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Payments for Ecosystem Services Using Product Bundles to Prevent Deforestation in Tropical Montane Cloud Forests
TROPENTAG 2015 September 16 - 18, Berlin (Germany)
Pablo Martín-Ortega, AGTRAIN PhD fellow 1,2,3 ([email protected]) Prof. Dr. Luis Gonzaga García-Montero1. University professor Dr. Nicole Sibelet2,3. Researcher, Sociologist, Anthropologist
1Department of forest engineering, forest and environment management, School of Forestry
Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain
2CIRAD, UMR Innovation, 34 398 Montpellier Cedex 3 CATIE, Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica
Conference: Management of land use systems for enhanced food security – conflicts, controversies and resolutions
Endangered ecosystems (1.4% of tropical forest area, but 50 % of neotropical species)
Outstanding ecosystem services
Water, C sink and biodiversity
Source: Cloud Forest Agenda, UNEP
2
Tropical Mountain Cloud Forests (TMCFs)
Major cause of TMCFs depletion
Slash and burn
Coffee and other crops
Subsistence agriculture
Source: Practical action
3
Land use change: Agriculture
Source: FCMC (USAID)
Average farm sizes:
102 ha in 2000 (Sánchez-Azofeifa et al. 2007)
165 ha in 2005 (Arriagada et al. 2012)
What is the role of small farmers?
4
Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES)
Tenure insecurity in frontier areas
High opportunity costs for conservation
Small farms
Source: Community cloud forest conservation
5
PES are contracts
Including farmers with less resources
Poorer and smaller landowners located in TMCFs remote areas
How PES respond the needs in these areas
Source: www.abomore.org 6
Current PES could improve
Carbon, water and biodiversity
But also socioeconomic factors
Local farmers perception
Source: (Wünscher et al. 2006) 7
ES services in bundles
Improvement in decision-making with ES bundles
Open and easy to use and understand technology for natural resources*
Exportable to similar AFS situations
Poverty alleviation
New insight in TMCFs as ES providers
Source: www.blog.worldagroforestry.org
8
Importance of the research
Identify and measure ES in selected areas
Developing a PES which includes less favored or excluded farmers
Analyze the socio-economic impact
Understand stakeholder’s perceptions and interests
9
Objectives
How can be ES effectively measured and monitored?
What factors drive land use change in TMCFs?
How stakeholders perceive PES?
10
Research Questions
Source: CLIMIFORAD
11
Study Area
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Geospatial analysis, using collect earth and free on-line available LANDSAT imagery using Google Earth Engine API
Field sampling for validation of geospatial methods (Soil C, Water, Biodiversity)
Analysis of socio-economic variables through surveys using social sciences approach (semi-structured interviews). (Sibelet et al, 2013)
Methods
13
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1. Cloud map = TMCFs cover
2. Land use change in TMCFs cover
3. Bundling of ES using “Collect Earth technology”
4. Scoring
Geospatial methodology
Geographic, social and historical data
Interviews provide a realistic approach
Rural livelihoods <-> PES ?
Open, closed or semi-structured and iterative.
Source: www.bonappetit.com
17
Social science methodology: Surveys
Intuitive geospatial methodology
Easily adaptable in developing countries
Participative tool
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Integrative Model
PES scheme exportable to other ecosystems
Instructions and methods
ES bundle trading tool
New PES policy options
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Expected outputs
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Exportable PES scheme
Instructions and methods
ES bundle trading tool
New PES policy options
How can be ES effectively measured and monitored?
What factors drive land use change in TMCFs?
How stakeholders perceive PES?
Research questions
Expected outputs
e-mail: [email protected]
