af6f]sf] eƒkbf]{ kx'Fr gePs} sfƒ0f ko{6gsf cyfx ;Defjgf af]s]sf g]kfnsf b'u{d If]qx¿ hxfF hnljB't pTkfbg, kmnkm'n, kz'kfng, j]df};dL v]tL, lxdfnL hl8a'6L k|zf]wg cflbsf] ckfƒ ;Defjgf ƒx]sf 5g† k"jf{wfƒdf nufgL gePƒ ulƒjLdf afFRg' kƒ]sf] 5„ pbfxƒ0fsf] nflu xfn jLkL–dfu{sf] cf;kf;sf If]qx¿ laz]if uƒ]ƒ l;Gw'nL If]qsf hgtfsf] hLjgdf klƒjt{gsf ;+s]tx¿ b]lvO;s]sf 5g†„ kf]vƒf, wgs'6f, h'Dnf, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, 88]nw'ƒf cflbdf af6f]n] ‚yfgLo cy{tGqdf kfƒ]sf ;sfƒfTds k|efj x]bf{ l7s 9+usf af6f]x¿n] ;d[l4sf] cleofg z'? uƒfpg] lrlgofF egfO{ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df klg nfu' x'G5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus/0fdf klxrfg ul/Psf r'gf}ltx¿-!_ nufgLd}qLjftfj/0flgdf{0fM ;ƒsfƒn] pBf]u ;~rfngsf] nflu cfjZos k"jf{wfƒsf]

lgdf{0f, ‚tƒLsƒ0f ƒ ljsf; ug'{k5{„ pBf]u If]qdf cfjZos k"jf{wfƒx¿df ;8s, ejg, ‚tƒLo ƒ lgƒGtƒ ljB't cfk"lt{, cf}Bf]lus tyf lkpg] kfgL, cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIff ƒ pBf]u d}qL >d sfg"g ƒ ;f]sf] k|zf;g g} xf]„ ;ƒsfƒn] cf}Bf]lus jftfjƒ0f tofƒ ubf{ nufgLnfO{ cfsif{0f ug'{sf] cnfjf ahfƒ k|lt‚kwf{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{ k5{ eg] pBf]uLn] klg ahfƒsf] dfu cg';fƒ cfk†mgf pTkfbgsf] ljljlwsƒ0f tyf ‚tƒLsƒ0f ƒ ƒfli6«o tyf If]qLo‚tƒdf Plssƒ0f tyf ;dfof]hg ug{ tTkƒ x'g' cTofjZos x'G5„

-@_ cfGtl/styfafXonufgLa[l4Mcfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu ;ƒsfƒn] nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f tofƒ kfƒ] ljb]zLs} xft klv{ƒxg' kb}{g„ s'g} sDkgL jf ;+‚yfn] ;]oƒ lgisf;g ubf{ caf{+} k};f h'6fpg ;Sg] g]kfnLx¿ ;'ƒlIft nufgLsf] kvf{Odf b]lvG5g†„ o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ;fgf tyf demf}nf ‚tƒsf nufgLsf nflu k};fsf] cefj 5}g„ xfd|f] cfF6 ƒ lxDdt eP k'U5„ xfdLn] b]zleq} ePsf ;Defjgfx¿ ku]{Ng ;Sg'k5{„ cfkm";Fu ePsf ;|f]t;fwgx¿nfO{ clwstd pkof]u ug{ ;s] To;n] ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf u5{„ o;n] cy{tGqnfO{ lbuf] ƒ dha't agfpF5„ cGttM o;n] 5f]6f] ;dodf 7"nf] cfly{s km8†sf] dfg{ ;Sg] jftfjƒ0f lgdf{0f u5{„

-#_ pBf]usf]:yfkgfMcy{tGqnfO{ cfTdlge{ƒ agfpg] xf] eg] 7"N7"nf pBf]uwGbf tyf snsfƒvfgfx¿ vf]Ng'k5{„ ƒf]hufƒLsf] l;h{gf x'g'k5{„ 7Ls pN6f] b]zdf ePsf tyf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf pBf]ux¿ w]ƒ} aGb eO;s] ƒ s]xL aGb x'g] qmddf 5g†„ o;ƒL gofF pBf]ux¿ vf]Ng ;lsg] jftfjƒ0f klg gx'g] ƒ eOƒx]sf pBf]ux¿ klg aGb x'Fb} uPkl5 cy{tGq wƒfzfoL x'G5„

-$_ /fhg}lts l:y/tf tyf ljsf; M ƒfhgLlts l‚yƒtf nfdf] cGtƒfndf qmdzM x'b} cfPsf] ƒ ;a} ƒfhgLlts bn aLr ljsf; ƒ ;Dd[l4df cfd ;xdlt b]lvPsf] 5 tƒ o;nfO{ s;ƒL Jojxflƒs ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] k"j{ tofƒL sd 5 ƒ ‚ki6 ƒ0fgLlt aGg ;s]sf] 5}g„ b]zsf] ljsf; k|lqmofdf hgtf g} ljsf;sf] s]Gb|laGb' x'g'k5{„ To;}n] d'n'ssf] cfly{s Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df hgtfn] ckgTj ƒ ‚jfldTj lng] cj‚yf x'g' k5{„ o;f] ePdf dfq ljsf; sfo{sf] cg'udg, lguƒfgLdf ;DalGwt If]qsf hgtf ;lqmo x'g]x'G5g†„

-%_ cf}Bf]luskof{j/0fMpTkfbsTj a[l4 g} k|lt‚kwf{df vƒf] pqg] Ps clt dxTjk"0f{ tTj xf]„ o;sf] cnfjf Joj;flos jftfjƒ0fsf r'gf}lt ;fdfgf ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf


;kmntfsf] nflu cTofjZos 5„ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;nfO{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs, jftfjƒ0fLo ƒ ;+‚yfut cfofdx¿sf] ;du|tfdf lgƒGtƒ ljZn]if0f ƒ gLltut ;'wfƒ ug]{ ƒ0fgLlt clVtofƒ ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g„ cfGtlƒs tyf afXo ahfƒsf] ljZn]if0f, k|lt‚kwf{ ƒ u'0f‚tƒ k|ltsf] ;hutfdf Wofg lbg ;lsPsf] 5}g„ pBf]u dGqfnon] ljsf; uƒ]sf] gLlt, sfo{gLlt ƒ ƒ0fgLltdf cf}Bf]lus jftfjƒ0f tofƒ ug]{ s'ƒfnfO{ lj‚t[t ?kdf pNn]v ulƒPsf] ePtfklg cf}Bf]lus kof{jƒ0fnfO{ s;ƒL ;sfƒfTds agfpg] eGg] laifodf lgs} sfd ug{ afFsL 5„

-^_ ;[hgzLntf / gjk|jt{g M cf}Bf]lus ;kmntfsf] nflu ;[hgzLntf, sfo{bIftf, gjLgtf ƒ gjk|jt{g h‚tf laifox¿sf] vf]hL cg';Gwfg ƒ ljsf; dfkm{t uƒL ;~rfng ;kmntf xfl;n ug{'kg]{ x'G5„ o;sf] nflu Joj‚yfksLo sfo{s'zntf, pko'Qm Joj‚yfksLo z}nL, nfut s"zn pTkfbg klƒdf0f, pko'Qm ƒ cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, hgzlQm Joj‚yfkg ƒ lgƒGtƒ Ifdtf ljsf; h‚tf s'ƒfx¿ cToGt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g†„ pBf]u If]qaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;fwgaf6 pBf]udf g} k"gn{ufgL ug]{ ƒ ;j{;fwfƒ0fsf] nflu ljsf;sf s'ƒfx¿ h‚t} ‚tƒLo ‚jf‚yf]krfƒ, ƒfd|f] ƒ lgz'Ns lzIff, ;8s, 9n lgsf;, lah'nL, cfjf; ejg tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs ;ƒf]sfƒsf laifodf ;fdflhs pQƒbfloTj cGtu{t pBf]u cfkm}n] jf ;ƒsfƒdfkm{t yk nufgL ug{ ;Dej x'G5„ o;sf] Joj‚yfkg g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df pko'Qm 9+un] x'g g;s]sf] u'gf;f] ;j{;fwfƒ0fsf] ƒxg] uƒ]sf] 5„

-&_ pTkfbgljljlws/0f/pTkfbsTja[l4Mg]kfn h‚tf] hghLljsfsf cTofjZos s'ƒfx¿ ljb]zaf6 cfoft uƒ]ƒ k'ƒf ug'{kg]{ cj‚yf ePsf] ƒ Joj;fo ‚yfkgf ePsf] aiff}{;Dd klg o;sf] a[l4 clt ;fdfGo‚tƒdf dfq ePsf] ‚yfgdf ;kmntd pBf]uLn] cfh{g ug{;Sg] nfex¿ k|z‚t 5g†„ pTkfbg If]qdf u'0f‚tƒ ƒ pTkfbsTj a[l4 ug]{ k|z‚t u'Ghfo;x¿ b]lvPsf 5g†„ s]xL pBf]ukltx¿ kƒ+kƒfut k|ljlw ƒ xfnsf] pTkfbgnfO{ g} aiff}{+ b]lv lgƒGtƒtf lbO{ pTkfbg ljljlwsƒ0f ƒ pTkfbsTj a[l4df sd Wofg lbPsf] b]lvG5„ o;n] ahfƒdf ;fdfgsf] dfunfO{ ;fljssf] ‚tƒdf sfod ƒfVg g;sL Joj;fo cf]ƒfnf] nfUb} uPsf] kfOG5„ o;}n] pTkfbg ljljlwsƒ0f, pTkfbsTj ;'wfƒ ƒ t'ngfTds ?kdf a9L ;kmn b]lvPsf Joj;flos If]qdf sd pTkfbsTj b]lvPsf If]qaf6 nufgL ‚yfgfGtƒ0f ug{ ;lsPdf ;kmntfsf] cg'kft a9†g ;Sg] b]lvG5„

-*_ >ldsd}qL>dsfg"gMxfd|f] b]zdf pBf]uL >d ;DaGwdf ePsf sfg"gx¿ pBf]usf] ;kmntf eGbf >ldsn] sfd uƒ]klg guƒ]klg a9L nfe kfpg] lslzdsf] 5„ pBf]usf]

��pBf]u / ljsf;

u'0ffTds ljsf;sf] nflu o‚tf] >d sfg"gnfO{ ;sfƒfTds dflgb}g„ pBf]ukltx¿sf cg';fƒ o‚tf] sfg"gsf] sfƒ0faf6 pBf]udf >lds cfk"lt{ ƒ cjsf;df nfut a9†g hfg], g]kfnL >lds egf{ uƒ]kl5 pBf]usf] l‚ylt h] h‚tf] ePklg >lds Joj‚yfkgdf ;d‚of x'g], pBf]usf] nflu cfjZos ;Lk ƒ bIftf ePsf >lds ahfƒdf gkfOg] h‚tf ;d‚ofx¿n] pBf]uLx¿ lkl8t ePsf 5g†„ csf]{tkm{ >ldsx¿sf] cfjfh cs}{ 5 h;cg';fƒ pBf]uLx¿n] gfkmfdf dfq Wofg lbg] ƒ pkef]Qmf tyf >ldsnfO{ 7uL rfF8} wgLx'g vf]Hg] k|j[lt klg a[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] 5„ o;n] ubf{ pkef]Qmf lxt, >lds lxt, pBf]usf] ;fdflhs pQƒbfloTj h‚tf s'ƒfx¿df bjfjsf] l;h{gf jf gsfƒfTds c;ƒ kfg{;s]df dfq ;Daf]wg ug]{ klƒkf6L a9†b} uPsf]n] >ldsx¿ pBf]ukltnfO{ bjfj lbg afWo 5g†„ oL b'a} ts{x¿ cf—cfˆg} 7fpFdf l7s ePklg pBf]u km‚6fpg pBf]uklt >lds ;DaGw ;sfƒfTds x'g} k5{„ ;fd'lxs ;f}bfafhLdf l;ldt x'g'kg]{ >d ;DaGwdf d'n'ssf] ƒfhgLlts dfxf]nn] k|ToIf k|efj kfƒ]sf] ƒ o;n] pBf]usf] ‚j‚Yo ljsf;df gsfƒfTds c;ƒ kfƒ]sf]df ;a}n] ‚jLsfƒ uƒ]sf 5g†„

-(_ ;bfrfl/tfM pBf]uL ƒ pBf]u k|zf;gsf] ;bfrflƒtfdf cfPsf] ‚vngn] klg g]kfndf pBf]u km‚6fpg ;s]sf 5}gg†„ cem lgjf{rg dx+uf] x'b} hfg' ƒ ƒfhgLlts bn tyf sfo{stf{ ƒ ‚yfgLo d;n zlQmsf] k|efj ƒ o;n] pBf]u If]qdf kfg]{ bjfj ƒ rfknfO{ sd ug{ g;s];Dd of] laifo hlxn] klg rrf{sf] lzvƒdf ƒxg] b]lvG5„ o‚tf s'ƒfn] s]xL l;ldt JolQmnfO{ cNk ;dosf] nflu ;sfƒfTds of]ubfg uƒ]tfklg pBf]uIf]qsf] ;du| pGglt ƒ ‚j‚Yo ljsf;df gsfƒfTds c;ƒ g} kfƒ]sf] b]lvG5„

-!)_ ljljw M cGtƒf{li6«o Jofkfƒdf ƒx]sf Jofkflƒs cjƒf]wx¿, s[lif pTkfbgsf] lgsf;Ldf ƒx]sf Jojwfgx¿ ƒ sf]6f k|0ffnL, bL3{sflng of]hgf ƒ ‚ki6 sfo{lbzf tyf k|fyldstf ljgf s[lifdf hyfefjL lbOg] cg'bfg ƒ pbfƒ cfoft gLltn] s[lifdf cfwflƒt pBf]ux¿ d'n'sdf km‚6fpg g;s]sf] Joj;foLx¿ atfpF5g†„

pBf]u If]qsf] ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿ g]kfnsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf; ug{ ljleGg ƒ0fg}lts ;Defjgfx¿ b]lvPsf 5g†„

-s_ hnljB't pTkfbghnljB'tdfnufgLM

• g]kfndf hnljB't ljsf;nfO{ cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒsf] ?kdf ƒ g]kfnaf6 lgsf;L ulƒg] pTkfbgsf ?kdf uƒL b'Oj6f cfofdaf6 x]lƒg' k5{ -NPC: 2016_„ o;ƒL x]bf{ cfufdL Ps bzs leq g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;nfO{ tLa| kfg{ ;lsPdf

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

cfGtlƒs vkt g} slƒa !) xhfƒ d]ufjf6 k'Ug ;Sg] b]lvG5 eg] lgsf;Lsf] s'ƒf ubf{ ;‚tf] pTkfbg ƒ k|zfƒ0f nfOg lj‚tfƒ ug{ ;lsPdf blIf0f Pl;ofsf e'6fg afx]s k|foM ;a} d'n'sdf a9†bf] ljB't dfunfO{ xfd|f] pTkfbgn] ;Daf]wg ug{ ;S5„

• d'n'sdf pknAw lxdfno tyf dxfefƒt kxf8df d'xfg eO{ tLa| axfj ePsf gbLaf6 axg] hn>f]taf6 ljB't pTkfbgdf nufgL a9fO{ ljB't cfk"lt{ a9fpg] k|z‚t ;Defjgf ƒx]sf] 5„ de†mof}nf ƒ s]xL 7"nf hnljB't cfof]hgfdf ‚jb]zL tyf j}b]lzs nufgLsf nflu ljB't ljsf; ljefuaf6 k|;‚t cg'dltx¿ lbOPsf 5g†„ o‚tf cfof]hgfx¿df sltko cfof]hgfx¿ ƒg ckm lb lƒeƒ k|s[ltsf 5g† eg] s]xL cfof]hgf 7"nf] afFw agfO{ lƒhEjf{oƒdf glbsf] kfgL ;~ro uƒL ljB't pTkfbg ug]{ k|s[ltsf 5g†„ o;ƒL nfO;]G; lnPsf nufgLstf{ dWo] sltko nufgLstf{n] lj‚t[t klƒof]hgf k|‚tfj tofƒ uƒL 8†ofd ƒ ljB't u[x lgdf{0f ug]{ rƒ0fdf sltko pTkfbg k|s[of yfngL ug]{‚tƒdf ;d]t k'uL;s]sf 5g† eg] sltkosf] lklkP, l8lkcfƒ ;d]t x'g afFsL ƒx]sf] 5„ ljB't pTkfbg ƒ ljB't k|zfƒ0f nfOg lj‚tfƒ b'a}df k|;‚t nufgL cfjZostf k5{„ To;}n] ;ƒsfƒn] nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f agfO{lbg], a}+s kmfOgflG;ªsf] jftfjƒ0f ldnfO{ lbg], lgof{tsf] nfuL l5d]sL b]zx¿;+u cfly{s s'6gLlt klƒrfng ug]{ h‚tf sfd ug{ l9nf] eO;s]sf] pBf]ukltx¿ atfpF5g†„

hnljB'tsf] cfGtlƒs vkt M o;ƒL pTkflbt ljB't ‚jb]zdf g} vkt a9fpg cf}Bf]lus sn sfƒvfgf, vfgL, ljleGg k|zf]wg pBf]ux¿, ;fj{hlgs oftfoft k|0ffnL ljz]if uƒ]ƒ ljB'tLo ƒ]n, a; h‚tf 7"nf oftfoftsf ;fwgdf, ;fdflhs If]q h‚t} lzIff ƒ ‚jf‚Yo pksƒ0fx¿ tyf 6]nL d]l8;Lg, ljB'tLo ;~rfƒ ƒ 3ƒfo;L If]qsf] ;Dk"0f{ OGwg pkef]udf ljB't k|of]u ug{ hf]8 ubf{ xfns} dfu k|If]k0f cg';fƒ klg aflif{s slƒa $ xhfƒ b]lv % xhfƒ d]ufaf6 ‚jb]zleq} pkef]u a9†g ;Sg] lj1x¿ atfpF5g†„

• hnljB'tsf]lgof{tMpTkflbt ljB't ljb]z lgsf;L ug{ efƒt, j+unfb]z nufot blIf0f Pl;ofsf cGo b]zdf g]kfnL ljB't k|jfx x'g]uƒL k|zfƒ0f nfOg ljsf; uƒL lgof{t ug{] ;Defjgf b]lvG5„ o;sf] nflu g]kfnsf] ljB't pTkfbg t'ngfTds ?kdf ;‚tf] ƒ cfly{s s'6gLltsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog cfjZos b]lvG5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

-v_k"jf{wf/sf]ljsf;

• g]kfndf ljsf; k|of; yfngL ulƒPsf] slƒa ^ bzs eO;s]tfklg d'n'seƒL cTofj‚os k"jf{wfƒx¿ h‚tf] ;8s, l;+rfO{, ljh'nL, ;~rfƒ cflbsf] kof{Kt ljsf; ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g„ ;a} lhNnf ;bƒd'sfdx¿df ‚yn oftfoftsf] kx'Fr k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g„ ePsf k"jf{wfƒ klg ;a} ofddf rNg;Sg] cj‚yfsf 5}gg†„ g]kfndf xfn;Dddf slƒa @( xhfƒ lsnf]ld6ƒ ƒ0fg}lts ;8s 5 eg] slƒa %* xhfƒ lsnf]ld6ƒ u|fdL0f ;8s ag]sf] 5„ tƒ w]ƒ} ‚yfgsf ;8ssf] cj‚yf bogLo ƒx]sf] 5„ o;}sf] sfƒ0f b}lgs h;f] ;8s b'3{6gf x'g] ƒ ;d‚of kg]{ uƒ]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus slƒ8f]ƒx¿df ƒfd|f] ;8s k"jf{wfƒ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g eg] oftfoftdf l56f]kgf Nofpg k|z‚t k"jf{wfƒ ljsf; ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5„

• 7"nf k"jf{wfƒdf nufgL -k"j{ klZrd tyf pQƒ bIfL0f kSsL ƒ eƒkbf]{ ;8s oftfoft ƒ ƒ]n dfu{ ljsf; ePdf o;af6 s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6gdf kg]{ ;sfƒfTds k|efj kg]{ lglZrt 5„ af6f]sf] ljsf; ePkl5 pBf]u tyf Jofkfƒ Joj;fox¿ a9†b} hfg] ;Defjgf ePtfklg o‚tf laifodf of]hgfa4 9+un] hfg ;lsPdf cy{tGqdf rfF8} g} ;sfƒfTds k|efj kg{hfG5„ o;}uƒL ljB't k|zfƒ0f nfOg, zxƒL k"jf{wfƒx¿, s[lif k"jf{wfƒx¿df ;d]t ;ƒsfƒL nufgL a9fpFb} hfg' clgjfo{ 5„

• rLgsf]gLlt/o;n]g]kfnsf]k"jf{wf/ljsf;tyfcf}Bf]lus/0fdfkg]{;DefJoc;/MrLgsf ƒfi6«klt l; lhg lkªn] ;g† @)!# df 3f]if0ff uƒ]sf] One Belt One Road Initiatives df g]kfnn] xfn} dfq kIfƒƒfi6«sf] ?kdf ;dembfƒL uƒ]sf] 5„ o;df rLg ƒ dWo, k"jL{ tyf blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ cfw'lgs ;8s, ƒ]n, kfOknfOg, 6«fG;dL;g nfO{g tyf ;"rgf dfu{sf] ;~hfnn] hf]l8 o;If]qsf b]zx¿ aLr ef}lts, Jofkflƒs Pj+ s'6gLlts, ;fF‚s[lts tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf ;d]t hf]8†g hdsf]{ ulƒPsf] 5„ of] klƒof]hgf cGtu{t 5 j6f d'Vo cfly{s slƒ8f]ƒx¿ vf;uƒL gofF o'ƒfl;og Nof08 la|h, rLg—d+uf]lnof—?;, rLg—dWoPl;of—klZrd Pl;of, O08f]—rLg k|folbk, rLg—kfls‚tfg, rLg—a+unfb]z—efƒt—Dofgdfƒ slƒ8f]ƒnfO{ ljsf; uƒL oL slƒuf]ƒdf phf{, cf}Bf]lus u|fd nufotsf ;+ƒrgf lgdf{0f uƒL cfly{s ;fdflhs ljsf;df ;xsfo{ ug]{ p4]Zo ƒflvPsf] 5„ rLg ;ƒsfƒsf] cfw'lgs l;Nsƒf]8 of]hgfsf] yfngLaf6 ;]G6«†n Pl;of, o'ƒf]k, clk|msf,


blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ Pp6} ;~hfndf hf]8†g] hdsf]{ ulƒPsf] 5„ o; of]hgfsf ljleGg sfo{x¿sf] lgdf{0f k|fƒDe eO;s]sf] ƒ o;af6 nfe kfpg] k|foM ;a} b]z, cd]lƒsf, Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+sn] ;d]t nufgL uƒL xfOl‚k8 ƒ]n, ‚tƒLo ;8s lgdf{0f sfo{ z'? ulƒ;s]sf 5g†„

cf]lacf]cfƒ dfkm{t rLgn] cfˆgf l5d]sL b]zx¿df klg cfly{s ljsf;, pTkfbg ƒ Jofkfƒdf ;xsfo{ ug{ cfly{s ;xfotf, k"jf{wfƒdf nufgL tyf hg‚tƒdf ;DaGw ;'wfƒ nufotsf sfo{ ug{ rfx]sf] ljleGg ;~rfƒ dfWodaf6 ‚ki6 ePsf] 5„ rLgn] g]kfndf ;ƒsfƒL ;xof]usf] cnfaf lghL nufgL dfkm{t klg g]kfnsf] k"jf{wfƒ ljsf; ƒ cf}Bf]lus nufgLdf ;+nUg x'g rfx]sf] b]lvG5„ ut kmfNu'0f dlxgfdf g]kfndf ePsf] nufgL ;Dd]ngdf rLgLofF nufgLstf{x¿n] * va{ *) ca{sf] nufgL cfsfFIff JoQm ug'{n] klg of] s'ƒfnfO{ k'li6 u5{„

;+;fƒsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg sf]lƒ8f]ƒsf] ?kdf ljsf; ePsf] rLgsf] k"jL{ If]qsf] t'ngfdf rLgsf] klZrdL efudf kof{Kt cf}Bf]lus ljsf; eO;s]sf] 5}g„ l;Nsƒf]8 ljsf;;+u} rLg cfk†mgf cf}Bf]lus s]Gb|x¿ klZrd rLgtkm{ ‚yfgfGtƒ0f ulƒƒx]sf] 5„ o;f] ubf{ rLgsf] l;GHof8 ƒ ltAat h‚tf If]qdf klg ljsf; ƒ cfly{s ‚yfloTj a9†b} uPsf] ƒ g]kfnsf] pQƒL ;Ldf;Dd sg]S6Lle6L a9†b} cfPsf] 5„ o;}uƒL rLgn] l5d]sL b]zx¿df ;d]t cfk†mgf cf}Bf]lus s]Gb|x¿ ‚yfgfGtƒ0f ePsf] x]g{ rfx]sf] ƒ ljz]if cfly{s If]q, qm;af]8{ƒ ljz]if cfly{s If]q h‚tf cf}Bf]lus u|fdx¿ ‚yfkgf uƒ]ƒ l5d]sL b]zx¿;+u pTkfbgdf xftf]dfnf] ub}{ qmdzM k|ljlw ƒ Ifdtf x‚tfGtƒ0f ug{ rfx]sf] b]lvG5„ g]kfnn] klg rLg;+u ;g\ @)!& df uƒ]sf tLgj6f ;dembfƒLx¿ cf]ljcf]cfƒ, qm;af]8{ƒ ;]h ƒ O08l‚6«on OlG66L ƒlhi6«]zgsf] sfof{Gjog ubf{ b'a} b]zn] ;+o'Qm klƒof]hgfx¿ ljsf; uƒL o; dfkm{t pQƒ blIf0f ƒ k"j{ klZrdsf ljleGg efudf ‚tƒLo ;8s k"jf{wfƒ, ljB'tLo ƒ]n, hnljB't cfof]hgfx¿ ƒ oLg} k"jf{wfƒx¿sf] cfwfƒdf vfgLhGo, pTkfbgd"ns ƒ ;]jf If]qdf ko{6g ƒ ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwflƒt ljleGg pBf]ux¿sf] ‚yfkgf, ljsf; ƒ pTkfbg ug{ kof{Kt cfwfƒx¿ tofƒ ePsf] 5„

g]kfn rLg ;LdfIf]q !$#(=!* ->]i7M@)!#_ lsnf]dL6ƒ nfdf] ƒx]sf] ƒ g]kfn ƒ rLgaLr dflg; cfjthfjt ug{;Sg] #& j6f gfsfx¿ ƒx]sf] ->]i7M@)!!_ ;Gbe{df qm;af]8{ƒ ;]hsf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ;'ƒlIft cf}Bf]lus nufgL ug]{ ‚yfgsf] ljsf; ug{ rLgn] b]vfPsf] rf;f]nfO{ xfdLn] sfo{?k lbg g]kfn kIfaf6 tofƒL cufl8 a9fpg zL3|tf lbg' kƒ]sf] 5„ g]kfn rLg ;LdfIf]qdf s'g s'g ‚yfg ;]h ‚yfkgf ug{ pko'Qm

��pBf]u / ljsf;

5g† ƒ xfdLn] Psn tyf ;+o'Qm nufgLsf s] s‚tf pBf]ux¿ To‚tf ;]hdf ‚yfkgf ƒ ljsf; ug{;S5f} eGg] laifodf cWoog cg';Gwfg uƒL tTsfn sfof{Gjog ug{ clt cfjZos 5„ rLgn] g]kfnnfO{ slƒa * xhfƒ pTkfbgnfO{ eG;fƒ 5'6 lbPsf] ePtfklg lgof{t of]Uo klƒdf0fdf pTkfbg ug{ g;lsPsf]n] xfn;Dd o;af6 g]kfnn] kof{Kt kmfObf lng g;lsƒx]sf] klƒk|]Ifdf g]kfnn] Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug{klg o;nfO{{ sfof{Gjog ug{ zL3|tf lbg'kg]{ b]lvG5„

cf]lacf]cfƒ dfkm{t xfdL Nof08nsslG6«af6Nof08ln+sslG6«sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ;S5f}+„ ;g† @)!( ;Dddf s]?Ëdf cfOk'Ug] xfOl‚k8 ƒ]n ;]jf cfOk'Ug] ;+efjgf 5 ƒ xfdLn] klg g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ cfly{s, ;fdflhs ƒ ƒfhgLlts zlQmx¿n] ƒfli6«o ‚jfy{nfO{ cfTd;ft uƒL klƒof]hgfx¿ ljsf; ub{} ljleGg nufgLstf{ cGtƒf{li6«o a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+‚yfx¿ ;dIf jftf{ uƒL nufgL h'6fpg ;s]df pQm ƒ]n ;]jfnfO{ sf7df08f}+, kf]vƒf, n'lDagL;Dd hf]8†g ;S5f}„ o; afx]s k"j{ klZrd x'nfsLdfu{, dWokxfl8 ƒfhdfu{ ƒ ;a} pQƒL gfsf hf]8†g] lxdfnL dfu{, ljleGg pQƒ blIf0f slƒ8f]ƒx¿ h‚t} sf]zL dfu{, ;uƒdfyf dfu{, sf7df08f} sf]bfƒL ƒfhdfu{, sf7df08f} ƒ;'jf s]?ª dfu{, u08sL slƒ8f]ƒ, s0ff{nL slƒ8f]ƒ h‚tf dfu{x¿nfO{ lgdf{0f ;DkGg uƒL ‚tƒLo agfpg ;s]df o; If]qdf g]kfnsf vfgL, jg, s[lif ƒ hn>f]t h‚tf ;Dkbfdf cfwflƒt pBf]ux¿ ƒ ko{6g tyf ;"rgf k|ljlwh‚tf ;]jf pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf; uƒL ;DkGgtf xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] b]lvG5„

casf] g]kfnsf] Ph]08f eg]sf] g]kfn ƒ rLgaLr ePsf ;dembfƒLx¿nfO{ s;ƒL k|efjsfƒL ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ eGg] u[xsfo{nfO{ lta| ultdf cufl8 a9fpg] x'g'k5{„ pBf]u, Jofkfƒ–kfƒjxgsf laifodf xfdLn] bL3{sfnLg ƒ0fgLlt agfO{ o;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ;s]df dfq xfdLn] ljut b]lv g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns afWotf ƒ sdhf]ƒ cy{tGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ƒ ;Ifddf klƒjt{g ug{ ;S5f}+„ To;}n] ca g]kfnn] cfkm' kIf ePƒ ulƒPsf ;dembfƒLsf a'Fbfx¿df ax; k|fƒDe ulƒxfNg' k5{„ ƒ]n dfu{ agfpgsf] nflu o;sf] ‚6f088{ ƒ slt Ifdtfsf] agfpg], ;8ssf] ‚tƒf]Gglt s;ƒL ug]{ eGg] laifonfO{ k|fyldstf ƒ tbf?vtf ƒfv]ƒ sfd ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„ sg]lS6Llel6;Fu} xfd|f] k|d'v k|fykdstf pTkfbg a9fpg' g} x'g'k5{„ s[lifnfO{ cfw'lgsLsƒ0f ug]{, phf{nfO{ ljsf; ug]{ ƒ l5d]sL d'n's;Fu phf{ ;~hfndf s;ƒL hf]l8g] nufotsf s'ƒfdf ƒfli6«o ;xdlt h'6fO{ l5d]sL;+u s'6gLlts kxn ;d]t z'? ulƒxfNg' k5{„ To‚t}, lgof{tdf cfwflƒt pBf]u ;~rfng uƒ]ƒ efƒt, rLg -ltAat_ tLƒ g]kfnL ;fdfg lgof{t ug]{uƒL tofƒL ug{'k5{„ ca rLgn] g]kfnnfO{ cf]ljcf]cfƒdf k|fljlws


;xof]u ug]{, sdeGbf sd Aofhbƒdf C0f lbg], 6]Sgf]nf]lhsf] ljifodf klg ;xof]u lbg] s'ƒfnfO{ låkIfLo jftf{df ljifo agfpg' k5{„

s'6gLlt1 lxƒ0onfn >]i7sf cg';fƒ clxn] sfe|]sf] kfFrvfndf efƒt ƒ rLg b'j}sf] HjfOG6 e]Grƒ -Osf]gf]ldS; k|f];]l;ª HjfOG6_ rLg;Fusf] ;xof]udf agfpg nfluPsf] 5„ kfFrvfn If]qnfO{ g]kfnkl§sf] ;'Svf aGbufx;lxtsf] ljz]if cfly{s If]q lj‚tfƒsf] ;Defjgf eg]ƒ tftf]kfgL;Fu} hf]8]ƒ elgPsf] xf]„ To‚t}, s]?ªdf klg agfpg] elgPsf] 5„ o;df g]kfnsf] sRrfkbfy{ ƒ g]kfnL hgzlQmsf] k|of]uaf6 ‚jb]zL pTkfbg uƒ]ƒ tL ;fdfgnfO{ rLg ƒ efƒtdf lgof{t ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu xfdLn] clxn]b]lv g} u[xsfo{ z'? ug{' k5{„

k"j{ ;f+;b tyf rLg lj1 ;'ƒ]z sfsL{sf cg';fƒ lrlgofFx¿ g]kfnnfO{ …l‚nlkª cf]eƒ c uf]N8 dfOgÚ eG5g†„ cyf{t† ;'g vfgLdfly ;'ltƒx]sf] b]z„ 7Ls 9+un] g]kfnsf] ;|f]t–;fwg, ;Dkbf pkof]u eof] eg] g]kfnn] ce"tk"j{ ljsf; ug]{5 eGg]df pgL¿ ljZj‚t 5g†„ Tof] ljsf;n] rLgnfO{ klg kmfObf 5 eGg] pgLx¿n] a'em]sf 5g†„ pgLx¿ g]kfndf blx|nf] -‚yfloTj ePsf]_ ;ƒsfƒ ƒ cfˆgf] gLlt–lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog txdf n}hfg ;Sg] cj‚yfsf] kvf{Odf 5g†„ o;f] ePdf j}b]lzs nufgL -Pkm8LcfO{_ sf] k|Tofe"lt ;xh x'g]5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] a'emfO 5„ g]kfnsf] Tof] ;Defjgf b]v]ƒ} rLg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] nufgLstf{ ePsf] xf]„ pTkfbg If]qdf ljZjnfO{ g} pl5Gg ;kmn rLg ƒ k"jL{ Pl;ofsf b]zx¿df hg;+Vof lgoGq0fsf] sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogn] xfnsf] >d sfo{ ;d"x -Workforce_ pd]ƒ xbsf sfƒ0f qmdzM a'9f] ;d"xdf hfFb} uƒ]sf]n] g]kfnn] tL b]zdf ;~rflnt s]xL pBf]ux¿nfO{ dfq g]kfndf Nofpg ;s]df o;n] d"n'ssf] cy{tGqdf ;sfƒfTds k|efj kfg]{df ;a}sf] Psdt ƒx]sf] 5„

-u_ If]qLoljsf;/Jofj;flosPlss/0f

• g]kfn ƒ blIf0f Pl;ofsf cGo b]zx¿ aLr ljB't k|zfƒ0f nfO{g lj‚tfƒ ug]{

• g]kfn nufot blIf0f Pl;ofsf b]zx¿ aLr ;xsfo{ uƒL cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg a[l4 ug]{

• efƒt—g]kfn—rLg ƒ rLg—g]kfn—efƒt ko{6g lj‚tfƒ ug{ bf]xf]ƒf] oftfoft, lgz'Ns le;f tyf cGo ;'ljwfsf] Joj‚yf ug]{

��pBf]u / ljsf;

-3_ g]kfndflta|cf}Bf]lus/0f

• cf}Bf]lusƒ0fsf] nflu nufgLof]Uo klƒof]hgfx¿ ljsf; uƒL klƒof]hgf a}+s tofƒ uƒL ƒfVg' k5{„ s]xLaif{ b]lv g]kfndf nufgL af]8{n] s]xL klƒof]hgfx¿ ljsf; uƒL nufgLsf] nflu cfXjfg ug]{ cj‚yfdf k'¥ofPsf] ePtfklg nufgLstf{n] vf]h]sf ;DefJo klƒof]hgfx¿sf] g]kfndf o;sf] ;j{yf cefa ƒx]sf] b]lvG5„

• pTkfbgd"ns -s[lif tyf vfB k|ljlw ljsf; ƒ o;df cfwflƒt_ pBf]u, jg k}bfjfƒsf] Jojl‚yt pkof]u, lgdf{0f ;fdfu|L pBf]u, hl8a'6L k|zf]wg, cf}ifwL pBf]u, ;]jf -;"rgf k|ljlw, lgdf{0f tyf ko{6g_ pBf]ux¿sf] ljsf; tyf lj‚tfƒ, pRr d"No ƒ sd tf}n ePsf j‚t'x¿sf] klxrfg ƒ ljsf;, gofF k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf klxrfg, k'ƒfgf] ƒ}yfg] k|ljlwsf] cfw'lgsLsƒ0f ug]{ tyf o;tf j‚t'sf] d"No ;+[vnf ljsf;sf nflu cg';Gwfg ƒ ljsf;df hf]8 lbO{ sfo{ k|fƒDe ulƒxfNg' k5{„

• s[lif ƒ jg k}bfjfƒdf cfwflƒt >dd"ns ;fgf, demf}nf tyf 7"nf pBf]ux¿sf] Jofkstf

• g]kfnsf vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{df cfwflƒt pBf]ux¿sf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ljsf;

• n3' pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; dfkm{t ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf tyf ulƒaL lgjfƒ0f

-ª_ ;"rgf tyf ;~rfƒ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf 3ƒfo;L, cf}Bf]lus ƒ k|zf;lgs pkof]unfO{ Jofks agfpg]

-r_ lzIff, ‚jf‚Yo, ;ƒ;kmfO{ ƒ ;'zf;g h‚tf ;fdflhs ;]jfdf Jofks nufgL tyf gfulƒssf] Ifdtf ljsf; ƒ zf;sLo ;'wfƒ

-5_ Jojl‚yt ƒ of]hgfa4 zxƒL k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf;

• xfn ‚yfkgf ePsf ;a} guƒkflnsfx¿ tyf s]xL u|fdL0f If]qdf x'g] tLa| ;xƒLsƒ0f ƒ o;df x'g] nufgLn] l;h{gf ug]{ ƒf]hufƒL ƒ ljsf;

• d'n'sn] ug]{ ;+ƒrgfut ;'wfƒ;Fu} cfly{s gLltx¿sf] sfof{Gjog uƒfpg] alnof ;+‚yf -OlG‚6Ro';g_ sf] l;h{gf, ljZj cy{tGq;Fu cfa4tf, hg;f+lVos nfe, cy{tGqsf] cfw'gLsƒ0f, lghL If]qsf] ljsf;, ;xƒLsƒ0f, gjLtd k|ljlwsf] clws k|of]u ƒ cfljisfƒ clg lbuf] cfly{s ljsf;sf gLltn] d'n's ;d[4 aGg ;Sg]

-em_ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u dfkm{t ƒf]hufƒL l;h{gf ƒ ulƒaL lgjfƒ0f ug]{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{„ o; cGtu{t b]xfosf ƒ0fgLlt clVtofƒ ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 M


!= k'ƒfgf pBf]ux¿nfO{ lj‚tfƒ ug]{, Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{, ahfƒsf] vf]hLdf ;xof]u ug]{, pTkfbgnfO{ u'0f‚tƒo'Qm agfpg k|]lƒt ug]{,

@= pBdzLntf ljsf; ;DaGwL tflnd k|bfg uƒL gofF pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{,

#= ;Lk ljsf; ;DaGwL tflnd, >dsf] pTkfbsTj a9fpg] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{,

$= df}h'bf pBdLx¿sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug]{,

%= ;a} k|b]zdf kof{Kt cf}Bf]lus If]q ljsf; ƒ lj‚tfƒ, 5flgPsf ‚yfgdf ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] ljsf; ƒ lj‚tfƒ tyf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ƒ ;~rfngdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg],

^= pBf]ux¿ ƒ o;sf sRrf kbfy{ kfOg] ‚yfg;Dd afx|} dlxgf rNg] ;8s lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{,

&= k|To]s ‚yfgLo txdf gu lglZrt ‚yfgnfO{ cf}Bf]lus u|fd ‚yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ ƒ o‚tf ‚yfgdf k"jf{wfƒ ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ug]{„ ;fy} Ps guƒ÷ufpF Ps pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg],

*= n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdnfO{ b]zJofkL agfpg] ƒ ‚yfgLo txnfO{ of] sfo{qmd ;fem]bfƒLdf ;~rfng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{,

(= lgof{td"ns pBf]u ‚yfkgf tyf ;~rfngdf hf]8 lbg]„

-6_ sl/8f]/df cfwfl/t cf}Bf]lus ljsf; -Corridor-base Approach to Industrial

Development_M g]kfndf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{sf] nflu hUufsf] pknAwtf ;d‚ofsf] ?kdf ƒxb} cfPsf] 5„ lghLIf]qaf6 hUuf k|fKt ubf{ d"Noa[l4 cTolws eO{ t'ngfTds ?kdf pTkfbgsf] nfut a9L kg{ hfg] ƒ k|lt‚kwf{ ug{ g;Sg] ljutsf] cg'ej 5 eg] ;ƒsfƒL klt{ ƒ jgIf]qsf] hUuf k|fKt ug{ klg cToGt hl6n sfo{k|s[of ƒx]sf]n] cab]lv pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{ cf}Bf]lus slƒ8f]ƒ jf cfBf]lus If]q eg]ƒ ;ƒsfƒn] lglZrt uƒ]sf] ‚yfgdf hUuf lglZrt cjlwsf] nflu ef8fdf pknAw uƒfpg] ƒ k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0f ;ƒsfƒn] ug]{ Joj‚yf ug]{ ljsNk pkof]uL x'g] b]lvPsf] 5„ o;}uƒL ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] ;+Vof cfjZostf cg';fƒ vf]nL o‚tf ljz]if cfly{s If]qdf hUuf, ;8s, ljh'nL, vfg]kfgL tyf cf}Bf]lus k|of]hgsf] kfgL, ;ƒsfƒsf tkm{af6 pknAw uƒfpg] sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg xtfƒ eO{;s]sf] 5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

tTsfn ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿• xfn;Dd ^ j6f b]zx¿;+u dfq låkIfLo nufgL k|j4{g tyf ;+ƒIf0f ;+emf}tf

(BIPPA) ePsf]n] cGo b]zx¿;+u klg o‚tf] ;+emf}tf oyf;Dej l56f] ;DkGg ug'{k5{„ o;ƒL ePsf ;+emf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogdf klg ub}{hfg' kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5„ xfn;Dd ePsf ljKkf ;+emf}tfaf6 g]kfnsf] pTkfbg ƒ Jofkfƒdf s] s‚tf] ;'wfƒ eof] eGg] laifo w]ƒ}sf] rf;f] ePsf] b]lvG5„

• bf]>f] k'‚tfsf] cfly{s ;'wfƒnfO{ ;d]6\g] uƒL cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& ƒ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# df ;'wfƒ ƒ klƒdfh{g ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5„

• ;a} k|b]zdf slDtdf Pp6f cf}Bf]lus ‚df6{ guƒ sf] ‚yfkgf ƒ ;~rfng ug'{k5{„

• xƒ]s ‚yfgLo txdf pBf]u ljsf; zfvfsf] ‚yfkgf tyf ;~rfng ƒ k|To]sdf ljz]if pTkfbg a‚t' klxrfg uƒL slDtdf Pp6f pTkfbgsf] a|f08 lbg'k5{„

• xlƒt cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg gLlt NofO{ jftfjƒ0fLo ƒ cUof{lgs pTkfbgdf hf]8 lbg'k5{„

• j}b]lzs nufgLnfO{ nlIft uƒL cfly{s s'6gLltsf] ;~rfng ƒ u}ƒ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLnfO{ g]kfndf nufgL ug{ ljz]if k|f]T;fxg Kofs]hsf] Joj‚yf ug'{k5{„

• cf}Bf]lus k|ljlwsf] ljsf; tyf o;nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ k|To]s aif{ cf}Bf]lus d]nf tyf k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf ug'{k5{„

• d'n'sdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{ vfnsf cf}Bf]lus nufgLsf klƒof]hgfx¿afƒ] lj‚t[t cWoog k|ltj]bgx¿ ;d]t ePsf] nufgL klƒof]hgf a}+s tofƒL uƒL ;Defljt nufgLstf{nfO{ o;afƒ] hfgsfƒL lbg] Joj‚yf ulƒg'k5{„

• nufgLstf{sf xƒ]s k|Zgsf] pQƒ lbg] uƒL afƒDafƒ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx¿ (Frequently Asked Questions) sf] hjfkm ;+ufnf] c+u|]hL ƒ g]kfnL efifdf k|sfzg uƒL cGof}ntf x6fpg hf]8 lbg'k5{„

• g]kfndf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{ cfjZos kg]{ hUufhdLgsf] Joj‚yf ug]{ sfo{ hl6n b]lvPsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf ;ƒsfƒn] nfdf] cjlwsf] sƒfƒ -lnh_ df pBf]u‚yn


pknAw uƒfpg ljleGg cf}Bf]lus If]q, cf}Bf]lus u|fd ƒ ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] Joj‚yf ƒ ;8s, ljh'nL, vfg]kfgL tyf cf}Bf]lus kfgL, 9n lgsf; h‚tf cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf; ug{ hf]8 lbg'k5{„

• cf}Bf]lus k|zf;gnfO{ ;ƒn ƒ ;xh tyf ;a}sf] kx'Fr leq kfƒL cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g sfod ug{ sfg"gL tyf k|lqmofut ;'wfƒnfO{ lgƒGtƒtf lbg'k5{„

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L M

cy{ dGqfno, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒÙ cf=a= @)&#÷&$, cfly{s ;j]{If0f, l;+xbƒafƒ, sf7df8f}+„

cfly{s Go"h -cgnfOg_ / cleofg b}lgssf ljleGg c+sdf k|sflzt n]vx? .

uh]Gb| a'9fyf]sL, @)&#, sfƒf]afƒ b}lgssf ljleGg c+sdf k|sflzt n]vx¿, sfƒf]afƒ b}lgs sf7df08f}„

l3ldƒ] ?b|k|;fb -@)&#_, cfTdlge{ƒtfsf nflu cf}Bf]lusƒ0f, sfƒf]afƒ b}lgs

g]kfn ƒƒfi6« a}+s, c;fƒ @%, @)&$Ù cfly{s aif{ @)&$÷&% sf] df}lb|s gLltsf] ;fƒf+z,

lg0f{o g+ *%@! pTk|]if0fo'Qm kƒdfb]z, km};nf ldlt @)^&.)$.@! g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, efu %@, c+s !@, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, sf7df8f}+„

k|f= ld> r}tGo, @)&#, lqb]zLo ;xsfo{ ƒ Pl;ofnL o'u, g]kfn cWoog s]Gb|, sf7df8f}+ http://www.nepalreaders.com

k|f= zdf{ lktfDaƒ, @)&# jg a]N6 jg ƒf]8 ƒ g]kfn, g]kfn cWoog s]Gb|, sf7df8f}+ http://www.nepalreaders.com

dlxnf pBdzLntfdf nufgL, ;DkfbsLo, sfƒf]afƒ b}lgs, kf}if %, @)&#

ƒfli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, g]kfn @)&#, rf}wf}+ cfjlws of]hgf, l;+xbƒafƒ, sf7df8f}+„

nf]xgL k|sfzrGb|, @)&#, abln+bf] ljZj ;Gbe{df g]kfn rLg ;DaGw, g]kfn cWoog s]Gb|, sf7df8f}+ http://www.nepalreaders.com

Agriculture and Structural Transformation in Developing Asia: Review and Outlook, Roehlano Briones and Jesus Felipe, ADB Economics Working Paper SeriesADB Economics Working Paper Series, No. 363 | August 2013

Development of Manufacturing Industries in Nepal, Current State and Future Challenges, Central Bureau of Statistice, November 2014

��pBf]u / ljsf;

DFID 2015Ù Growth Building Jobs and Prosperity in Developing Countries,Envisining Nepal 2030, Proceedings of the International Seminar, National Plannig

Commission and Asian Development Bank, March 2016Financing for Development, Procedings of Addis Ababa Action Agenda of third

International Conference for Financing for development, 13- 16 July, 2015Globle Economic Prospects, A Fragile Recovary, World bank Group, June 2017JEYAKUMAR DEVARAJ Michael (2011); Industrialization in the Third World,

Paper submitted to Third World Forum during the World Social Forum 2011, Senegal between the 6-11th. February, 2011

Linggui, Wang & Jianglin, Zhao 2016; the belt and road initiative in The Global Context, International Joint Study report (No 1), Social science Academy Press, China.

Roehlano Briones and Jesus Felipe (2013) Agriculture and Structural Transformation in Developing Asia: Review and Outlook, ADB Economics Working Paper Series, No. 363, August 2013

Shrestha, Buddhi Narayan (2011), Border Fences, Walls and Identities of Nepal, http:www.bordernepal.com

Shrestha, Buddhi Narayan (2013), The Natural Environment and the shifting Borders of Nepal; Eurasia Border Review, Volume-4, No. 2, fall 2013, Slavic Research Center, Hokkido University, Sapporo, Japan.

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# sf kl/j]zx¿

k|bLks'df/ sf]O/fnf;x;lrj, pBf]u dGqfno

k[i7e"ld;ƒsfƒn] ;g† @)@@ leq ljsf;zLn d'n'saf6 ljsf;f]Gd'v d'n'sdf hfg] nIo lnPsf] 5„ s'n hL8LkLdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg % k|ltztaf6 a9fpg] b[li6sf]0f ƒfv]ƒ gofF P]gsf] klƒsNkgf uƒL ;f]xL cg'?k lj ;+= @)&# d+l;ƒ & ut] gofF cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# hfƒL ePsf] 5„ o; P]gn] cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g sfod ub}{ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ƒ g]kfndf eOƒx]sf] bf];|f] k'‚tfsf] cfly{s ;'wfƒ cGtu{t ;du| pBf]u If]qsf] ;'wfƒsf] k|of; uƒ]sf] 5„ ;+;fƒ eƒL g} ;a} d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] ƒf]hufƒLsf cj;ƒx¿sf] l;h{gf x'g], j‚t' ƒ ;]jfsf] d"No clej[l4 x'g], cfjZos j‚t' tyf ;]jfsf] pTkfbg eO{ cfoft k|lt‚yfkgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] ƒ pRr u'0f‚tƒo'Qm k|ltik|wf{Tds j‚t' pTkfbgåfƒf lgof{t a9†g uO{ Jofkfƒ ;Gt'ngdf ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] h‚tf ljifox¿nfO{ cf}Bf]lus k|j4{gsf] ljifosf] ?kdf x]lƒG5„ g]kfn klg oxL lbzfdf cuf8L a9]sf] t 5 tƒ o;sf cfk†mg} k|s[ltsf r'gf}tLx¿ 5g†„

g]kfndf xfn;Dd cf}Bf]lus nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f aGg g;Sg', cf}Bf]lus ljB't cfk"lt{df ;'wfƒ gx'g', cf}Bf]lus j‚t'x¿sf] pRr k|lt‚kwf{ x'g', cf}Bf]lus k"jf{wfƒx¿sf] kof{Kt ljsf; gx'g', cfjZos hgzlQm ‚jb]zaf6 knfog x'g', bIf hgzlQm ƒ gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] cjnDjg ug]{ Ifdtf Go"g x'g' h‚tf ;d‚ofx¿ ljBdfg ƒx]sf] sfƒ0fn] ubf{ s"n ufXo{‚y pTkfbgdf sƒLj %=% k|ltzt ƒ ƒfli6«o ƒf]hufƒLdf sƒLj ^=^ k|ltzt dfq cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] of]ubfg ƒx]sf] 5„

g]kfndf pBf]u If]qn] s]xL ljlzi6 k|s[ltsf ;d‚ofx¿ ;fdgf ulƒƒx]sf 5g†„ gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ub}{ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf u'0f‚tƒLotf sfod ug'{, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf lgoldt?kdf ljB't cfk"lt{sf] cj‚yf l;h{gf ub}{ pTkfbsTj a9fpg', cf}Bf]lus If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf; a9fpb} hfg', ;~rflnt pBf]ux¿nfO{ pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6n] k|lt‚klw{ agfpg', df}h'bf pBf]unfO{ ?U0f x'gaf6 hf]ufpg' ƒ ?U0f pBf]unfO{ k'gM‚yfkgf ug'{, cf}Bf]lus gLltsf k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ cfly{s P]gn] ;Daf]wg ug'{, ljZjJofkLsƒ0f tyf cfly{s pbflƒs0fn]

��pBf]u / ljsf;

l;h{gf ub}{ NofPsf] k|lt‚kwf{Tds jftfjƒ0fsf] ;fdfgf ug'{ tyf cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ;'dw"ƒ >d ;DaGw sfod ug'{ h‚tf ljifox¿ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cem} ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g„

cf}Bf]lus If]q;Fu ;DalGwt gLltut Joj‚yf, ;+ƒrgfut ;'b[9Lsƒ0f, k|lqmofut ;ƒnLsƒ0f tyf k"jf{wfƒ lgdf{0fsf] dfWodaf6 cf}Bf]lus nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf uƒL ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL cfslif{t ug'{, u'0f‚tƒLo pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTj clej[l4 uƒL lgof{t k|j4{g tyf cfoft k|lt‚yfkg ub}{ ljBdfg Jofkfƒ 3f6f sd ug'{, ‚yfgLo ;|f]t ;fwgdf cfwflƒt sRrf kbfy{sf] pkof]u, ‚yfgLo >d, ;Lk, ;ƒn k|ljlw, ;Lldt k+"hL cflbaf6 n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf] ;+ƒIf0f, ;+j4{g tyf k|j4{g ub}{ ƒf]hufƒL tyf pBdL l;h{gf uƒL lbuf] ƒ eƒkbf]{ Pj+ cfTdlge{ƒ cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug'{ cjsf lbgsf pBf]u If]qsf ‚ki6 k|fyldstfsf ljifox¿ x'g„

pBf]u If]qsf] pTkfbg j[l4 uƒL s'n ufx{‚y pTkfbgdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg a9fpg', cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL j[l4 uƒL ƒf]hufƒLsf] cj;ƒ l;h{gf ug'{, cf}Bf]lus a‚t'x¿sf] lgof{t j[l4 uƒL Jofkfƒ 3f6fdf sdL Nofpg' tyf ‚jb]zdf pknAw vfgL tyf vlghhGo kbfy{sf] cWoog tyf cGj]if0f sfo{nfO{ cufl8 a9fpg' cem} klg Hofb} ;+j]bgzLn ƒ r'gf}tLk"0f{ 5„ oL ƒ o‚tf ;d‚of ƒ r'gf}tLx¿ ;j}sf] ;dfwfg ƒ cj;ƒsf] sfof{Gjog gofF cf}Bf]lus Joj‚ffo P]g Nofpb}df cfpFb}g tƒ o;n] pBf]u If]qsf] sfg"gL ƒ ;+ƒrgfut vfsfx¿ s]xL xb;Dd ‚ki6 kf5{„ oL pb]Zox¿ klƒk"lt{sf nflu o; of] hfƒL ulƒPsf] xf]„

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&#o; P]g4fƒf cf}Bf]lus gLltn] lglb{i6 k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;d]6†g vf]h]sf] b]lvG5„ g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] cf}Bf]lus If]qnfO{ a9fjf lbg] p2]Zo;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)$( nfO{ k|lt‚yfkg uƒL ljutdf ePsf sdLsdhf]ƒLnfO{ ;RofpFb} b|'ttƒ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 d'n'ssf] ;du| cfly{s, ;fdflhs If]qdf ;sfƒfTds klƒjt{g ug]{ ƒ g]kfnnfO{ cfsif{s nufgL uGtJo‚ynsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ clek|fon] ;dofg'sn gLltut ;'wfƒ ;lxt cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& hfƒL uƒ]sf]df o; gLltsf lglb{i6 k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g @)&# n] ;d]6g] k|of; uƒ]sf] 5„ o; P]gsf] sfof{Gjogaf6 d'n'sdf cf}Bf]lus ljsf;;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿df a9f]QƒL x'g hfg], Jofks ?kdf ƒf]hufƒLsf cj;ƒx¿ l;h{gf x'g] ƒ hgtfsf] cfo‚tƒdf j[l4 x'g uO{ cGttf]uTjf d'n'ssf] cy{tGqdf pBf]u If]qsf] of]ubfg cu|0fL x'g] ck]Iff ulƒPsf] 5„

o; P]g hfƒL eP;Fu} pBf]usf] ‚yfkgf, ;~rfng, alxu{dg cflb pBf]u k|zf;g;Fu ;DjlGwt cjojx¿ Jojl‚yt ƒ lgod;Ët eO{ cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g sfod ug]{ lbzfdf Ps cxd v'8†lsnf]


x'g] ck]Iff ulƒPsf] 5„ o; P]gaf6 gofF k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ub}{ cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgdf u'0f‚tƒLotf sfod ug]{, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ljB't† cfk"lt{nufot cfjZos k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf; ub}{ pTkfbsTj a9fpg], ;~rflnt pBf]ux¿nfO{ pTkfbg ƒ pTkfbsTjsf] b[li6n] k|lt‚kwL{ agfpg], df}h'bf pBf]unfO{ ?U0f x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] ƒ ?U0f pBf]unfO{ k'gM‚yfkgf ug]{, ljZjJofkLsƒ0f tyf cfly{s pbfƒLsƒ0fn] ;[hgf ub}{ NofPsf] k|lt‚kwf{Tds jftfjƒ0fsf] lgdf{0f ug]{, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ;'dw'ƒ >d ;DaGw sfod ug]{ h‚tf ljifox¿df k|i6tf cfpg] b]lvPsf] 5„

ƒfli6«o k|fyldstfsf If]qdf ljb]zL k"FhL, k|ljlw, ;Lk ƒ 1fg cfslif{t ub}{ cfoft k|lt‚yfkg ƒ lgof{t k|j4{gsf] dfWodaf6 Jofkfƒ ;Gt'ng sfod uƒL ƒfli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ k|lt‚yfkg ƒ ultzLn agfpg] bL3{sfnLg nIosf ;fy hfƒL ulƒPsf] ljb]zL nufgL gLlt, @)&! n] lnPsf gLlt tyf sfo{gLltx¿ ;d]tnfO{ cfTd;ft uƒL hfƒL ePsf] cf}Bf]lus Joj‚ffo P]g, @)&# n] pBf]usf] klƒefiffnfO{ ‚ki6 kfƒ]sf] 5, pBf]u btf{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfPsf] 5, j}b]lzs nufgL ‚jLs[ltsf] k|lqmofnfO{ lglZrt agfPsf] tyf k|ljlw x‚tfGtƒ0fnfO{ ;xh agfPsf] 5„

ljutdf pBf]u btf{ guƒL hUuf lng gkfOg], hUuf glnO{ jftfjƒ0fLo kƒLIf0f gx'g] ƒ jftfjƒ0fLo kƒLIf0f geO{ pBf]u btf{ gx'g]h‚tf] 3'ldƒxg] k|zf;gsf] b'Zrqm ƒx]sf] lyof]„ o;n] pBf]uLx¿nfO{ pBf]u ;~rfng ug{nfO{ xtf]T;flxt g} uƒ]sf] lyof]„ o; cj‚Yffdf ;'wfƒ NofO{ o; gofF P]gn] pBf]u btf{ ulƒ;s]kl5 jftfjƒ0fLo k|efj cWoog uƒ] x'g] Joj‚yf uƒL pBf]u btf{ ƒ ;+rfngsf] k|s[ofnfO{ cToGt} ;ƒn jgfPsf] 5„ o; P]gn] pBf]usf] lgoldt cg'udg ƒ k|ltj]bgsf] Joj‚yf ug'{sf ;fy} pBf]usf] x‚tfGtƒ0f, gfd;fƒL, z]oƒ x‚tfGtƒ0f h‚tf pBf]u k|zf;gsf] Joj‚yfnfO{ ;d]t ;xh agfPsf] 5„ To;}uƒL o; P]gn] ljz]if cfly{s If]q (SEZ) df ‚yfkgf x'g] pBf]u ;]hd} btf{ x'g;Sg] af6f] vf]n]sf] 5 eg] pBf]u btf{ vfƒ]hL k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfPsf], pBf]usf] ‚ki6 juL{sƒ0f uƒL cGof]n x6fPsf] ƒ pBf]usf] k"FhL d"NofÍg k|lqmofnfO{ ‚ki6 agfPsf] 5„

o; P]g4fƒf pBf]u tyf nufgL k|j4{g af]8{sf] Joj‚yf uƒL pQm af]8{sf] sfd, st{Jo ƒ clwsfƒ ‚ki6 uƒL pBf]u If]qdf ug{'kg]{ gLltut lg0f{o k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh agfpg'sf ;fy} sƒ, dxz'n nufot ƒfh‚j 5"6 ƒ ;x'lnot ;DaGwL ‚ki6 Joj‚yf uƒ]sf], ljz]if cj‚yfsf pBf]ux¿nfO{ yk 5"6 lbg ;Sg] k|fjwfgsf] ;d]t Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ o;df n3' pBd, dlxnf pBd tyf ‚yfgLo pBdzLntfsf] ljsf;df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf], pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ hUuf k|flKtdf ;xhLsƒ0f ulƒg], hUuf nLhdf ;d]t pknAw uƒfOg], pBf]udf cfjZos kg]{ hUufdf xbaGbL gnfUg] h‚tf Joj‚yfx¿ ƒfvL pBf]u ‚yfkgf ƒ lj‚tfƒdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfnn] xfn;Dd 5 j6f b]z;+u dfq ljKkf ;Demf}tf uƒ]sf] ;Gb{edf cGo b]zx¿n] klg g]kfndf nufgL ug]{ k|of]hgfy{ pgLx¿sf] cfkmgf] nufgLsf] ;'ƒIff rf;f] b]vfpb} o; ljifonfO{ ulDeƒ ?kdf p7fpg] uƒ]s]f ;Gbe{df o;n] g]kfndf ‚yflkt pBf]unfO{ ƒfli6«osƒ0f gulƒg] k|Tofe"lt ulƒPsf] ƒ cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIff ;DaGwL Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] tyf pBf]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ;a} ;]jf;'ljwf Ps} ‚yfgaf6 pknAw uƒfpg Psn laGb' ;]jf s]Gb|sf] Joj‚yf ug'{kg]{ sfg"gL Kf|fjwfg ƒflvPsf] 5„

g]kfndf ?U0f pBf]usf] klxrfg ƒ juL{sƒ0fsf nflu ;+‚yfut ;+oGqsf] Joj‚yf uƒL ljz]if 5"6 ƒ ;'ljwf lbg] k|fjwfg ƒflvPsf] 5„

d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, k|j4{g tyf ;+ƒIf0fsf nflu lghL tyf ;xsfƒL If]q;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf -!_ n3', 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf pBd ljsf; sf]if, -@_ hf]lvd k"FhL -e]Grƒ Soflk6n_ sf]if, -#_ k|ljlw ljsf; sf]if, -$_ cf}Bf]lus nufgL ;+ƒIf0f tyf k|j4{g sf]if, -%_ ?U0f pBf]u k'g?Tyfg, k'glg{df{0f tyf Joj‚yfkg sf]if, -^_ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if h‚tf ljleGg sf]ifx¿ ‚yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] Joj‚yf uƒL g]kfndf pBd ljsf;sf nflu ;fwg ;|f]tsf] cefj x'g glbg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ o; P]gadf]lhd lgodfjnL zL3| hfƒL uƒL o;df Joj‚yf ulƒPsf k|fjwfg sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ g]kfnsf] ;du| pBf]u If]qsf] ;'wfƒdf ‚ki6 km8†sf] dfg{ ;lsG5„

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gsf ;DjGwdf km/s wf/0ff@)&# ;fndf hfƒL ePsf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g pBf]uLsf nflu w]ƒ} ;sfƒfTds 5„ Jofkfƒ Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ ƒ To;sf] k|j4{g ug{ ;lhnf] agfOPsf] 5„ P]gn] cfosƒ, Eof6h‚tf ljifodf ;'ljwf lbPsf] 5„ Tolt dfq gePƒ pBf]ux¿nfO{ klg juL{sƒ0f ug]{ ƒ ;'ljwf klg To;}cg';fƒ lbg] ljifo ƒflvPsf] 5„ tƒ oL P]g4fƒf lbg] elgPsf ;'ljwfx¿ ;fRRf} kfOG5 egL pBdL tyf pBf]uLx¿ aƒfaƒ k|Zg ug]{ ub{5g„ g]kfndf dfq ;fob o‚tf] d'n's xf]nf hxfF P]g4fƒf lbg] elgPsf] ;'ljwfx¿ lbOg] 5 eGbf pBf]uL Joj‚ffoLx¿ dhfs p8fpg] u5{g, ljb]zL nufgLstf{x¿ P]gåfƒf k|bfg ulƒPsf ;'ljwfx¿ lbOg] 5 eg]ƒ ;ƒsfƒ ;+u leGb} ;Demf}tf ug]{ u5{g ƒ ;ƒsfƒnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ eg]ƒ a;]sf ;+‚yfx¿ of] ;'ljwf lsg lbOof] eg]ƒ ;ƒsfƒsf kbflwsfƒLx¿;Fu ‚ki6Lsƒ0f ;f]W5g ƒ sfƒjfxL ;d]t u5{g„ g]kfndf nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f sfuhdf dfq} 5, Jojxfƒdf cem} cfpg afFsL 5 eg]ƒ ;ƒf]sfƒjfnfx¿ aƒfaƒ k|Zg p7fpg] u5{g†„

klxnfsf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)$( ƒ clxn]sf] gofF P]gn] pBf]uLnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf ;'ljwf lbPsfn] klg pTs[i6 5„ o; P]gn] pBf]u juL{sƒ0fsf cfwfƒdf % jif{b]lv !)


jif{;Ddsf nflu 5"6sf] Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5„ o‚tf] 5"6 eg] g]kfnL pBf]uLsf nflu dfq lbg] k|fjwfg 5„ o;ƒL ljBdfg cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g ƒfd|ƒL cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] pBf]uLnfO{ s'g} ;d‚of x'Fb}g„ o;sf] sfof{Gjog rfF8} xf];† eGg] pBf]uLn] rfx]sf 5g†„ jf‚tjdf P]g hfƒL ug'{ eGbf klg o;df Joj‚yf ulƒPsf k|fjwfgx¿sf] cIfƒ; sfof{Gjog x'g'k5{ eGg] kIfdf pBf]uL Joj;foLx¿n] rf;f] JoQm uƒ]sf] kfOG5„

P]gdf Joj‚yf ePsf sƒ tyf dxz'n 5'6sf k|fjwfgsf ;DjGWfdf cem} lrQ ga'em]sf] s'ƒf klg p7g] uƒ]sf] 5„ w]ƒ} jif{b]lv pBf]u Joj;foLsf] nufgL ;'ƒlIft ug]{ p2]Zo af]s]sf] pBf]u Joj;fo P]gsf] klƒsNkgf ulƒFb} cfOPsf] xf]„ cgf}krflƒs ¿kdf lj=;+= @)$( ;fn b]lv o; ljifodf Jofks 5nkmn x'Fb}, @)&# ;fndf cfPƒ Joj‚yflksf–;+;b†n] kf; uƒ]sf] 5„ clxn] hfƒL ePsf] P]g klg pBf]uLn] rfx]sf] ƒ vf]h]sf] h‚tf] 5}g eGGf]x¿sf] klg 7"n} hdft 5„ ;xh tƒLsfn] Joj;fo ug{ lbg] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g x'g'k5{ dGg] dfux¿ ;d]t gcfPsf xf]Ogg†„ jf‚tjdf pgLx¿ g]kfndf klg efƒt ƒ rLgsf] h‚tf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gsf] dfu ug]{ u5{g b]znfO{ pBf]usf] xa agfpg] xf] eg] pBf]unfO{ ;ƒsfƒn] k|j4{g ug'{k5{ ƒ ?U0f ePdf kfNg klg cfjZos 5„ pBf]unfO{ clxn] lbOƒx]sf] 5"6 klg kof{Kt 5}g eGg] u'gf;f] pBdLx¿sf] ƒx]sf] 5„

pBf]uL Joj;foLx¿sf] egfO{ h‚tfsf] t‚t} o;ƒL ƒfVg ;lsG5„ @)%* ;fnsf] cfly{s P]gn] ljleGg ;x'lnotnfO{ sf6]sf] 5„ ƒfhgLlts ¿kdf klg Joj;foLnfO{ ;d‚of kg]{ uƒ]sf] 5„ @)$^ kl5 nueu l‚yƒ ;ƒsfƒ 5}g„ ƒfhgLltsf] l‚yƒtf slxNo} ePg„ o;n] ubf{ klg gofF pBf]uwGbf v'Ng ;s]sf 5}gg† ƒ k'ƒfgfnfO{ klg cK7†ofƒf] kg]{ uƒ]sf] 5„ lj=;+= @)$% ;fnltƒ s'n ufx{‚y pTkfbgdf pBf]usf] c+z nueu !^ k|ltzt lyof] ƒ clxn] 36]ƒ % k|ltztdf k'u]sf] 5„ pBf]unfO{ ;+ƒIf0f gug]{ ƒ ePsf pBf]unfO{ Joj;fo ug]{ jftfjƒ0f gaGg' clxn]sf] r'gf}tL xf]„ ljb]zL ƒ g]kfnL pBf]unfO{ ;dfg Jojxfƒ ePsf] 5}g„ ;ƒsfƒn] d]lzgƒL ;fdfgdf clncln 5"6 lbPsf] 5 tƒ cGo ljifodf 5"6 5}g„ o‚t} cj‚yfdf xfdLn] efƒt ƒ rLgsf] pBf]u;Fu k|lt‚kwf{ ug{'k5{„ g]kfndf xƒ]s Joj;foLn] s‚tf] tƒLsfsf] ah]6 cfpF5 eGg] ljifodf 8ƒ dfGg'k5{„ clxn] cfPsf] cf}Bf]lus P]gnfO{ klg cfly{s ƒ >d P]gn] sf6]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gdf …gf] js{ gf] k]Ú sf] Joj‚yf 5„ tƒ >d P]gdf 5}g„

pBdL Joj;foLsf s'ƒf h‚tfsf] t‚t} ƒfVbf yk s'ƒf o;ƒL ƒfVg ;lsG5„ ;ƒsfƒn] clxn] ljz]if cfly{s If]qsf] cjwfƒ0f NofPsf] 5„ s‚tf] 7fpFdf ;]h ƒfVg] eGg] ljifo dxÎjk"0f{ xf]„ tƒ, 7fpF 5gf]6 ubf{ sltko cj‚yfdf ƒfhgLlts ‚jfy{ xfjL x'G5„ Go"gtd tnasf] ljifodf ;fgf, 7"nf ;a} pBf]unfO{{ ;ƒsfƒn] Ps} b[li6n] x]ƒ]sf] 5„ pBf]u cfkm} TolQs}

��pBf]u / ljsf;

cfpg] ljifo xf]Og„ pBf]uLn] nufgL ubf{ ;'ƒlIft gfkmf vf]h]sf x'G5g†„ cfoft Jofkfƒ ubf{ eG;fƒ ltƒ] k'U5 ƒ pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfng ug{ w]ƒ} ;+3if{ ug{'k5{„ ;ƒsfƒnfO{ olt w]ƒ} k|ltjb]gx¿ a'emfpg'k5{„ Tof] ga'emfPdf w]ƒ} hƒLjfgf ltg{'k5{„ o; cj‚yfdf ;'wfƒ cfpg' cfjZos 5„ cGtƒƒfli6«o hutdf x]g]{ xf] eg] b]z o'4df xf]ldPsf] 5 eg] klg cy{tGqnfO{ s'g} c;ƒ gkƒ]sf pbfxƒ0f k|z‚t} 5g†„ tƒ, g]kfndf To‚tf] b]lvFb}g„ g]kfndf t ;fgfltgf ƒfhgLlts ljifon] klg ;d‚of kfg]{ u5{„ To;nfO{ ƒf]Sg] lsl;dsf] P]g sfg"gsf] cefj clxn] klg b]lvG5„

g]kfndf ;dGjosf ;d‚ofnfO{ bzf{pb} k|ltlglw pBf]uL Joj;foLn] p7fPsf] ;d‚ofnfO{ o;ƒL x]g{ ;lsG5„ g]kfndf Pp6f dGqfnon] pBf]u vf]Ng] cg'dlt lbG5 csf]{n] aGb uƒfOlbG5„ o;sf] pbfxƒ0fsf ¿kdf Knfli6s pBf]unfO{ lng ;lsG5„ ;ƒsfƒs} dGqfnon] Knfli6s pBf]u vf]Ng cg'dlt lbof] tƒ jftfjƒ0f dGqfnon] s]xL dxLgfsf] cjlwdf aGb uƒfof]„ d'n's rnfpg]n] s;ƒL rnfpg'k5{ eg]ƒ a'‰g' h?ƒL 5„ pBf]u vf]Ng jfl0fHo dGqfno, pBf]u, jftfjƒ0fh‚tf dGqfno hfg'k5{„

cd]lƒsfdf !@ cf]6f dGqfno 5g†„ xfd|f] h‚tf] ;fgf] d'n'sdf @% cf]6feGbf w]ƒ} dGqfno 5g†„ pBf]u vf]Nbf klƒjfƒsf !* jif{ k'u]sf ;a} ;b‚onfO{ ;fIfL ƒfVg'kg]{ afWofTds Joj‚yf 5„ tƒ, ljb]zdf h'g pBf]u 5, To;}sf] hfoh]yf dfq hdfgLdf ƒxg] k|fjwfg x'G5„ efƒt ƒ leotgfdh‚tf d'n'sdf pBf]u vf]Ng] jftfjƒ0f ƒfd|f] 5„

pBf]uL Joj;foLn] g]kfndf ƒx]sf] pBf]ud}qL jftfjƒ0f ƒ sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ;'emfjfTds tlƒsfn] klg x]g]{ uƒ]sf] kfOG5„ pgLx¿ g} eG5g sL clxn] cfPsf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] g]kfnsf Joj;foLsf] lxt x'G5 eg]ƒ a'lemPsf] 5„ tƒ Tof] P]g dfqn] s]xL x'Fb}g„ pBf]u Joj;fo ;~rfngsf nflu Jofj;flos jftfjƒ0f ƒ ƒfhgLlts l‚yƒtfsf] rflxPsf] 5„ lbuf], pRr ƒ kmƒflsnf] cfly{s j[l4dfkm{t ƒfi6«sf] cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGtƒ0fsf nflu cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0fsf] dxÎjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5„ d'n's leq} pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; ƒ pBf]u Joj;fosf] k|j4{g ub}{ cfly{s ;d[l4 k|flKtsf nflu g]kfndf bf];|f] rƒ0fsf] ;'wfƒ cfjZos 5 eGg] ;f]rsf] cfjZostf 5„ o;} qmddf cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g th{'df ePƒ sfof{Gjogsf] rƒ0fdf k'u]sf] 5„ P]g lgdf{0fsf] rƒ0fdf klg lghLIf]qsf tkm{af6 ljleGg ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf;+‚yfx¿ lgƒGtƒ ;xefuL eO{ cfˆgf cjwfƒ0ff ƒ ;'emfjx¿ k|‚t't ulƒƒx]sf 5g„ lghL nufgLstf{ ljb]zL jf ‚jb]zL hf] eP klg cfkm"n] rfx]sf] Joj;fodf ;xh ¿kdf k|j]z ug]{, k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cwLgdf ƒx]ƒ lgaf{w Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ ƒ rfx]sf] ;dodf ;xh ¿kdf lg‚sg kfpg] pgLx¿sf] clwsfƒ xf], h;nfO{ ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gnufot


ljleGg cGtƒƒfli6«o tyf ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tfx¿n] ;d]t cfTd;ft† uƒ]sf] cj‚yf 5„ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df eg] hlt gofF sfg"g ag] klg ltgsf] k|efjsfƒL sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sbf Joj;fodf k|j]zb]lv ;~rfng ƒ alxu{dg;Dd emGem6} emGem6 5g† egL pgLx¿ eGg] u5{g†„

efjL sfo{lbzfP]g alg;s]sf] cj‚yfdf P]gn] k|bfg ulƒPsf 5'6sf ljifonfO{ lgodfjnLdf Joj‚yf uƒ]ƒ eP klg nufgL tyf Joj;fod}qL jftfjƒ0fsf] ;'lglZrttf x'g'k5{„ a9†bf] Jofkfƒ3f6f Go"gLsƒ0f ug{ ƒ ƒf]hufƒL ;[hgfsf nflu cf}Bf]lus ljsf; g} k"j{zt{ ePsf] oyfy{tfdf cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] k|bfg uƒ]sf ;]jf;'ljwfnfO{ cGo P]g lgodn] sf6†g g;Sg] Joj‚yf clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf]„ o; ljifodf gofF P]gdf s]xL af]lnPsf] eP klg sfof{Gjogdf gNofpFbf;Dd pBf]uL Joj;foLn] To‚tf ;'ljwfsf] pkof]u ug{ gkfpg] ePsfn] lgdf{0fsf] rƒ0fdf ƒx]sf] lgodfjnL hfƒL x'g h?ƒL 5„

bf];|f] k'‚tfsf] cfly{s ;'wfƒsf] d'Vo cfwfƒ g} cfly{s pbfƒLsƒ0f tyf k|lqmofut ;ƒnLsƒ0f ƒ lgƒGtƒ ;'wfƒ g} xf]„ o; oyfy{tfnfO{ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] cfTd;ft† uƒ]h‚tf] b]lvP klg sltko Joj‚yfn] Jofjxflƒs ¿kdf yk hl6ntf ;[hgf uƒ]sf] cg'e"lt lghLIf]qn] uƒ]sf] 5„ To‚tf hl6ntfnfO{ ;fj{hlgs lghL ;+jfbsf] cjwfƒ0ffdfkm{t ;xhLsƒ0f ƒ ;ƒnLsƒ0f ub}{ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gdf ePsf k|fjwfgnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lbzfdf cl3 a9†g' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf]„

pBf]u Joj;foLx¿sf] dfu Pjd† lgƒGtƒ ;ƒsfƒL kxnkl5 cfPsf] pQm P]gsf] k|efjsfƒL sfof{Gjog x'g;s] o;n] pBf]u Joj;fosf] k|j4{g Pjd† nufgLsf] jftfjƒ0f ;[hgf ug]{tkm{ ck]lIft glthf lbg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5„ cGtƒf{li6«o Pjd† ljz]if uƒL l5d]sL d'n'sx¿ efƒt ƒ rLg;Fu lge{ƒtf, Jofkflƒs k|lt‚kwf{ ƒ nufgLsf] t'ngfdf nufgLd}qL jftfjƒ0f tofƒ ug{ cem} ck'u ePsf] ƒ sltko k|fjwfgx¿sf sfƒ0f pBf]u lj‚tfƒdf ck]lIft k|ltkmn Nofpg cem k|lqmofut ;'wfƒtkm{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ cj‚yf 5„ nfdf] ;+qmd0f, ƒfhgLlts Joj‚yf ƒ zf;sLo ‚j¿kdf Jofks klƒjt{g eO;s]sf] clxn]sf] cj‚yfdf s]xL P]g sfg"gx¿df ;'wfƒ x'Fb}df dfq cfly{s If]qdf Jofkfs ;'wfƒ x'G5 ƒ d'n's ;d[4 x'G5 eGg ;lsFb}g„ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gn] klƒsNkgf uƒ]sf sltko k|fjwfg >d P]g, ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff P]g, j}b]lzs nufgL P]g tyf jftfjƒ0f ;+ƒIf0f P]g;Fu cem} tfbfDotf ldnfpg jf+sL g} 5„ To;}n] tL P]g tyf ;DalGwt lgodfjnLx¿df klg ;do ;fk]If k'gƒfjnf]sg uƒ]ƒ cl3 a9†g ;s] dfq ck]lIft glthf k|fKt x'g ;S5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

cf}Bf]lus Joj;fosf] cjƒf]wsf ¿kdf dflgPsf] >d ;DaGw ƒ cf}Bf]lus ;'ƒIffdf kl5Nnf] ;do s]xL ;'wfƒ eP klg csf]{ dxÎjk"0f{ kIf ljlwsf] zf;g ƒ sfg"gL ƒfHosf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ug'{kg]{ x'G5„ ;ƒsfƒL lgsfodf kfƒblz{tfsf] sfod ug'{sf ;fy} lghL If]qsf ;d‚ofx¿nfO{ a'‰g] ƒ lgƒfsƒ0fsf] pkfo klxNofpg' cfjZos 5„ lghL If]qnfO{ ;+‚yfut ;fdflhs pQƒbfloTj clgjfo{ ug]{, cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g ;ƒsfƒL ;+oGqnfO{ klg hjfkmb]xL agfpg] ƒ ;a} pBf]u k|lti7fgx¿nfO{ ;dfg Jojxfƒ Pjd† sfd ug]{ jftfjƒ0fd ;[hgf ug]{ k|fjwfg P]gdf yk ug{'kg]{ cfjZos 5„ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# df s]xL ;'wfƒ ug{'kg]{ w]ƒ} ljifo 5g† tfklg cfhsf] klƒl‚yltdf of] P]g hfƒL x'g' Ps dxÎjk"0f{ kxn xf]„ lghLIf]qn] klg o;nfO{ ;sfƒfTds ¿kdf d"NofÍg uƒ]sf] 5„ tyflk lghLIf]q ljsf;sf] dxÎjk"0f{ ;fem]bfƒ ePsf] klƒk|]Iodf o; P]g dfkm{t jf of] P]gsf] dd{nfO{ s;ƒL cl3 a9fpg] ƒ sfof{Gjog txdf Nofpg] ;a}sf] ;ƒf]sfƒsf] ljifo xf]„ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnL cem} d‚of}bfsf] qmddf 5„ of] P]gdf sltko ‚ki6 gePsf ljifonfO{ o; lgodfjnL dfkm{t ;'wfƒ ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] x'Fbf o;df ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf ;Fusf] 5nkmn ƒ ;'emfjsf] cfjZostf k5{„ o;}n] lgdf{0fsf] rƒ0fdf ƒx]sf] cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnLdf P]gdf 5'6]sf ljifonfO{ ;d]6†g ljz]iftM g]kfn ;ƒsfƒsf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] ljz]if Wofg lbO{ ;f] ljifodf ;'wfƒsf nflu kxn ug{'kg]{ cj‚yf 5„

;f/f+zg]kfndf klxnf] k'‚tfsf] cfly{s ;'wfƒ lj=;+= @)$^ sf] k|hftflGqsLsƒ0f;Fu} ePsf] lyof]„ aGb cfly{s ;+oGqaf6 To; jvt g]kfn v'nf cfly{s ;+oGqdf k|j]z uƒ]ƒ w]ƒ} cfly{s Joj‚yfx¿ nfO;]G; tyf aGb ;+oGqaf6 v'nf ;'wfƒtkm{ d'n's cuf8L a9L ƒx]sf] cj‚Yffdf xfdL sxfF nfdf] ;dflhs 4G4 ƒ hgo'4;d]taf6 cfly{s ;'wfƒ s]xL k5f8L kƒ]sf] cj‚yf lyof]„ clxn] d'n's ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f tyf ‚yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg;Fu} ƒfhgLlts ;+qmd0faf6 cuf8L j9L cfly{s ;'wfƒdf km8sf] dfg]{ cj‚yfdf k'u]sf] 5„ o; cfly{s cleofgnfO{ cuf8L j9fpg d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;Dj[l4sf] uGtJodf k'¥ofpg g]kfndf nufgL leq†ofpg' h?ƒL 5, ljz]if uƒ]ƒ ljb]z nufgL g} leq†ofpg' h?ƒL 5„

;+;fƒdf ljb]zL ;xfotf w]ƒ} leq†ofpg] d'n'sx¿df clk|msg d'n'sx¿ cu|k+lQmdf ƒx]sf 5g† tƒ tL b]zsf] ljsf; slt ;'‚t 5, hjsL ;+;fƒdf w]ƒ} ljb]zL nufgL leq†ofpg] d'n'sx¿sf] cj‚yf s‚tf] 5, tL ljb]zL nufgL w]ƒ} leq†ofpg] d'n'sx¿sf] cfly{s ;d[l4 slt l56f] ePsf] 5„ o;df ePsf ;j} cWoog ƒ cg';Gwfgx¿ oxf+ pNn]v ug{ t ;lsb}g tƒ o;} b[i6fGtaf6 s] eGg ;lsG5 eg] ljb]zL nufgL hlt d'n'sdf leq†ofpg ;lsG5, hlt d'n'sdf nufgL d}qL jftfjƒ0f jgfpg ;lsG5 To; b]zsf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] uGToJo Tolt rf8f] k|fKt


x'G5„ g]kfndf klg ljb]zL nufgL ;DjGwL gLlt, cf}Bf]lus gLlt ƒ ƒfli6«o af}l4s ;Dklt ;DjGwL gLlt hfƒL eO;s]sf] 5„ hfƒL ePsf] cf}Bf]lus gLlt cg'?k cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g ;d]t hfƒL eO;s]sf] cj‚yf 5„ cjsf lbgdf ljb]zL nufgL ;DjGwL gLlt ƒ ƒfli6«o af}l4s ;Dklt ;DjGwL gLlt cg'?k P]g jgfpg' h?ƒL 5, ;fy} cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g cg'?k cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo lgodfjnL hfƒL ug'{kg]{ 5„

pBf]uL Joj‚ffoLn] g]kfndf pBf]u tyf nufgL d}qL jftfjƒ0f jgfpgsf nflu tLg j6f d'Vo ;d‚ofx¿ p7fpg] u5{g„ tL tLgj6f ;d‚ofx¿ != hldg, @= >lds ƒ, #= cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;g„ oL tLg ;d‚ofx¿ dWo] xfnsf] ;'wfƒsf] k|of;df cf}Bf]lus ;'zf;gsf ljifodf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5„ of] ;'wfƒ k"0f{?kdf ePsf] cj‚Yffdf klg ;du| nufgL leqofpgsf nflu s]xL k|ult dfq xf]„ t;y{, g]kfndf nufgL d}qL jftfjƒ0f jgfpgsf nflu o;df ƒx]sf ;j} k|sfƒsf cjƒf]wx¿ x6fO{ d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] uGtJodf k'¥ofpg' g} cfhsf] cfjZostf xf]„

;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L• cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 jQmJo, @)&$, cy{ dGqfno, sf7df8f}+„

• cf}Bf}lus gLlt, @)^&, pBf]u dGqfno, sf7df8f}+„

• cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&#, sfg"g lstfj Joj‚yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f+}„ sfg"g lstfj Joj‚yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f+}„

• Rff}wf} of]hgf -@)&#÷&$ —@)&%÷&^_, ƒfli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, sf7df8f}+„

• g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@, sfg"g lstfj Joj‚yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f+}„

• ljz]if cfly{s If]q P]g, @)&#, sfg"g lstfj Joj‚yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f+}„sfg"g lstfj Joj‚yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f+}„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

g]kfndf vlgh ;Dkbf M jt{dfg cj:yf / ljsf;sf k|of;x¿

/fh]Gb| k|;fb vgfndxflgb]{zs, vfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefu

!= k[i7e"ld g]kfndf kƒDkƒfut ?kdf w]ƒ} jif{ klxn] b]lv g} vlgh sfo{ ;~rfng eO{ cfOƒx]sf] tYo ljleGg gbL, gfnf, ufpF Pj+ ‚yfgsf] gfd ljleGg vfgLx¿ ;Fu ;DalGwt ePƒ ƒflvPsf] af6 k|i6 x'G5„ ljleGg ‚yfgx¿df ƒx]sf vlgh ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u uƒL ‚yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ k"lt{ ug{ ljutdf To‚tf vfgLx¿ ;~rfngdf Nofpg uƒ]sf k|df0fx¿ k'ƒfgf vfgLx¿df b]lvPsf] ;'?Ë ƒ k|fKt ls6af6 b]Vg ;lsG5„ k[YjLgfƒfo0f zfxn] ævfgL ePsf 7fpFdf ufpF eof klg ufpF c? hUufdf ;fƒLsg klg vfgL rnfpg'Æ eGg] pkb]zaf6 g]kfndf ljleGg vlgh kbfy{ ƒx]sf] ƒ ;f] sf] dxÎjnfO{ cfTd;ft uƒ]sf] kfOG5„ vlgh ;Dkbfsf] plrt pkof]u ƒ ljsf;af6 g} cf}Bf]uLsƒ0f x'g] oyfy{tfnfO{ b[li6ut uƒL vlgh sfo{nfO{ ljut w]ƒ} klxn] b]lv k|fyldstfdf ƒfVg] ulƒPsf] b]lvG5„ vlgh ;Dkbfsf] ;+ƒIf0f, ;Dj4{g ƒ jftfjƒ0f cg's"n bLuf] ?kdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsPdf b]zsf] ;du| ljsf;df ljz]if of]ubfg k'Ub5„

@= vlgh ;Dkbfsf] ljsf;sf nflu ul/Psf k|of;x¿g]kfndf @))& ;fnb]lv Jojl‚yt ?kdf vlgh cGj]if0f sfo{ ;'? ePsf] kfOG5„ vfgL Pj+ vlgh ;Dkbfsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] g]kfndf ;j{–k|yd vfgL P]g, @)!# nfu" ulƒPsf] lyof]„ vfgL P]gnfO{ ;do ;fGble{s ljsf; ug]{ qmddf xfn vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ P]g, @)$@ nfu" eO{ xfn sfof{Gjogdf ƒx]sf] 5„ pQm P]gnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf xfn vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ lgodfjnL, @)%^ ;d]t nfu" uƒL sfof{Gjog eO{ ƒx]sf] ƒ ;f] P]gdf lj=;+= @)%) ;fndf ulƒPsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg tyf lgodfjnLdf lj=;+= @)&@ ƒ lj=;+= @)&# df ulƒPsf] ;+zf]wg dfkm{t xfnsf] sfg"gL cfjZostfnfO{ yk k"0f{tf lbOPsf] 5„ ;+‚yfut ljsf;sf] s'ƒf ubf{ ;fljsdf ƒx]sf b'O 5'§f 5'6†6} ljefux¿nfO{{ ævfgL ljefuÆ ƒ æef}ule{s ;e]{If0f ljefuÆ lj=;+= @)## ;fndf PsLs[t uƒL ævfgL tyf e"ue{ ljefuÆ sf] ‚yfkgf eO{ xfn;Dd oxL ljefuaf6 vlgh lgodg tyf k|zf;g ƒ vlgh cGj]if0f tyf ef}ule{s ;j]{If0f sfo{x¿ eO{ ƒx]sf 5g†„

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

#= ef}ule{s ;e]{If0f tyf cg';Gwfg vlghhGo pBf]u ljsf;sf nflu j}1flgs tjƒn] vlgh cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{ ug{' cklƒxfo{ dflgG5„ xfn;Dd g]kfnsf] dWo lxdfnL (Lesser Himalaya) If]qsf] $!,^)) ju{ ls=dL If]qdf ef}ule{s sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5„ e"–j}1flgs ;e]{If0f tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{af6 r'ƒ] kxf8 tyf dxfefƒt >[+vnfsf] ;Dk"0f{ efu ƒ pRr lxdfnL If]qsf] s]xL efudf k|yd rƒ0fsf] efule{s ;e]{If0f sfo{ k"ƒf uƒL bf]>f] rƒ0fsf] gS;fÍg z'? ulƒPsf] 5„ xfn ;Dddf !M!,))),))) ‚s]nsf] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnsf] ef}ule{s gS;f ! ;L6, !M@%),))) ‚s]nsf] pRr lxdfnL tyf s0ff{nL If]qsf] s]xL efu afx]s ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnsf] % ;L6, !M%),))) ‚s]nsf] @@,!)) ju{ ls=ld= If]qdf $! ;L6sf] ef}ule{s gS;fÍg sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] 5„ ef}ule{s Pj+ e"–Ol~hlgolƒË ƒ e"–jftfjƒ0fLo cWoog uƒL Jojl‚yt zxƒL ljsf; ƒ kmf]xƒd}nf Joj‚yfkg ug{sf] nflu sf7df8f}F pkTosf, kf]vƒf, a'6jn, e}ƒxjf, x]6f+}8f, wƒfg, ljƒf6guƒ, ;'v]{t, g]kfnu~h, hgsk'ƒ, wgu9L, dx]Gb|guƒ ƒ eƒtk'ƒsf] e"–Ol~hlgolƒË tyf e"–jftfjƒ0fLo cWoog sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5„

$= vlgh cGj]if0f tyf ljsf; sfo{ljefuaf6 vlgh cGj]if0f sfo{nfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf ƒfvL lgoldt ?kdf xƒ]s jif{ jflif{s sfo{qmddf ;d]t ;dfj]z uƒL ljleGg ‚yfgx¿df PsLs[t ?kdf ef}ule{s ;e]{If0f tyf vlgh cGj]if0f sfo{ ub}{ cfOƒx]sf] 5„ ljut jif{ b]lv pQm sfo{nfO{ cem yk k|efjsfƒL Pj+ glthfd"ns agfpg ævlgh cGj]if0f sfo{sf] nflu ef}ule{s gS;fÍg (Geological Mapping for Mineral Exploration)Æ k|To]s If]qsf ljleGg efux¿df uƒL cfufdL tLg jif{leq ;DefJo 7"nf vlgh e08fƒ Plsg uƒL ;f] sf] cfwfƒdf vlghhGo pBf]u ‚yfkgfaf6 ƒfli6«o cfodf a9f]QƒL ug{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ cGj]if0f sfo{ ;~rfng ulƒPsf] 5„ ljefuaf6 gjnkƒf;Lsf] wf}afbLdf ljleGg rƒ0fsf] kmnfd vlgh cGj]if0f sfo{ Pj+ dsjfgk'ƒ, a}t8L ƒ d'‚tfËdf ljleGg rƒ0fsf o'ƒ]lgod vlghsf] cGj]if0f sfo{ eOƒx]sf] 5„

xfn ;Ddsf] cWoog cg';fƒ g]kfndf @! lsl;dsf wft' vlgh, @# lsl;dsf cf}Bf]lus vfgL, ^ lsl;dsf lsdtL tyf cw{ lsdtL ƒTg vlgh, $ lsl;dsf OGwg vlgh Pj+ ( eGbf a9L lsl;dsf lgdf{0fhGo vlghx¿ kfOPsf 5g†„ vlgh kbfy{sf] cGj]if0fsf nflu @)&$ h]i7 d;fGt ;Dddf ljleGg @$ j6f vlghsf] ##! j6f vf]htnf; ƒ ljleGg !% j6f vlghsf] !@% j6f pTvgg† cg'dlt hfƒL eO{ axfn ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

%= vlgh ;Dkbfsf] jt{dfg cj:yfvlgh cGj]if0f, ljsf; tyf pTkfbg sfo{nfO{ Jojl‚yt ¿kdf ;~rfng uƒL ;Gt'lnt If]qLo ljsf;sf] cjwfƒ0f cg'?k k|To]s If]qdf l;d]G6 pBf]u vf]Ng] k|of]hgfy{ ;'v]{t, bfË, dsjfgk'ƒ, pbok'ƒ ƒ wgs'6fdf r'g9'Ëf vlghsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf cfwfƒdf pBf]u ‚yfkgf uƒL ;~rfng eO;s]sf] 5„ kfNkf, cwf{vfFrL, ;Nofg, a}t8L, l;Gw'nL, nlntk'ƒ, wflbË, ‚ofª†hf cflb lhNnfdf uƒL %$ sƒf]8 6g k|dfl0ft, !! sƒf]8 6g cw{ k|dfl0ft tyf $@ sƒf]8 6g ;DefJo uƒL s"n nueu ! cƒa 6g r'g9'Ëf vlgh kQf nfu]sf] 5„ o;sf] kmn‚j?k lghL tyf ;ƒsfƒL ‚tƒdf slƒa *,%)) 6g k|lt lbg Ifdtfsf] !$ j6f l;d]G6 pBf]ux¿ ‚yfkgf eO{ ;~rfngdf 5g† eg] yk ( j6f ;fgf tyf 7"nf l;d]G6 pBf]ux¿ lgdf{0ffwLg cj‚yfdf 5g†„

ljutdf ulƒPsf] vlgh cGj]if0f sfo{af6 bf]nvfdf !* sƒf]8 6g DofUg];fO6 e08fƒ, bf]nvf, tgxF', DofUbL, sf‚sL tyf a}t8L lhNnfx¿df uƒL !=$ sƒf]8 6g vƒL e08fƒ kQf nfu]sf 5g†„ hfhƒsf]6, c5fd, sflnsf]6, b}n]v, ;+v'jf;ef ƒ wflbË lhNnfdf lsdlt tyf cw{ lsdlt kTyƒ sfO{gfO{6, 6'df{lng tyf Sjfh{ lqm‚6n ƒx]sf 5g†„ nlntk'ƒ, dsjfgk'ƒ, wflbË, bf]nvf, a}t8L, aemfË lhNnfx¿sf ljleGg ‚yfgx¿df dfj{n, 8f]nf]dfO6, u|]gfO{6, DofUg];fO{6, km‚kmƒfO6, cflb vlgh e08fƒx¿ ƒx]sf 5g†„ ljleGg !$ j6f lhNnfsf (@ j6f ‚yfgx¿df ;fwfƒ0f lgdf{0fd'vL vlgh e08fƒ kQf nufO{ yk ‚yfgx¿df ;d]t cWoog sfo{ eOƒx]sf] 5„ wflbË, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, gjnkƒf;L, lrtjg, dsjfgk'ƒ, g'jfsf]6, sf7df8f}+, eQmk'ƒ, nlntk'ƒ cflb lhNnfsf ljleGg ‚yfgx¿df ;fwfƒ0f lgdf0f{d'vL 9'Ëf, df6f], afn'jf tyf ‚n]6sf] e08fƒ ;d]t k|z‚t dfqfdf b]lvPsf] 5„

ƒfd]5fk -7f];]_ df kmnfd vfgL ;~rfng x'g] cj‚yfdf ƒx]sf] 5 eg] nlntk'ƒ -km"nrf]sL_ ƒ kj{tdf ;d]t kmnfd pBf]u ‚yfkgfsf] nflu lghL If]qnfO{ cg'dlt k|bfg ulƒPsf] 5„ gjnkƒf;Lsf] wf}afbLdf xfn ;Ddsf] cGj]if0fsf] k|fƒlDes glthf cg'?k u'0f‚tƒLo kmnfd sfod ƒx]df slƒa !) sƒf]8 6g kmnfdsf] e08fƒ x'g] cg'dfg ulƒPsf] 5„ To‚t} ;f]n'v'Da' -jfK;f_, dsjfgk'ƒ -sfnL6fƒ_, 88]nw'ƒf -afjg ufpF_, pbok'ƒ -s'?n]_, tgxF', lrtjg, jfUn'Ë cflb If]qdf uƒL !=$ sƒf]8 6g tfdf vlgh e08fƒ ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5„ u0f]z lxdfn ƒ;'jf, v}ƒfË dsjfgk'ƒ, cflb ‚yfgdf lzzf ƒ h‚tf vlghsf e08fƒ ƒx]sf] k'li6 eO;s]sf] 5„ To‚t} ƒf]Nkf, a}t8L, bfr{'nf, aemfË, wflbË, ƒ;'jf, Onfddf ;'g, tfdf, h‚tf, l;;f, kf]lnd]6n vlgh e08fƒ ƒx]sf] 5„


xfn;Ddsf] cWoog cg';fƒ OGwg vlghtkm{ sf7df8fF} lhNnfdf #! sƒf]8 ^) nfv 3g ld6ƒ k|fs[lts UofF; e08fƒ, bfË, ƒf]Nkf, kfNkf ƒ c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf %) nfv 6g kTyƒ sf]Onf vlgh e08fƒ klxrfg ePsf 5g†„ xfn ;Ddsf] k]6«f]lnod cGj]if0f sfo{af6 g]kfndf k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] e08fƒ x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf ƒx]sf]n] ;DefJo k]6«f]lnod If]qnfO{ !) j6f cGj]if0f v08x¿df ljefhg uƒL pQm If]qdf k]6«f]lnod k|j4{g sfo{ eOƒx]sf] 5 ;fy} dsjfgk'ƒ, a}t8L ƒ d'‚tfËsf ljleGg ‚yfgx¿df eOƒx]sf] cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 o'ƒ]lgod vlghsf] ƒfd|f] ;Defjgf b]lvPsf] 5„

^= vlgh sfo{df ;d:of / r'gf}ltx¿g]kfndf vlgh cGj]if0f, ljsf;, pTvgg† ƒ pTkfbg sfo{df pRrtd ljsf; gx'g'df bIf hgzlQm Pj+ gofF k|ljlwsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u gx'g', ;do ;fGble{s P]g, lgoddf ;'wfƒ gx'g' vfgL ‚yn ;Dd ;8s tyf ljh'nL h‚tf dxÎjk"0f{ k"jf{wfƒsf] ljsf; gx'g' ƒ lghL If]qnfO{ nufgLsf nflu cfslif{t ug{ g;lsg' g} d'Vo ;d‚of x'g†„

g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cjl‚ylt, ef}ule{s ;+ƒrgf, e"–wƒftnLo agf]6 tyf tbg'?k k|fljlws Ifdtf clej[l4 ug'{, ‚jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL cfsif{0f ug'{ Pj+ ljleGg If]qut gLltdf Ps?ktf ƒ ;dGjo Nofpg' cflb vlgh ;Dkbfsf] ljsf;df r'gf}lt ƒx]sf 5g†„

&= lgisif{b]zdf ljBdfg k|fs[lts >f]tx¿ dWo] vlgh ;Dkbf cfly{s ;d[l4 ƒ cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] Ps d"Vo k"jf{wfƒ xf]„ jftfjƒ0fLo ;Gt'ng ƒ gjLgtd† k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ub}{ j}1flgs tjƒn] vlgh cGj]if0f, ljsf; tyf pTkfbg sfo{ ug{ ;lsPdf ƒf]hufƒL clej[l4 eO{ ;du| d'n'ssf] bLuf] ljsf; ƒ cfly{s ;d[l4 x'g] lglZrt 5„ ctM d'n'sn] cfTd;ft uƒ]sf] cu|ufdL ;+sNknfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg ug{ cfufdL lbgdf ljz]if k|fyldstf ƒ sfo{ of]hgf ;lxt vlgh sfo{ ug{ cklƒxfo{ b]lvPsf] 5„

;Gbe{ ;'rLvfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ P]g, @)$@

vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{ lgodfjnL, @)%^

g]kfnsf] vlgh ;Dkbf, @)&$

ƒfli6«o vlgh gLlt, @)&$

��pBf]u / ljsf;

gofF 6«]8dfs{ P]gdf ;d]l6g'kg]{ kIfx¿

lbks l#ld/] lgb]{zs, pBf]u ljefu

ƒfli6«o af}l4s ;DklQ gLlt, @)&# xfn;fn} g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ dlGqklƒifb†af6 ‚jLs[t ePsf] 5„ ;f] gLltn] 6«]8dfs{ nufotsf cGo ljleGg k|sfƒsf af}l4s ;DklQx¿sf] klxrfg uƒL ;f]sf] btf{ ƒ ;+ƒIf0fsf ;DaGwdf lj‚t[t Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5„ tyflk, sfo{kflnsfaf6 ‚jLs[t gLltn] eljiosf] sfg"gL, ;+‚yfut Pj+ k|lqmofut Joj‚yfsf] dfu{bz{g ug{] ePtfklg gLltn] ‚jtM ljwflosL sfg"gsf] ‚j?k u|x0f ug{ g;Sg] ePsf]n] k|rlnt af}l4s ;DklQ sfg"gdf ;do;fk]If ;'wfƒ ug'{ cklƒxfo{ e};s]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+ƒIf0fsf nflu Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] ;g† !**# sf] k]lƒ; dxf;lGw (Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, 1883) sf] g]kfn ;g† @))! b]lv ;b‚o ePsf] 5„ pQm dxf;lGwn] k]6]G6, cf}Bf]lus l8hfog, 6«]8dfs{, Jofkflƒs gfd cflb cf}Bf]lus af}l4s ;DklQsf] ;+ƒIf0fsf nflu kIf ƒfi6«n] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ Go"gtd sfg"gL dfkb08 lgwf{ƒ0f uƒ]sf] 5„ o;sf ;fy} ;g† @))$ df g]kfn ljZj Jofkfƒ ;+u7gdf cfj4 eP;Fu} ;f] ;+u7gsf] ‚yfkgf ug]{ ;Demf}tfsf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] Jofkfƒ ;Da4 af}l4s ;DklQ clwsfƒ ;Demf}tf (Agreement on Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights-TRIPs) sf] klg kIfƒfi6« ePsf]n] pQm ;Demf}tf cg's"n x'g] uƒL cfjZos sfg"gL Joj‚yf ug{ ;d]t l9nf] e};s]sf] 5„ k|‚t't cfn]vdf af}l4s ;DklQsf] Ps dxÎjk"0f{ c+usf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] 6«]8dfs{sf] btf{ Pj+ ;+ƒIf0fsf ;DaGwdf g]kfndf b]lvPsf ;d‚of, r'gf}tL Pj+ tTsfn ;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos sfg"gL Joj‚yfx¿sf ;DaGwdf rrf{ ulƒg] 5„

g]kfndf lj=;+= !((# ;fndf g]kfn–k]6]06, l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ sfg"gsf] gfdaf6 6«]8dfs{ ;DaGwL klxnf] sfg"g nfu" ePsf] lyof]„ ;f] sfg"gdf kmnfgf dfn kmnfgfn] agfPsf] jf kmnfgfsf] dfn xf] egL yfxf uƒfpgfnfO{ nufPsf] lg‚;fnfO{ æ6«]8dfs{Æ eGb5g† elg 6«]8dfs{sf] klƒefiff ulƒPsf] kfOG5„ hf];'s} dflg;n] 6«]8dfs{ ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf c8†8fdf btf{ uƒL ƒlhi6«ƒ uƒfpg kfpg] ƒ 6«]8dfs{ ƒlhi6«ƒ ubf{ df]=?= %.– b]lv #%.– ;Dd ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf c8†8fsf thjLhn] b‚t"ƒ lng' eGg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] lyof]„ o‚t} csf{sf] 6«]8dfs{ sLt]{ uƒL Jojxfƒ ug]{nfO{ ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf c8†8fsf] thjLhn] df]=?= @)).– ;Dd hƒLjfgf jf ̂ dlxgf;Dd s}b ug]{ tyf sLt]{ uƒ]sf] 6«]8dfs{ ƒ ;f] dfs{ nfPsf] dfnx¿ ;d]t hkmt ug]{ Joj‚yf ulƒPsf]


lyof]„ 6«]8dfs{ btf{sf ;DaGwdf 6«]8dfs{sf] 5f]6sƒL aofg ;lxt 6«]8dfs{sf] wgLsf] gfd jtg OToflb n]vL ;ƒf]sfƒjfnf c8†8fn] ƒlhi6«ƒ lstfa v8f uƒL ƒfVg], 6«]8dfs{ ug{ kfpg] s'ƒfsf] bƒvf‚t kƒ]df ;efkltaf6 7xƒfO{ lgsf;f lbPsf]df clkn ph"ƒ gnfUg] Joj‚yf ;f] sfg"gn] uƒ]sf] lyof]„ ;f] sfg"gn] 6«]8dfs{ sfod ƒxg] cjlw, gjLsƒ0f cflbsf afƒ]df s]xL pNn]v uƒ]sf] kfOb}g„

;f] P]gnfO{ k]6]06, l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@ n] k|lt‚yfkg u¥of] h'g # k6ssf] ;+zf]wgsf ;fy xfn;Dd sfof{Gjogdf ƒx]sf] 5„ o; P]gn] 6«]8dfs{sf] klƒefiff uƒL 6«]8dfs{ dfly Psflwsfƒ k|fKt ug]{ k|lqmof, To‚tf] Psflwsfƒsf] cjlw ƒ pn+3gsf] cj‚yfdf k|fKt x'g] pkrfƒsf] ;d]t Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5„ P]gn] æ6«]8dfs{Æ eGgfn] s'g} kmd{, sDkgL jf JolQmn] cfˆgf] pTkflbt dfn;fdfg jf cfk"mn] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jfnfO{ c¿sf] dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfaf6 kmƒs b]vfpg k|of]u ulƒg] zAb, lrGx jf lrq jf zAb, lrGx ƒ lrq ltg} s'ƒfsf] ;+of]u ;Demg' k5{ elg klƒeflift uƒ]sf] 5„ s;}n] cfˆgf] aGb Jofkfƒ jf sfƒf]afƒsf] 6]«8dfs{ pBf]u ljefudf btf{ uƒfO{ ;f] 6]«8dfs{ pkƒ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] xs k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] 6«]8dfs{ c? s;}n] gSsn ug{ jf cfˆgf] gfddf gfd;fƒL guƒfO{ jf k|of]usf] lgldQ lnlvt ?kdf cg'dlt glnO{ cfˆgf] jf c?sf] gfdaf6 k|of]u ug{ uƒfpg gx'g] ƒ ;f] uƒ]df ;DalGwt dfnj‚t' hkmt uƒL ?= Ps nfv ;Dd hƒLjfgf ug{ ;Sg] Joj‚yf P]gn] uƒ]sf] 5„

6«]8dfs{ z'?df & jif{sf nflu btf{ ulƒg] ƒ tTkZrft &÷& jif{sf] cjlwdf hltk6s klg gjLsƒ0f ug{ kfOg] Joj‚yf P]gn] uƒ]sf] 5„ 6«]8dfs{sf btf{sf lgldQ bƒvf‚t kƒ]kl5 ;f] 6«]8dfs{sf] ;DaGwdf ljefun] cfjZos hfFra'em uƒL bfjL ljƒf]wsf nflu df}sf lbg] ƒ bfjL ljƒf]w kg{ cfPdf 5fgjLg uƒL btf{ ug{ pko'Qm ePdfq btf{ ug]{ Joj‚yf 5„ tƒ, To‚tf 6«]8dfs{af6 s'g} JolQm jf ;+‚yfsf] k|lti7fdf wSsf kg]{ jf ;j{;fwfƒ0f hgtfsf] ;bfrfƒ jf g}ltstf jf ƒfli6«o lxtdf gƒfd|f] c;ƒ kg]{ jf c¿ s;}sf] 6«]8dfs{sf] Vofltdf wSsf kg]{ ‚fDefjgf 5 eGg] nfu]df jf ;f] 6«]8dfs{ klxn] c¿ s;}sf] gfddf btf{ e};ssf] b]lvPdf ;f] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ gulƒg] ƒ btf{ ePsf] ePdf abƒ ug]{ Joj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„ lj=;+= !((# sf] sfg"gn] 6«]8dfs{ pNn+3gnfO{ kmf}hbfƒL s;"ƒsf] ?kdf lnO{ s}b ;d]tsf] Joj‚yf uƒ]sf]df o; P]gn] eg] b]jfgL s;"ƒsf] ?kdf lnPsf] b]lvG5„

kl5Nnf] ;dodf g]kfndf c?sf] gfddf -vf;uƒL ljb]zdf_ btf{ eO{ k|rngdf ƒx]sf tƒ g]kfndf btf{ gePsf 6«]8dfs{sf] gSsn uƒL cfj]bg ug]{ k|a[lQ a9†b} uPsf] 5„ 6«]8dfs{sf] btf{ ƒfHoIf]qLo clwsfƒIf]q (Territorial Jurisdiction) sf] ljifo ePsf]n] ljefun] cfˆgf] 8f6fa];df vf]hL uƒL ;fƒe"t kƒLIf0f uƒL bfjL ljƒf]wsf nflu ;"rgf k|sflzt ug]{ ub{5„

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;f] qmddf cGo d'n'sdf btf{ ePsf 6«]8dfs{x¿sf] vf]hL, cWoog uƒL ;fƒe"t kƒLIf0f ug{ ljefunfO{ ;'ljwf ƒ afWotf ;d]t 5}g„ g]kfn k]lƒ; dxf;lGwsf] kIf d'n's ePsf]n] cGo d'n'sdf cfj]bg kZrft ;f] dxf;lGw cg';fƒ 5 dlxgfsf] u|fXotf ldltsf] ;x'lnot k|bfg ulƒg'n] klg g]kfndf ;+ƒIf0f k|fKt ug{sf nflu g]kfndf ;d]t btf{ x'g'kg]{ Joj‚yf ePsf] cf+sng ug{ ;lsG5„ P]gsf] bkmf @!v=df ljb]zdf btf{ ulƒPsf] 6]«8dfs{ ;DalGwt JolQmn] g]kfndf btf{ guƒfO{ To‚tf] 6]«8dfs{df lghsf] g]kfndf xs sfod x'g] 5}g eGg] ‚ki6 Joj‚yf ePtfklg unt dg;fon] c?sf] gfddf ljb]zdf btf{ ƒ k|rngdf ƒx]sf] 6«]8dfs{;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] lrGxsf] cfj]bg uƒ]df btf{ ug{ OGsfƒ ug]{ jf btf{ e};s]sf] ePtfklg abƒ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ‚ki6 sfg"gL Joj‚yf gePsf]n] ;d‚of pTkGg ePsf] 5„ kmn‚j?k, ‚ki6 sfg"gL Joj‚yfsf] cefjdf g]kfndf btf{ ƒ ;+ƒIf0fdf gƒx]sf 6«]8dfs{sf] ;DaGwdf klxnf cfj]bg ug]{n] jf klxnf k|rngdf Nofpg] dWo] s;n] k|fyldstf kfpg] eGg] ljifodf kmƒs kmƒs d'2fdf kmƒs kmƒs lg0f{o e} Ps?ktf sfod x'g g;Sbf a]nfavtdf sltko lg0f{ox¿ ljjfbdf kg]{ ;d]t uƒ]sf] kfOG5„

ljefusf lg0f{ox¿ dfq ge} cbfntaf6 ;d]t klxnf] cfj]bgn] k|fyldstf kfpg] xf] jf klxnf] k|of]u÷k|rngn] k|fyldstf kfpg] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf kmƒs kmƒs d'2fdf kmƒs kmƒs lsl;dn] JofVof ePsf] kfOG5„ pbfxƒ0fsf nflu ;'dL l8i6LnƒL k|f=ln= lj?4 Guinness United Distillers Vintners Amsterdan Bv (kl5 Diageo Bronds SBV sfod ePsf]_ 6«]8dfs{ btf{ d'2fdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ……g]kfn ;lGw P]g, @)$& cg';fƒ olb ;lGwsf Joj‚yf ƒ g]kfn sfg"g aflemPdf ;lGwsf] k|fjwfg nfu" x'G5„ g]kfnn] WTO sf] ;b‚o ePkZrft ldlt @)^#.*.* df lgsf;L k}7fƒL tyf af}l4s ;DklQ ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# dfkm{t† k]6]G6 l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@ sf] ;+zf]wg uƒL cf}Bf]lus ;DklQnfO{ cGtƒf{li6«o ;+ƒIf0f ug{ k|ltj4tf hgfO;s]sf] 5„ g]kfn kIf ag]sf] cGtƒf{li6«o ;lGwx¿ jf cGo 3f]if0ffx¿n] g]kfndf k|efjsflƒtfsf ;DaGwdf ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg ƒfi6«n] cGtƒf{li6«o hut ;fd' uƒ]sf] jrga4tf kfngf ug'{k5{„ s'g} dxf;lGwdf cfˆgf] k|ltlglwn] x‚tfIfƒ uƒL b]zsf] ljwflosfaf6 cg'df]bg ePkl5 jf sfg"gdf Joj‚yf ePdf To‚tf] Joj‚yfaf6 ƒfi6« Derogate x'g ;Sb}g„ ======= ========bkmf !*-#_ cg';fƒ btf{ e};s]sf 6«]8dfs{n] c? s;}sf] 6«]8dfs{sf] Vofltdf wSsf k'Ug] b]v]df ljefun] btf{ abƒ ug{ ;Sg] g} b]lvG5„ÚÚ -g]=sf=k= efu %#, c+s #, @)^* c;fƒ_ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]ƒf pNn]v uƒL klxnf] cfj]bg eGbf klg klxnf] k|of]u÷k|rngnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cfzosf] km};nf ePsf] kfOG5 eg] dbgk|;fb nD;fn lj?4 ƒ]K;f]gf klAns]zG; k|f=ln=sf] d'2fdf ……g]kfnsf] sfg"gn] btf{ ePsf] 6«]8dfs{sf] dfq ;'ƒIff ub{5 tƒ pBf]u ljefudf btf{ gePsf] 6«]8dfs{


hlt;'s} nfdf] cjlw;Dd k|of]u uƒ]sf] eP tfklg s]jn k|of]usf] cfwfƒdf dfq o;sf] ;h{s jf k|of]ustf{n] o‚tf] cbtf{ k|of]u ug]{ Psflwsfƒsf] xs k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}g„ ==== s]jn k|of]usf] cfwfƒdf dfq ;f] 6«]8dfs{ pkƒ bfjL ug]{sf] sfg"gL xs gx'g] ƒ o;ƒL s'g} JolQmsf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] 6«]8dfs{ lghsf] d~h'ƒLj]uƒ cGo JolQm, kmd{ jf sDkgLn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg] xs gx'g] s'ƒf pQm k]6]06, l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@ sf] bkmf !^, !*v=, !( tyf bkmf @% df ulƒPsf] Joj‚yfaf6 ‚ki6 b]lvof]„ÚÚ -g]=sf=k= efu %#, c+s (, @)^* kf}if_ eGg] Joxf]ƒfsf] klxnf] btf{nfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug'{kg]{] km};nf eO{ ghLƒ sfod ePsf] kfOG5„ o;y{ ‚ki6 sfg"gL Joj‚yfsf] cefjdf klxnf] btf{ jf klxnf] k|of]u dWo] s'g 6«]8dfs{n] dfGotf kfpg] eGg] ;Gbe{df ;j{q cGof]nsf] l‚ylt ;[hgf ePsf] kfOG5„ k|rlnt P]gsf] bkmf !* sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds jfSof+zdf ƒx]sf] ……c¿ s;}sf] 6]«8dfs{sf] Vofltdf wSsf kg]{ ‚fDefjgf 5 eGg] nfu]df jf ;f] 6]«8dfs{ klxn] c¿ s;}sf] gfddf btf{ e};s]sf] b]lvPdf ;f] 6]«8dfs{ btf{ ulƒg] 5}gÚÚ eGg] Joj‚yf ƒ ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -#_ df ƒx]sf] ……pkbkmf -!_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zdf n]lvPsf] s'g} cj‚yf 5 eGg] nfu]df ljefun] btf{ ePsf] s'g} 6]«8dfs{sf] btf{ abƒ ug{ ;Sg]5ÚÚ eGg] Joj‚yfn] dfq unt dg;fon] cfj]bg uƒ]df klxnf] cfj]bg g} ;w} k|an gx'g] JofVof ug{ c;'ljwf ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf sdg n k|0ffnL ckgfpg] cGo d'n'sx¿n] h‚t} Passing Off ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj‚yf ug{ cTofjZos e};s]sf] 5„

k]lƒ; dxf;lGwsf] wfƒf 6bis n] o;sf kIf d'nsx¿nfO{ ;'klƒlrt lrGx (Well Known Marks) x¿sf] k'g?Tkfbg ulƒPsf] jf To‚tf] z+sf pTkGg x'g] uƒL gSsn ulƒPsf lrGxx¿ btf{ ug{ OGsfƒ ug{ ƒ btf{ e};s]sf] eP klg abƒ ug]{ lhDd]jfƒL k|bfg uƒ]sf] 5„ ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sx¿n] o;sf ;DaGwdf ljleGg dfkb08x¿sf] cfwfƒdf -ahfƒ lx‚;f, ahfƒsf] If]q, lj1fkg, k|of]udf NofPsf] ;dofjlw, hgdfg;df Voflt, cGo d'n'sdf ePsf] cfj]bg jf btf{ cflb_ to uƒL ;'klƒlrt lrGxx¿sf] ljjƒ0f tofƒ uƒL k|sflzt ug]{ uƒ]sf] kfOG5„ g]kfn ;f] dxf;lGwsf] kIf d'n's ePsf]n] ;'klƒlrt lrGxx¿sf] ;+ƒIf0f ug'{ g]kfnsf] bfloTj x'g cfpFb5 tƒ o; ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj‚yfsf] cefjdf pQm dxf;lGwaf6 ;[lht bfloTj ;d]t lgjf{x x'g ;s]sf] kfO{+b}g„ o;sf ;fy} cGo d'n'sx¿df ;'klƒlrt lrGxsf] ?kdf dfGotf k|fKt uƒ]sf lrGxx¿ btf{ x'g;Sg] hf]lvd klg plQs} ƒx]sf] 5„ ;'klƒlrt lrGxx¿sf] cnfjf lgif]lwt lrGxx¿ (Prohibited Marks), s;}sf] klg Psflwsfƒ gƒxg] lrGxx¿ (Non Proprietary Marks) cflbsf] ;Gbe{df ;d]t ;d'lrt sfg"gL Joj‚yfsf] cefj ƒx]sf] 5„

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g]kfn lrGxx¿sf] juL{sƒ0f ;DaGwL gL; ;Demf}tf (Nice Agreement Concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks, 1957) sf] kIf xfn;Dd gePtfklg o; ;Demf}tfn] lgwf{ƒ0f uƒ] jdf]lhd j‚t' ƒ ;]jfx¿nfO{ ljleGg ;d"xdf juL{sƒ0f uƒL Jofkfƒ lrGx ƒ ;]jf lrGxsf] btf{ ug]{ sfo{ eg] x'Fb} cfPsf] 5„ g]kfndf s]jn ju{sf] cfwfƒdf dfq 6«]8dfs{ btf{ x'g] Joj‚yfn] ubf{ xƒ]s ju{ cGtu{t kg]{ pkju{x¿sf] cfwfƒdf 6«]8dfs{ btf{ gx'gfn] klg ;d‚of pTkGg ePsf] 5„ pbfxƒ0fsf nflu ju{ #) cGtu{tsf] pkju{ #))!(( df kg]{ a]lsª kfp8ƒdf k|of]usf nflu æMagicÆ gfds 6«]8dfs{sf] nflu s;}sf] cfj]bg jf btf{ 5 eg] cGo s;}nfO{ ;f]xL ju{sf] pkju{ #)))#* df kg]{ rsn]6df k|of]usf nflu ;f] æMagicÆ gfdsf] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ulƒlbg gldNg] cj‚yf ƒx]sf] 5„ kmn‚j?k cfj]bsx¿sf] 5gf}6sf] bfoƒf ;fF3'lƒPsf]n] o;tkm{ klg oyf;Dej l56f] cfjZos sfg"gL Joj‚yf x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5„

6«]8dfs{sf] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf] csf]{ ;d‚of eg]sf] Jofkflƒs gfdsf] btf{ uƒfPkl5 jf 8f]d]g g]d btf{ uƒfPkl5 ;f] gfdn] ‚jtM 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf ;+ƒIf0f k|fKt ub{5 eGg] cfd;d'bfodf ƒx]sf] e|d klg xf]„ Jofkflƒs gfd eg]sf] Joj;fosf] k"ƒf gfd xf], h‚t} ;]tf] xfQL k|f=ln=„ o;n] pQm Jofkflƒs sDkgLsf] klxrfg ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 ƒ k|f=ln= h‚tf sDkgLsf] sfg"gL emns lbg] zJbfjnL k|of]u ePsf] x'G5„ pbfxƒ0fsf nflu æP]+;]n' k|f=ln=Æ n] cfˆgf pTkfbgx¿ æcf]vƒÆ jf æglƒjnÆ gfdsf] 6«]8dfs{af6 klg ljqmL ug{ ;Sb5„ tƒ cfkm"n] btf{ guƒ]sf] cj‚yfdf cGonfO{ æP]+;]n'Æ gfdsf] 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug{ ƒ ;+ƒIf0f ug{af6 ƒf]Sg ;Sb}g„ Jofkflƒs gfdnfO{ g} Jofkfƒ lrGxsf] ?kdf k|of]u uƒ]df ;f]sf] klg k[ys 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug'{kb{5„ ;fy} 8f]d]g g]d btf{af6 pQm gfdn] ‚jtM 6«]8dfs{sf] ;+ƒIf0f k|fKt gug]{ x'Fbf 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf cnUu} btf{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5„ h‚t} olb s;}n] æpalpalidhaka.comÆ gfdsf] 8f]d]g g]d btf{ uƒ]sf] 5 eg] ;f] cfwfƒdf dfq p;n] cGo pTkfbssf pTkfbgdf ækfNkfnL 9fsfÆ zJb cgnfOg jf ckmnfOgdf k|of]u ug{af6 ƒf]Sg ;Sb}g„ o;y{ Joj;flos gfd jf 8f]d]g g]dnfO{ 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf ;+ƒIf0f k|fKt ug{sf nflu ;f]nfO{ 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf btf{ ug{]tkm{ Joj;flos hut ;dod} ;r]t x'g cfjZos 5„

ljutsf s]xL jif{x¿df 6«]8dfs{sf] ljlwzf‚qLo dfGotfdf 7"nf] ljsf; ePsf] 5„ pkef]Qmfx¿n] klg j‚t' jf ;]jfsf] Kofs]lhªsf] k|s[lt, ƒ+u, uGw jf cfjfhsf] dfWodaf6 pTkfbssf] klxrfg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g†„ cIfƒ, nf]uf], lrq cflbsf] l4cfoflds k|‚t'tLdf dfq ;Lldt gƒx]sf o‚tf 6«]8dfs{nfO{ u}ƒkƒDkƒfut 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf dfGotf lbg] ljZjJofkL k|rng z'? ePsf] 5„ lj1fg ƒ k|ljlwsf] ljsf;;Fu} cfh u}ƒkƒDkƒfut 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf ƒx]sf lrGxx¿ eljiodf kƒDkƒfut x'g;Sg] ƒ cfhsf] cj‚yfdf cg'dfg g} gulƒPsf gofF


k|sfƒsf lrGxx¿ u}ƒkƒDkƒfut lrGxsf] ?kdf ljsf; x'g] ;Defjgf klg Tolts} ƒx]sf] 5„ k|rlnt sfg"gdf ælrGxÆ eGgfn] s] s'ƒfnfO{ hgfpFb5 elg klƒeflift gulƒPsf]n] o; cGtu{t ƒ+u, cfjfh cflb u}ƒkƒDkƒfut lrGxx¿ klg kg{ ;Sg] jf g;Sg] eGg]tkm{ kof{Kt ax; ƒ JofVof x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5„ g]kfndf xfn;Dd o; k|sfƒsf u}ƒkƒDkƒfut lrGxx¿sf] btf{ ePsf] kfO{b}g„ tyflk, ;"rgf ƒ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ƒ ljZjJofkLsƒ0fsf] k|efj ;+u;Fu} kƒDkƒfut?kdf cfj]bg gulƒPsf gofF vfnsf u}ƒkƒDkƒfut 6«]8dfs{ btf{sf] nflu cfj]bg kg{ ;Sg] k|an ;DefjgfnfO{ OGsfƒ ug{ ;ls+b}g„ g]kfndf xfn ljlwjt ?kdf btf{ gulƒPtf klg ljleGg sDkgLx¿n] ƒ+u ƒ cfjfhnfO{ cfˆgf] Joj;fo k|j4{gsf nflu 6«]8dfs{sf] ?kdf k|of]u ulƒcfPsf] kfOG5„ -pbfxƒ0fsf nflu g]kfn 6]lnsdsf] gLnf] ƒ+usf] nf]uf] ƒ Pg;]nsf] a}hgL ƒ+usf] nf]uf] tyf tL sDkgLx¿sf] Jofkflƒs w'gsf] cfjfhnfO{ lng ;lsG5„_ t;y{ o‚tf u}ƒkƒDkƒfut lrGxsf] ;DaGwdf klg ca aGg] sfg"gdf kof{Kt Joj‚yf ulƒg' ƒ lrGxsf] klƒefiff ;d]t ulƒg' cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5„ g]kfndf nueu cfwf ztfJbL k'ƒfgf] cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ sfg"gsf] ;do;fk]If ;'wfƒ ug'{ cklƒxfo{ e};s]sf] 5„ ljBdfg sfg"gdf 6fn6'n uƒ]ƒ jf tby{jfbL ;+zf]wg uƒ]ƒ dfq klg ;d‚of ;dfwfg x'g] gb]lvPsf]n] ;d"x lrGx, k|df0fLsƒ0f lrGx ƒ ef}uf]lns ;+s]t nufotsf ljifoj‚t'x¿ ;d]t ;dfj]z uƒL ;du| 6«]8dfs{ sfg"gdf g} cfd"n klƒjt{gsf] vfFrf] ƒx]sf] 5„ o;sf ;fy} Psn lgj]bgaf6 w]ƒ} d'n'sdf 6«]8dfs{ btf{ ug{ ;lsg] d]l8«8 k|0ffnLsf] ;b‚o aGg klg l9nf e};s]sf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ ;+ƒIf0f ;DaGwL cnUu} lgsfosf] ‚yfkgf uƒL k|efjsfƒL ;+ƒIf0f ug]{ sfo{ klg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒsf] k|fyldstfdf kg'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5„

;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM!= g]kfn–k]6]06, l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ sfg"g, !((#

@= g]=sf=k= efu %#, c+s #, @)^* c;fƒ

#= g]=sf=k= efu %#, c+s (, @)^* kf}if

$= k]6]06, l8hfog ƒ 6«]8dfs{ P]g, @)@@

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dlxnfd}qL jt{dfg cf}Bf]lus sfg"g / efjL sfo{lbzf

lji-f's'df/L e';fnzfvf clws[t, pBf]u dGqfno

-+!_ k[i7e"ldb]zsf] s'n hg;+Vofdf cfwfeGbf a9L lx‚;f cyf{t %)=)$ k|ltzt dlxnfn] cf]u6]sf 5g†„ cfwf eGbf j9L cfsfz ƒ k[YjL 9fSg] dlxnfx¿sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ƒfhg}lts nufotsf If]qsf] ljsf; ;DjGwL ;"rsfÍ Go"g ePsf sfƒ0f dlxnfsf] xslxtsf nflu ljleGg k|of;x¿ ulƒPsf] 5„ dlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf; ƒ ;zQmLsƒ0fsf nfludlxnfx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs ljsf; ƒ ;zQmLsƒ0fsf nflu ;+ljwfgdf dlxnfsf] xs k|Tofe"t ulƒPsf] 5„ n}lËs d"nk|jfxLsƒ0fsf nflu ljleGg P]g, lgod, ƒ0fgLlt ƒ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf 5g†„ ljljw ;ƒsfƒL k|of;sf sfƒ0f dlxnf 3ƒd"nL @%=& k|ltzt, ;DklQdfly dlxnfsf] ‚jfldTj @^ k|ltzt, lghfdtL k|zf;gdf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj !& k|ltzt, dlxnf ;fIfƒtf %&=$ k|ltzt ƒ >d ;xeflutf bƒ %$ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5„ n}lËs c;dfgtf ;"rs )=$*(, dlxnfsf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rs )=%@! ƒ ;+;b†df ;xeflutf @(=( k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5„ To;}uƒL ;ƒsfƒåfƒf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿df n}lËs pQƒbfoL ah]6 cf=j= @)&$÷)&% df #&=$@ k|ltzt k'u]sf] 5„

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf cfdfsf] gfdaf6 gfulƒstf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg], dlxnfnfO{ n}lËs e]befjljgf ;dfg j+zLo xs x'g], dlxnfnfO{ ;'ƒlIft dft[Tj ƒ k|hgg ‚jf‚Yosf] xs x'g], ƒfHosf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwfƒdf ;xeflutf ƒxg], dlxnfn] lzIff, ‚jf‚Yo, ƒf]hufƒL ƒ ;fdflhs ;'ƒIffdf ;sfƒfTds lje]bsf cfwfƒdf ljz]if cj;ƒ k|fKt ug]{, ;DklQ tyf kflƒjflƒs dfldnfdf bDktLsf] ;dfg xs x'g] Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„ To‚t} ;ª†3Lo ;+;b† ƒ k|b]z ;efdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b‚osf] sDtLdf PsltxfO dlxnf ;b‚o x'g], k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v ƒ pk;efd'vdWo] Pshgf ƒ ƒfli6«o ;efsf] cWoIf ƒ pkfWoIfdWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g], k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z pk;efd'vdWo] Pshgf dlxnf x'g], ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf rfƒhgf tyf guƒ sfo{kflnsfdf kfFrhgf dlxnf ;b‚o ƒxg], lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltdf sDtLdf tLghgf dlxnf ƒxg], ufpFkflnsf ƒ guƒkflnsfsf] k|To]s j8faf6 sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]uƒL ufpF;ef ƒ guƒ;efsf] u7g x'g], ƒfli6«o dlxnf cfof]u ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ¿kdf ƒxg] ƒ ;f]sf cWoIf ƒ ;b‚ox¿ dlxnfdfq ƒxg];d]tsf dxTjk"0f{ xs clwsfƒx¿ Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5„

�0 pBf]u / ljsf;

s"n hg;+Vofsf] cfwf eGbf al9 lx‚;f cf]u6]sf dlxnfx¿sf] ljleGg If]qdf h‚t} pBf]u If]qdf klg Go"g ;xeflutf ePsf] s'ƒfnfO{ dWoghƒ uƒL dlxnf pBf]uL÷Joj;foLsf] ;xeflutf a9fO{ ƒf]hufƒLsf] cj;ƒ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] cf}Bf]lus sfg"gx¿df dlxnfnfO{ k|ToIf lxt x'g] uƒL ljleGg Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] kfOG5„

-@_ cf}Bf]lus sfg"gdf dlxnf ;DaGwL Joj:yfpBf]u If]q d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwfƒ‚tDesf] ?kdf ƒx]sf] If]q xf]„ b]zsf] s'n ufx{‚Yo pTkfbgdf slƒj ^ k|ltzt of]ubfg lbPsf] pBf]u If]qn] ‚yfgLo >f]t, ;fwg, ;Lk ƒ k|ljlwsf] pkof]u ub}{ nfvf}+nfO{ ƒf]hufƒLsf] cj;ƒ l;h{gf uƒ]sf] 5„ cfwfƒe"t cfjZostfsf j‚t'x¿sf] ;fy} lgof{td"ns j‚t'x¿sf] pTkfbgaf6 cfoft k|lt‚yfkg uƒLlgof{t k|j4{g uƒ]ƒ Jofkfƒ ;Gt'ng sfod ƒfVg 6]jf k'ƒ†ofPsf] 5„ dlxnfx¿nfO{ cem a9L pBf]u Joj;fodf ;+nUg uƒfO{ a9L eGbf a9L ƒf]hufƒLsf cj;ƒ k|bfg ug{ tyf pBf]u Joj;fosf] If]qdf cufl8 a9†g k|f]T;flxt ug]{ p2]Zon] dlxnfsf] cfly{s ;zlQmsƒ0fsf nflu ;dfj]zL cjwfƒ0ff cg';fƒ cf}Bf]lus sfg"gdf ljz]if Joj‚yfx¿ ulƒPsf] 5„

-s_ cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& df dlxnf pBdLx¿sf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ;fj{hlgs, lghL ƒ ;xsfƒL If]qsf] k|efjsfƒL, ;dGjofTds ƒ ;fd~h‚ok"0f{ ;xsfo{df lbuf] Pj+ j[xt cfwfƒ ;lxtsf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 ƒfli6«o cy{tGqdf pNn]vgLo of]ubfg k'ƒ†ofO{ ulƒjL Go"gLsƒ0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] bL3{sfnLg nIo ƒx]sf] cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] nflu sf]z]9'+uf ;fljt ePsf] 5„ cf}Bf]lus gLlt, @)^& df dlxnf pBdLx¿sf nflu ePsf ljz]if Joj‚yf lgDgfg';fƒ 5g† M

• s'g} klg pBf]u÷Joj;fo ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ txdf ;DalGwt cf}Bf]lus Joj;fodf ;+nUg cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, l;dfGts[t ju{sf dlxnfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj clgjfo{ ulƒg]„

• 3ƒ]n' tyf ;fgf ‚tƒsf dlxnf pBdLx¿nfO{ ;ƒn tyf ;'ne tlƒsfaf6 C0f k|jfx ug{ ljleGg a}+lsË tyf ;xsfƒL ;+‚yfx¿df ;d'x C0fsf] Joj‚yf ulƒg].

• pBf]u ‚yfkgf ubf{ lbOg] Venture Capital df dlxnfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]„

• dlxnfsf] gfddf dfq pBf]u btf{ ulƒPdf To‚tf] pBf]u btf{ ubf{ nfUg] btf{ b‚t'ƒdf #% k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{g]„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

• dlxnf pBdLx¿n] cf}Bf]lus If]qdf pBf]u ƒfVg rfx]df ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] „

• dlxnf pBdlzntf ljsf; uƒL dlxnfx¿nfO{ pBdL aGg k|f]T;fxg ug{ k|ljlw ljsf;;DjGwL tfnLd, ;ef, ;]ldgfƒ, cWoog e|d0f bndf dlxnf pBdLx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ulƒg]„

• ljleGg ljsf; If]qx¿df ‚yfkgf x'g] ljqmL sIfx¿df dlxnf pBdLx¿4fƒf pTkflbt ;fdfgx¿sf] ljqmL sIfsf] ;d]t Joj‚yf ulƒg]„

• ;ƒsfƒL lgsfo4fƒf ;+rfng ulƒg] pBf]u Joj;fo;DaGwL k|bz{gLdf dlxnf pBdL÷Joj;foLx¿nfO{ clgjfo{?kdf ;+nUg uƒfOg]„

• cfˆgf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg lgof{t ug]{ dlxnf pBdL÷Joj;foLx¿nfO{ Joj;fosf] ljQLo l‚yltsf] cfwfƒdf lgof{t shf{ pknAw uƒfpg] Joj‚yf ulƒg]„

• dlxnfsf] gfddf dfq btf{ ePsf] pBf]unfO{ cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ k]6]06, l8hfO{g ƒ 6]«8dfs{ btf{ uƒfpFbf nfUg] b‚t"ƒdf @) k|ltzt 5'6 lbO{g]„

• dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf;sf nflu 5'§} dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if v8f ulƒg]„

• dlxnf pBdLsf] ljsf;sf] nflu pBf]u dGqfnodf 5'6†6} laifout PsfO (unit) v8f ulƒg]„

• ;a} pBf]u Joj;fon] dlxnf pBdL, dlxnf sfdbfƒ ƒ dlxnf ;]jfu|fxLsf] clwsfƒ ;+ƒIf0fsf nflu sfo{‚yndf n}+lustfdf cfwflƒt ;a} k†sfƒsf lx+;fhGo sfo{ ƒ Jojxfƒsf] ƒf]syfd ƒ lgoGq0fsf nflu lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu" ug{ clgjfo{ Joj‚yf ulƒg]„

• pBf]u k|j4{g;DaGwL of]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6sf] sfof{GjognfO{ n}+lus d}qL t'NofO{ n}+lus ;dfgtfsf] k|Tofe"lt ;'lglZrt ug{ ;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf} n}+lus ljZn]if0f ƒ n]vfhf]vf (Gender Analysis and Assessment), n}+lus kƒLIf0f (Gender Audit) tyf n}+lus ah]6 (Gender Budget) k4lt sfof{Gjogdf NofOg]„


-v_ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]g, @)&# df dlxnf pBdLsf nflu ePsf yk ;'ljwf M • dlxnf pBdLsf] dfq ‚jfldTj ƒxg] uƒL pBf]u btf{ ulƒPdf To‚tf] pBf]u btf{

ubf{ k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] pBf]u btf{ b‚t"ƒdf k}FtL; k|ltzt 5'6 x'g]„

• dlxnf pBdLsf] dfq ‚jfldTj ƒxg] uƒL btf{ ePsf] pBf]udf k|of]u ulƒg] cf}Bf]lus ;DklQ btf{ uƒfpFbf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd nfUg] b‚t"ƒdf aL; k|ltzt 5'6 x'g]„

• dlxnf pBdLn] cf}Bf]lus If]qdf pBf]u ‚yfkgf ug{ rfx]df cf}Bf]lus If]qleqsf] ‚yfg k|fyldstfsf cfwfƒdf tf]lsP adf]lhd pknAw uƒfOg]„

• dlxnf pBdLsf] dfq ‚jfldTj ƒx]sf] pBf]un] cfˆgf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg lgof{t ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu shf{ dfu uƒ]df dlxnf pBdLsf] Joj;fosf] ljQLo l‚yltsf] cfwfƒdf tf]lsP adf]lhd lgof{t shf{ pknAw uƒfpg ;lsg]„

• g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] d'n'ssf] cf}Bf]lus ljsf;, k|j4{g tyf ;+ƒIf0fsf nflu lghL tyf ;xsfƒL If]q ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf cfjZostf cg';fƒ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]ifsf] ‚yfkgf ug]{„

• pBf]usf] k|j4{g, ‚yfkgf, nufgL clej[l4, ;+ƒIf0f ƒ lj‚tfƒ uƒL cf}Bf]lusLsƒ0fsf] ultnfO{ tLa|tf lbg] p2]Zon] ;xhLsƒ0f tyf ;dGjo ;lxt cfjZos gLltut lg0f{o ug{] pBf]u tyf nufgL k|j4{g af]8{df dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3sf] cWoIf ƒ sDtLdf Ps hgf dlxnf pBdLnfO{ ;b‚osf] ?kdf ƒflvPsf] 5„

• tLg ;o jf ;f]eGbf a9L ƒ afx| ;o jf ;f]eGbf a9L g]kfnL gfulƒsnfO{ jif{elƒ g} k|ToIf ƒf]hufƒL lbg] pTkfbgd"ns pBf]u, ;"rgf tyf ;~rfƒ k|ljlw pBf]unfO{ ;f] jif{sf] cfodf nfUg] sƒsf] qmdzM kGw| k|ltzt ƒ kRrL; k|ltzt tyf o; adf]lhd ƒf]hufƒLk|fKt g]kfnL gfulƒsx¿dWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt dlxnf, blnt jf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿ ƒx]df To‚tf] pBf]unfO{ ;f] jif{sf] cfodf nfUg] sƒdf yk kGw| k|ltzt sƒ 5'6 x'g]„

-u_ cfly{s ljw]os, @)&$ df ePsf] Joj:yf• dlxnf, blnt jf ckfËx¿dWo] sDtLdf t]QL; k|ltztnfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z uƒL

Ps ;o hgfeGbf a9L g]kfnL gfulƒsnfO{ jif{eƒL k|ToIf ƒf]hufƒL lbPsf] ljz]if pBf]unfO{ pQm jif{sf] cfodf nfUg] sƒsf] c;L k|ltzt dfq sƒ nufOg]„

��pBf]u / ljsf;

• dlxnf, ;QƒL jif{ eGbf a9L pd]ƒsf Ho]i7 gfulƒs ƒ gfafnssf] gfddf h'g;'s} k|sfƒaf6 ‚jfldTj k|fKt x'g] ulƒ kflƒt x'g] lnvtdf nufOPsf] ƒlhi6«]zg b‚t'ƒdf kRrL; k|ltzt 5'6 x'g]5„ tƒ Psn dlxnfsf] xsdf eg] k}tL; k|ltzt 5'6 x'g]5„

-3_ cfos/ P]g, @)%* df ePsf] Joj:yf• kflƒ>lds cfo dfq ePsf] afl;Gbf k|fs[lts JolQm dlxnf ePdf sƒ ƒsddf

!) k|ltzt 5'6sf] Joj‚yf 5„

-ª_ rf}wf}+ of]hgf• pBf]u lzif{sdf dlxnf pBdlzntf ljsf; sf]if dfkm{t dlxnf pBdLx¿nfO{

shf{df kx'Fr j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ pNn]v 5„

• n}+lus ;dfgtf tyf dlxnf ;zQmLsƒ0f lzif{sdf ljsf; sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ a9LeGbf a9L ƒf]hufƒLd"ns ƒ n}lËs b[li6n] pQƒbfoL agfpg cfof]hgfsf ;a} rƒ0fdf n}lËs k4ltx¿sf] ljsf;, sfof{Gjog ƒ cg'udg ug]{, dlxnfx¿nfO{ Joj;fo ;~rfng tyf cfod"ns sfo{ uƒL ‚jƒf]hufƒL, pBdzLntf ljsf; ug{ ;x'lnot C0f tyf ljQLo kx'Frsf] Joj‚yf ldnfpg], dlxnfsf] >d ƒ ;dosf] art ug]{ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ƒ k|of]udf hf]8 lbg], dlxnf ;d"x, ;+‚yfåfƒf pTkflbt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] u'0f‚tƒ k|j4{g ƒ ahfƒ kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ ƒ s]Gb|Lo ah]6 k|0ffnLdf n}lËs pQƒbfoL ah]6 ljlgof]hg j[l4 ub}{ of] k|0ffnLnfO{ ‚yfgLo ‚tƒ;Dd ;+‚yfut ug]{ pNn]v 5„

-r_ cfly{s jif{ @)&$.&% sf] ah]6 aStJo• k|fyldstfsf If]qdf pBd ;~rfng uƒL cg'ej k|fKt uƒ]sf dlxnf

pBdLx¿sf] ;Lk ƒ bIftf ljsf; tyf k|ljlw k|j4{g ulƒg]5„

• pTs[i6tfsf cfwfƒdf dlxnf pBdL k|f]T;fxg k'ƒ‚sfƒ k|bfg ulƒg]5„

• lk5l8Psf u|fdL0f dlxnf nlIftpBdzLntfdf hf]8 lbOg]5„ n3', 3ƒ]n', ;fgf ƒ demf}nf pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{g uƒL‚yfgLo ;|f]t, ;fwg ƒ ;Lksf] cfwfƒdf ‚yfgLo dfu cg';fƒsf j‚t'x¿ pTkfbg uƒL cfjZos k|j4{g, Joj‚yfkg, ƒ ahfƒ k|j4{gdf Ifdtf ljsf; ulƒg]5„


-5_ ljz]if cfly{s If]q P]g, @)&# • ljz]if cfly{s If]q k|flwsƒ0fsf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf dlxnf pBdL dxf;+3sf]

cWoIf jf lghn] tf]s]sf] ;b‚onfO{ ;ldltsf] ;b‚odf ƒflvPsf] 5„

-h_ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]if ;~rfng sfo{ljlw, @)^(• dlxnfnfO{ pBdL aGg k|f]T;fxg ug{, dlxnfsf] gfddf pBf]usf] ‚yfkgf, ;~rfng,

k|j4{g Pjd† k|ljlw ljsf;df ;xof]u k'ƒ†ofpg ljgf lwtf] shf{ k|jfx ug{ dlxnf pBdzLntf ljsf; sf]ifaf6 Ps cfly{s jif{df ?= % nfv;Dd ̂ k|ltztsf] Jofh bƒdf shf{ k|jfx x'g] Joj‚yf 5„

-em_ cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf sfo{:yndf x'g] n}lu+s lx+;f lj?4sf] cfrf/;lx+tf, @)^&• cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf n}lu+sd}qL jftfjƒ0f lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]Zon] of] cfrfƒ;+lxtf

sfo{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5„

-`_ ul/jL lgjf/0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd ;+rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&)• n3' pBdsf] ljsf; ƒ k|j4{g uƒL ulƒaL lgjfƒ0f ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu &)

k|ltzt dlxnfnlIft sfo{qmdx¿ ;+rfng ulƒPsf] 5„

-6_ cGo Joj:yf• g]kfn ;ƒsfƒn] ljut Ps bzs b]lv n}lu+s ?kdf pQƒbfoL ah]6sf] lgdf{0f

ug]{p2]Zon] dlxnfnfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf nfe k'¥ofpg sfo{qmdnfO{ k|ToIf, ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xof]u k'ƒ††ofpg] vfnsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ck|ToIf ƒ s'g} klg lsl;dn] nfe gk'Ug] sfo{qmddf t6‚y uƒL n}+lus pQƒbfoL ah]6sf] Joj‚yf uƒ]sf] 5„ cf=j= @)&$÷)&% df pQm ah]6 #& k|ltzt k'ƒofPsf] 5„

• dWosfnLg vr{ ;+ƒrgfdf cfof]hgf 5gf]6 ubf{ ljleGg cfwfƒx¿ dWo] ;dfj]zLsƒ0f tyf n}ËLsLsƒ0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] vfnsf cfof]hgfnfO{ k|fyldstfdf ƒfvL 5gf]6 ug]{ Joj‚yf 5„

• ;g† @)#) ;Dddf lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf nIox¿ dWo] kfrf}+ nIo n}lu+s ;dfgtf xfl;n ug]]{ ƒx]sf] 5„

pNn]lvt sfg"gx¿n] k|ToIf ?kdf dlxnfx¿nfO{ pBf]u Joj;fodf cfs{lift ug]{ jftfjƒ0f >[hgf uƒ]sf] kfOG5„

-#_ sdhf]/Lx¿dlxnfnfO{ cGo If]q h‚t} cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ;d]t lx‚;]bfƒ agfpg tyf dlxnfd}qL cf}Bf]lus

��pBf]u / ljsf;

jftfjƒ0f lgdf{0f ug{ ljleGg Joj‚yf x'Fbf x'b} klg o;df b]xfosf sdL–sdhf]ƒLx¿ ƒx]sf 5g† M

• cf}Bf]lus sfg'gdf ePsf dlxnf ;DaGwL k|fjwfgx¿sf] k|rfƒ k|;fƒsf] sdL x'g',

• dlxnf pBdL ;DaGwL v08Ls[t tYofÍsf] sdL x'g',

• dlxnf pBdL k|a4{gsf nflu ;Da4 kIfx¿ aLr ;dGjosf] cefj x'g' ƒ sfddf bf]xf]ƒf]kgf b]vf kg'{,

• dlxnf pBdL ;DaGwL sfg'gL k|fjwfgx¿df Ps?ktf gx'g',

• sfg"gL k|fjwfgx¿sf] k|lqmofut hl6ntfn] ubf{ cfkm†gf] clwsfƒ k|lt dlxnf pBdL pbfl;g x'g',

• sfg"gL Joj‚yfx¿sf] k|efjsfƒL ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ;+oGq gx'g',

• dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] cfjZostfsf] a'emfOdf ;j} lgsfosf] ;dfg wfƒ0ff gx'g',dlxnfd}qL pBdsf] ljsf; ug]{ lhDd]jfƒL pBf]u dGqfnosf] dfq xf] eGg] a'emfO x'g'„

-$_ efjL sfo{lbzfdlxnfx¿sf] ;zlQmsƒ0fsf nflu cf}Bf]lus sfg"gx¿df klg ljleGg Joj‚yfx¿ ulƒPsf 5g†„ oL k|fjwfgx¿n] Toltj]nf dfq ;fy{stf kfpg]5g† hltj]nf tL k|fjwfgsf] cIfƒzM sfof{Gjog x'g]5„ o;sf] nflu casf] sfo{lbzf b]xfo cg';fƒ x'g'kb{5 M

• cf}Bf]lus sfg"gdf ePsf dlxnf pBdL ;DjGwL k|fjwfgsf] afƒ]df dlxnf pBdL nufot ;du| dlxnfx¿nfO{ krf{, kDkn]6, xf]l8{Ë af]8{ tyf ƒ]l8of], 6]lnlehg, PkmPd, kqklqsfaf6 hfgsfƒLd"ns ;"rgf k|jfx uƒ]ƒ hgr]tgf km}nfO{ cfkm†gf] clwsfƒk|lt pgLx¿nfO{ hfgsfƒ jgfpg'kb{5„

• sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog;Fu ;DjlGwt ;j} kIfx¿ aLr ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ ƒ ;fem]bfƒL x'g'kb{5„

• sfo{of]hgf agfPƒ ;f] jdf]lhd ;dod} dlxnf pBdL ;DjGwL k|fjwfgx¿sf] sfof{Gjog uƒL pBf]u If]qdf dlxnf pBdLsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg' kb{5„

• sƒ ;DaGwL sfg"g ƒ pBf]u jfl0fHo;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gn] lbPsf ;x'lnotdf Ps?ktf x'g'kb{5 ƒ ;x'lnot sfof{Gjogof]Uo x'g'kb{5„


• One size fit for all dfGotfsf] ;§f dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] rfxgf, cfjZostfnfO{ ;Djf]wg uƒL dfu ƒ ;Ifdtfsf] cfwfƒdf sfo{qmd Nofpg'k5{„ o;sf] nflu dlxnf pBdLx¿sf] vl08s[t tYofªsf] ljsf; ug'{k5{„

• sfg"gL Joj‚yfx¿sf] k|efjsfƒL ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu sfo{of]hgf, sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug'{k5{„

• k|Tofe"t ulƒPsf] sfg"gL clwsfƒ k|fKt ug{sf] nflu nfUg] nfut tyf k|lqmofut sl7gfO{nfO{ ;ƒnLsƒ0f ug'{k5{„

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Micro Enterprise Development as foundation for economic growth in Nepal

Ramji P. Neupane, PhD

National Project Manager, MEDEP

Background:Nepal is a country with abundant natural resources with immense opportunity of promoting micro-enterprises for economic growth. They can be found everywhere from the small stretch of plains in the southern border called Tarai to rugged mountain topography of Himalayan region in the north. The micro-enterprises play vital role in Nepal’s economic and social development. They are essential for achieving the poverty alleviation goals, create jobs and improve livelihoods by generating incomes. Poor households across the country obtain essential incomes through the revenues of micro enterprises, which are largely operated by women. Micro-enterprises also add value to local products and provide essential local services. Despite these benefits, there are also challenges ranging from low scale of production, marketing of entrepreneur’s products, insufficient employment generation, limited scope for scale up and sustainability. Limited numbers of micro enterprises survive to grow into small enterprises and generate adequate employment. Competition from large scale production with use of improved technology from outside Nepal makes the local resources and skills based micro-enterprises vulnerable to stay operational. Impact of globalization, access to appropriate technology and essential support services are other challenges faced by micro-entrepreneurs (ME).

Realizing the importance of micro-enterprises in poverty alleviation and job creation, the Micro-Enterprise Development Program (MEDEP) was conceptualized and initiated in 1998. Thereafter, the program has emerged as a successful micro enterprise development (MED) model in helping people living below the poverty line and excluded groups to start micro enterprises. The Ministry of Industry (MoI), Government of Nepal (GoN) has institutionalized the MED model as the Micro Enterprise Development for Poverty Alleviation (MEDPA) program. MEDEP is providing technical assistance to implement MEDPA. Through sustainable development of micro-enterprises, MEDPA aims to address the issues of poverty


alleviation and employment generation in the country. Currently operating in 69 districts, the MEDPA will reach all 75 districts from next fiscal year (2074/75). After the successful institutionalization of MED into government systems as MEDPA, the MEDEP is going to exit by July 2018.

MEDEP and MEDPA:The MEDEP is a joint poverty alleviation initiative of MoI/GoN and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) which is currently being supported by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), Australian Government. MEDEP is known for its efforts in the creation of large numbers of ME from among the poor, the hard-core poor, marginalised1 and vulnerable groups like women, youths and dalits. Many of those poor and socially excluded entrepreneurs promoted by MEDEP over the years have now lifted themselves above the poverty line and have been empowered. The current phase of the project was conceptualized to support the GoN in internalizing the MED model into MEDPA by capacity development of GoN, the micro-enterprise development service providers (MEDSP) and micro-entrepreneurs association (MEA). To implement the program, the GoN has approved the MEDPA strategy plan and guidelines. As a successful model of poverty alleviation and employment creation, MEDPA is being integrated into the approved 14th national three year plan (FY 2016/17-FY 2018/19) by the National Planning Commission (NPC). The entrepreneurs are created by sub-contracting with specialized agencies- the MEDSPs which are selected through competitive bidding process.

The MEDSPs implement the program under the results based sub-contracting mechanism. The numbers of MEDSPs capable of implementing the program as per the MED model are now available at the district level. In an independent study undertaken by NPC to evaluate the micro-enterprise development program, the report states that MEDEP and MEDPA implemented by the Ministry of Industry are in line with the Government of Nepal’s policies and programmes and are able to address the immediate need of the populace2. It further states that as it has targeted to reach poor, women, Dalit and Janajatis, who are lagging behind the development, it is very relevant and appropriate from the view point of inclusion as well. Thus

1 Poor are defined as those having Per Capita Income (PCI) of Nrs. 19,261 (US $ 200 approx.) as per Nepal Living Standard Survey (2010/11), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), National Planning Commission (NPC).

2 Evaluation of Micro-enterprise Development Programme, Summary Report, Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission, February 2016, Singhaburbar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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MEDEP/MEDPA’s vital role in poverty alleviation and social inclusion, both being the priority areas of the Government’s policies and programs has been well recognized.

Why Micro Enterprise development? Nepal is moving ahead with an ambitious plan of graduating from least development country to developing country status by 2022 but still remains one of the poorest countries in the world. About 23.82 percent of the populations still live below the nationally defined poverty line3. The agriculture is still the mainstay of economy. Given its topographical challenges, limited resources, land-lockedness, poorly developed infrastructure and subsistence based agricultural practices, economic development has been the daunting task of the country. Overall, Nepal, which suffered a decade long (1996-2006) internal armed conflict, has experienced poor rates of economic growth. The growth of medium and big industries has been very slow and not been able to generate adequate employment and income for the growing population. NPC, in its evaluation report, states that targeting the rural people living below the national poverty line, this program (MEDEP/MEDPA) has been supporting to poverty reduction through the development of entrepreneurship and systematically generating employment for the target group4. Owing to the large number of entrepreneurs moved out of the poverty line through MEDEP/MEDPA support over the years, there is greater potentiality to upgrade them to small enterprises. In this line, the NPC evaluation report has also recommended implementing alternative “enterprise development programme” to provide additional support and services to the graduated entrepreneurs.

Despite vital role that micro enterprises play in the national economic growth, poor infrastructure in the form of limited road access, inadequate energy sources, insufficient access to appropriate technology and limited access to market, increases the cost of doing business in Nepal. These factors reduce the competitiveness as well as expansion of the MEs in the country. Poor access to finance has limited the ME’s ability to expand their business. These all have acted as barrier and MEs have to compete with the products of large-scale enterprises as well as with imported products from neighboring countries. Normally, the micro-enterprises depends on local markets, but flow of imported products or services of larger enterprises in 3 According to Nepal’s living standard survey (NLLS III), 2010/11, Central Bureau of Statistics, the poverty

line was set at Rs. 19,261 (USD 250) per person per year. 4 Evaluation of Micro-Enterprise Development Programme, Summary Report, Government of Nepal,

National Planning Commission, February 2016, Singhadurbar, Kathmanud, Nepal.

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these markets limits ME’s capacity to compete both in terms of price and quality. However, those MEs having comparative advantage with local resources based will survive and sustain. The MEDEP and MEDPA programs have benefitted large number of women, dalits, janajatis, marginalized groups and religious minorities, such as Muslims.

Both the MEDEP and MEDPA together have created 116, 943 micro-entrepreneurs micro by the end of 2016 (APR, 2016) and NPC study5 conducted in 2016 indicates that out of the total MEs created 55% of MEDEP created and 43% of MEDPA created MEs are continuing their businesses. This reported figure is much lower than MEDEP’s 2010 independent impact study findings. The NPC reported has mentioned the Tarai movement, Tarai blockade, lack of raw materials for 5-6 months, hurdle in movement and market access to MEs as main reasons behind this decrease. The considerably higher impact has been reported despite the political uncertainties. This was possible with a good MED model and the holistic approach of different essential components, such as the integration of entrepreneurship development, access to credit, market promotion and follow-up services through strong partnership among related organizations at the national and district levels. At the district level, MEDEP emphasizes the creation of horizontal linkages and networks among local agencies concerned with service delivery in different components of MED. The MED model promoted by MEDEP illustrates how MEs can be developed on a sustainable basis by working with Women, Youth, Socially Excluded and other Marginalised6 and Vulnerable Groups for employment generation and poverty alleviation.

The MED Model: Over the last 18 years of program implementation and facilitation to institutionalize MED model into MEDPA in phase IV (2013-2018), the MEDEP has successfully developed and tested a MED model suitable for creating and sustaining micro enterprises in Nepal. In terms of its effectiveness and achievements of intended results over these years, MEDEP can now be considered both a program and a model of how to alleviate poverty in context specific situations through micro-enterprise development. The program passed through different phases of 5 years duration with specific targets and directions. With the success of the piloting phase

5 Evaluation of Micro-Enterprise Development Programme, Summary Report, Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission, February 2016, Singhadurbar, Kathmanud, Nepal.

6 Poor are defined as those having Per Capita Income (PCI) of Nrs. 19,261 (US $ 200 approx.) as per Nepal Living Standard Survey (201/11), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), National Planning Commission (NPC)

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(1998 to 2003) covering 10 districts, the programme was expanded in an additional 15 districts during the second phase (2004 to 2007) and was finally expanded to 38 districts in its third phase (2008 to July 2013). During its final phase (2013-2018), the district expansion of MEDEP was halted but it supported to expand the MEDPA districts reaching the coverage to 69 districts by Fiscal year 2073/74 (2016/2017). The promotion of micro-enterprise to contribute to economic growth and its integration into government plans and policies was possible through the successful development of MED model.

A micro-enterprise is a tiny business or economic unit that typically supports local economic development and caters to people, first at the rural market centers and later beyond the local market7. MEDEP takes a strategic approach to promote micro-enterprises which connects local resources to potential beneficiaries' interest, giving them access to local market and beyond (Figure 1). The model thus emphasizes on enterprise development potential that is basically determined by natural resource potential, market demand and target group analysis as key to starting any enterprises. The potential MEs indentified as target beneficiary will have to be aware on the availability of existing natural resources in their locality. The volume of raw material production, seasonality of its availability, possibilities of creating number of micro entrepreneurs is important for making decisions. Likewise, it is so vital that entrepreneurs look for available local markets of their potential products. Equally important is the analysis on demographic situation of their location to determine population density of target beneficiaries- women, dalits, indigenous nationalities and ethnic minorities. Therefore MEDEP intervenes in the common area of interface of these three circles (Figure 1). The MEDEP takes the approach of working in the rural market centers, which are considered as the engine of economic growth. Numbers of micro-enterprises are created around those rural market centers as per the local need and interest of the entrepreneurs. The availability of local resources, indigenous skills and knowledge of the community, availability of appropriate technology, population density of target groups (poor, dalits, ethnic minorities), potential service or trade based enterprises are some of the important factors in selection of communities for program implementation.

7 GoN, Australian Aid and UNDP (2013). Micro-Enterprises Development Programme: Reaching the Unreached. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal .

Resource Potential (Natural Resource and Service based Enterprises)

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Figure 1: MEDEP intervention area

MEDEP has developed a process oriented micro-enterprises development (MED) model which includes six major components (figure 2). The social mobilization, entrepreneurship development, technical skills, access to micro-credit, access to appropriate technology and marketing and business counselling are the main operational components of the MED model8.

Similar to other development interventions, social mobilisation is the key to inclusive MED for the poor. An Enterprises Development Facilitator (EDF), conducts participatory rural appraisal (PRA) to identify potential target groups (70% women, 30% dalits, 60% youth) and communities. During this stage, availability of local resources is also mapped out and market demand is analyzed. Providing basic information about micro enterprises, importance of savings; advantages of working in a group or cooperative or group, mobilization to form into group are the 8 GoN, Australian Aid and UNDP (2013). Micro-Enterprises Development Programme: Reaching the

Unreached. Kathmandu: Government of Nepal .


key elements of social mobilization. The working areas or districts are selected on the basis of low Human Development Index (HDI), number of poor people, natural resources endowments and market demand.

The next step is the entrepreneurship development raining to the group members. The "Start and Improve Your Business" (SIYB),9 training is imparted to participants- the potential MEs. During SIYB training, potential micro-entrepreneurs select their own micro enterprises based on the information provided by EDF. The technical skills training, which is necessary to develop them into micro-entrepreneurs, is provided only after a micro-enterprise is selected by potential entrepreneurs. This is a crucial aspect of sustainable MED model implementation process. The entrepreneurs may also have indigenous knowledge and or skills on the selected enterprises and may not need full skill development training.

Figure 2. Different component of the Micro Enterprise Development Model.

9 This training module is developed with technical support of International Labour Organisation (ILO) and adapted to Nepal. The SIYP training has four levels: level one "Training of Potential Entrepreneurs" (ToPE), level two "Training of Starting Entrepreneurs" (ToSE), level three "Training of Existing Entrepreneurs" (ToEE), and level four “Training of Growing Entrepreneurs" (ToGE).


After potential entrepreneurs acquire the required technical skills, the next vital component of the model is the access to credit. They now need the start-up capital to invest in the selected micro-enterprise. The start-up capital comes either in the form of their own equity, group savings for investment or from credit. Thus the entrepreneurs access to finance, instead of direct financial support is another critical component of the model. The EDF or service providers facilitate the linkages between entrepreneurs and local Financial Service Providers (FSPs) to increase access to credit. Another vital component to run and sustain the micro-enterprises is the support to access or transfer to appropriate technology. From MEDEP, the transfer of appropriate technology often includes user-friendly (women friendly) and low-cost technical skill, equipment, or machinery to a group of entrepreneurs, rather than to individual entrepreneurs. But the individual micro-entrepreneurs do need the appropriate technology to run the enterprise of their choice. Therefore, the support to make the links between the ME and the technology supplier becomes crucial component of the MED model.

Finally, although market demand analysis is done at the beginning of entrepreneur creation, marketing support in the form of business counseling and product marketing is essential. Such support includes, but is not limited to, pricing, labeling, branding and marketing of products for scaling up and graduation of the MEs. Marketing also includes developing linkages between micro-enterprises and small and large enterprises through sub-contracting mechanisms.

Role of Micro Entrepreneurs Associations: The MEs through their associations at different level ranging from Micro Entrepreneurs Groups (MEG) at the community level, the MEG Association (MEGA) at the rural market center level and the district level federated body of all MEGAs as the District Micro Entrepreneurs Group Association (DMEGA) play important role in advocating for the promotion of MED. The DMEGAs have the important role of establishing stronger partnership with service delivery organizations at the district level. Accordingly, the national level federation, the National Micro Entrepreneurs Federation of Nepal (NMEFEN) is very crucial to influence the policy and advocacy interventions centrally for the overall development of MED in the country. As the majority of MEs represent themselves as poor, marginalized and excluded section of the society, the NMEFEN as the apex body has the role of being voice of the voiceless in addition to policy advocacy.


In the changed context of state restructuring under federalization, the MEGAs that are functional at the market centre level currently may have to be reorganized into the newly established local level units (LLU) - the rural and urban Municipalities. Being the founding base of entrepreneurs’ association, the MEGAs can play very crucial role in promoting MED, establishing networks with other development organizations and supporting their members at the LLU, where service delivery organization will be concentrated in future. The LLUs with constitutional powers and jurisdictions, will have the responsibility of promoting MED and supporting the need of poverty alleviation and employment generation at the local level. Likewise, after the forthcoming provincial level elections, there will be institutional set up in all provinces for the promotion of MED. This will also create an environment whereby the MEs may also feel the need to have organizational set up at the Provincial level. Recognizing the role of MEs in promotion of MED, the Government has already allocated budget in MEDPA, though in small amount, to all DMEGAs. This is a significant step forward in recognizing their role and institutional development of MEAs.

Conclusions: Over the period of last 19 years, a total of 116, 943 micro-entrepreneurs consisting of 73% women MEs were created through the combined efforts of MEDEP and MEDPA in the country10. The entrepreneurs were provided with entrepreneurs training, technical skills, access to finance, testing and transfer to appropriate technology, business counseling and market linkages. The support in bringing out some important policy documents ranging from acts, regulations and guidelines in favor of MED promotion in the country is another significant step for creating strong foundation. With the primary target group of people living below the national poverty line, both MEDEP and MEDPA have included women, unemployed youths from socially excluded groups like the Dalits, Janajatis, religious minorities and Madhesis in the program interventions.11 The results achieved so far indicate that micro-enterprises can be important foundation for economic growth and act as an engine for development of small, medium and large enterprises. The MED model tested over the years and institutionalized by the Government as MEDPA, can be adopted by all other programs targeted to improve livelihoods, employment generation and overall economic growth. The model with its package of services 10 APR 2016. The Annual Progress Report, Micro Enterprise Development Programme, MEDEP. 11 For details on MEDEP target groups, please refer to “Impact Assessment of Micro-Enterprise Development

Programme”, NORMA Consultancy report, November 2010.


comprising different components will have to be implemented in its whole to get better results. In this line, the program’s impact has also been assessed and reported positively at different time intervals.

An independent impact assessment of MEDEP carried out in 2010 mentioned that 80% of entrepreneurs created were still in business and 73% of benefited households have moved out of poverty12. This is a significant achievement and impact of the program intervention. Similarly the third party independent assessment of MEDPA and MEDPA carried out by NPC in 2016 showed that 55% of the total micro-entrepreneurs are still continuing their businesses13. Apart from positive impact in the beneficiary households, the MEDEP/MEDPA has contributed to improve gender equality and social inclusion issues, both being the priority development issues of the Government plans and policies. The impact on improved gender relationship with increased position of women and improved social inclusion with positive changes are visible in program intervention areas and families.

Involvement in economic activity creating additional jobs for family members in the enterprise has strengthened women’s position in the family. The people experiencing years of exclusion have felt the positive changes, which has further helped improved their status in the society. According to the GESI impact study carried out in 2014 on empowerment of women, Dalits, Indigenous Nationalities and other Hard-core Poor through micro-enterprise development14 , the theory of change (of MEDEP) was that the problem of unequal power relations and existing discriminatory practices create different levels of barriers for Women, Dalits, Indigenous Nationalities and the Hard-core Poor in building assets and capacities to access resources and opportunities and in having a voice to influence service providers and make them accountable. The study results further showed significant increases in income, food security and asset values of all groups though to different levels. The study mentioned of significant improvements in the economic, social and political situation of women and marginalised groups. Increase in women’s income, financial contribution to household expenses and ability to work with outsiders (e.g. suppliers) has made a great difference in their status and has led to increased value for their opinions and views within families.12 MEDEP, 2010 “Impact Assessment of Micro-Enterprise Development Programme”, NORMA Consultancy

report, November 2010.13 NPC 2016, Impact evaluation of MEDEP/MEDP project: National Planning Commission, Singhadurbar,

Kathmandu Nepal, 2016.14 MEDEP, 2014. Impact Study on Empowerment of Women, Dalits, Indigenous Nationalities and Other

Hard Core Poor through Micro-Enterprise Development.


The existing formal and informal policies and social practices create institutional barriers that determine who will have access to what resources and enjoy what benefits. If interventions address these constraints i.e. build up assets and services, enhance voice and ability to influence and make informal and formal policies and practices more equitable, there will be improved Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) mainstreaming in MED programmes. This will led to empowerment of women, Dalits, Indigenous Nationalities and the Hard-core Poor resulting in their empowerment and reduction of inequality in society and state structures. These positive results have also contributed to social justice for people living under years of deprivation, discrimination and exclusionary practices. The results of the recent first round of local elections conducted in Province no. 3, 4 and 6 have shown that at total of 163 members from the existing micro-entrepreneurs have been able to be elected in the LLUs. This is a significant achievement in terms of political empowerment which has been possible through their socio-economic empowerment. This achievement in political front, is also closely linked to the micro entrepreneurs being able to organize themselves, stand up for their rights, earn money and improve their position in the society and ultimately be recognized for being able to engage in improving the local governance. Therefore promotion and development of micro-enterprises is considered to be essential for the overall economic growth and moving towards greater prosperity.


FWEAN and its role in Industrial Development

Kopila Dongal

Programe Manager, FWEAN

About FWEANThe Federation of Woman Entrepreneurs' Associations of Nepal (FWEAN) is the apex body for the Woman Entrepreneurs' Associations of Nepal (WEAN) Chapters. It was established on July 11th, 2003 with a vision to contribute to nation building through the socio-economic empowerment of women and a mission to promote women entrepreneurship through advocacy, networking, information dissemination, capacity building and the promotion of women entrepreneurs throughout the country.

Vision: To build a nation through Socio-economic empowerment of Nepalese women.

Mission: To inspire and empower women and their businesses

Goal: To transform socio-economic empowerment through entrepreneurship

Based in Kathmandu, FWEAN is a focal point for interaction not only with the government, but also the various national and international organizations and stakeholders. The Federation ultimately seeks to redefine the perspective of women entrepreneurship – from contribution to economic growth and poverty alleviation towards participation of women at all levels in the socio economic sectors.

Core ValuesThe core values that FWEAN believes in and promotes are:

- Accountability: FWEAN takes responsibility for using resources efficiently, achieving measurable results, and being accountable to supporters, and partners.

- Ambition: FWEAN sets high goal and is committed to improving the quality of everything they perform.

- Collaboration: FWEAN respects and values each other, thrives on their diversity and work with their partners to bring a difference.


- Creativity: FWEAN is open to new ideas, embraces changes and takes disciplined risks to develop sustainable solutions.

- Integrity: FWEAN aspires to always act in the best interests for the society and environment.

Objectives

• To advocate on issues related to women’s economic empowerment for which it organizes national consultation workshop each year to identify the issues, bringing together its members from all over Nepal;

• To enhance capacity of women entrepreneurs mainly its members as well as aspiring and potential women entrepreneurs, several capacity building and skilled based training and workshops are organized;

• To support businesses of women entrepreneurs it has been providing services like business counseling; ideas for new business creation; business expansion/ strengthening; marketing and promotion for women entrepreneurs through winbiz e-portal (www.winbiz.com.np) and opportunities to participate in national and international expos and trade fairs. It is on its way to start a business development centre to consolidate all its services and wishes to introduce business incubation services;

• To increase outreach of FWEAN to new and potential members, districts and partners, NRN and women entrepreneurs associations abroad; as it works in collaboration with its members, partner networks and stakeholders. However, at present FWEAN has 29 WEAN chapters established in various districts and it further intends to expand 45 subsidiary chapters in all 74 districts of Nepal by 2022 as per the organizational strategic plan.

ACHIEVEMENTS

• FWEAN won the Gold award for the Community Service/ Development Project Award from International Project Management Association (IPMA) among three finalists, two other organizations, and one from Mexico and another from UAE. IPMA is the World’s first project management association, founded in 1965. Their national associations collaborate to advance their profession’s achievements in project and business success.

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• FWEAN has successfully completed 14 years of providing business counseling services, to register women entrepreneurs into Nepal’s Formal Economy and marketing the products and promoting their products, packaging and branding their finished products.

• FWEAN’s president Bhawani Rana has recently been appointed as the first female president of Federation of Nepalese Chambers of Commerce and Industry.

• FWEAN has till date supported and strengthened more than 1000 women entrepreneurs with its multiple projects which have also been a great support to the Government in Industrial Development sector.

• FWEAN has lobbied for Women Entrepreneurship Development Fund under ministry of industry. Because of which, government of Nepal has allocated 18 Crores for collateral free loan to women entrepreneurs.

Role of FWEAN in Industrial development:Women in entrepreneurship have been largely neglected in society and also they have lower participation rate in entrepreneurship than men although women consist of 51.5% of total population of Nepal as per population census 2011. The Gender development Index (GDI) in Nepal has been improved by 18% in 2011 as compared to 2001 (HDI report 2014). Likewise, 43% of women aged 10 and above are listed as economically active, while the corresponding figure for men is 67% (Census, 2011). Among 43%, 73.11% are engaged in agriculture, forestry and fishing followed by 11.20% on retail and wholesale trade. However, they still represent a minority of all entrepreneurs.

To enhance entrepreneurship skill of women entrepreneurs, FWEAN has been actively engaged in various programs and activities. These programs have brought more than 2000 women entrepreneurs into formal economy and enhance their capacity. For instance, leadership and good governance program conducted in 10 district chapters (Sunsari, Saptari, Taplejung, Jhapa, Kavre, Kaski, Myagdi, Parbat, Bhaktapur and Chitwan) has created awareness among women entrepreneurs about entrepreneurship and motivate them to be involved in the formal economy of Nepal. Likewise, Socio- Economic Empowerment of Disadvantaged Women and Girls (SEED) and Promotion of Women’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (POWER) projects of FWEAN has helped women of 12 VDCs of Lalitpur districts have formalized and strengthen entrepreneurial capacity of 426 women

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entrepreneurs. In addition, FWEAN has been conducting various capacity building training like advance tailoring training, pickle making training, vegetable farming, vermi-compost, chicken rearing, bamboo product, honey product and carpet weaving training and so on to its’ members and district chapters.

Besides formalizing and enhancing capacity, FWEAN also provide platform for women entrepreneurs to create network and promote their products. FWEAN conducts “International Women’s Trade Expo” annually where women’s products are show case, promoted, marketed and encouraged participation in B2B with national and international women entrepreneurs for further growth. For example, Finnish team who visited 2nd expo took some sample of women’s products which in future will be a good network for women’s product and help to promote Nepalese product in international market. Similarly, FWEAN has been recommending women entrepreneurs for various international expo, workshop and trainings. This exposure in international level helps to boost the confidence of women entrepreneurs.

Last but not the least, FWEAN works at policy level that helps to create positive atmosphere to women’s enterprises. FWEAN has lobbied for women craft village (which is in the process but not yet established) where women entrepreneurs can promote their products, and also lobbied for women entrepreneurs development fund which is currently providing fund upto NPR 5 lakhs to women entrepreneurs in 46 districts without collateral at lower interest rate than market (6% p.a., but get 1% rebate if paid within given time period).

ConclusionFWEAN seeks to redefine the perspective of women entrepreneurship from contribution to economic growth and poverty alleviation towards participation of women in all levels in the socio-economic sectors. Women constitutes of 51% of


the total population of 27.8 million people in Nepal. However, overcoming gender inequality still remains one of the greatest challenges in Nepal, as only 44.5% of Nepali women are literate compared to 71.6% of men. Gender parity cannot be achieved without social and economic strengthened for women FWEAN’s vision is to build nation through socio-economic empowerment of Nepalese women.

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