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Presentation 5.5: Ecosystem Services
Outline
• Defining Ecosystem Services • Key Ecosystem Services Provided by
Forests• Ecosystem Markets and Payments for
Ecosystem Services: Putting a Price on Natural Assets
• Communicating “Nature’s Benefits and Values” to the Public
Section 1: Defining Ecosystem Services
Outline
• Introduction• A Brief History• Common Defitions• The End Product is What Matters: An
Economist’s Perspective• The Process Also Matters: An
Ecologist’s Perspective• Summary
Introduction
• Provide services critical to human well-being
• Benefits provided to humans• Produce goods we purchase• Produce goods we consciously
consume
History
• Earliest record 400 B.C.• Field of ecosystem ecology emerged
in 1940s• Term “ecosystem services” started
late 1970s• Understand different perspectives
Common Definitions
• The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment– Provisioning Services– Regulating Services– Cultural Services– Supporting Services
The End Product Is What Matters: An Economist’s Perspective
• Developing approaches– Counting–Measuring– Assigning monetary values
• Emphasize the end/final product
The Process Also Matters: An Ecologist’s Perspective
• Wide range of conditions• Processes which ecosystems help sustain
life• Intermediate Functions• End Product
Summary
• Ecosystem services can have different meanings
• Benefits ecosystems provide– Goods we purchase
• Food and Fuel
– “Free” Services• Waste decomposition and crop pollination
Section 2: Key Ecosystem Services Provided by Forests
Outline
• Introduction• Provisioning Services• Regulating Services• Cultural Services• Aspects to Keep in Mind• Ecosystem Services and Disservices• Summary
Introduction
• Ecosystems provide services that benefit– People– Communities– Business– Contribute to our well-being
Ecosystem Services of Southern Forests
• Provisioning Services• Regulating Services• Cultural Services
Provisioning Services
• Timber• Bioenergy• Nontimber forest products– Edible and culinary food– Arts and crafts –Medicine and dietary supplements– Floral and decorative– Landscape
• Clean Water
Regulating Services
• Reduced Flooding and Erosion• Air Quality• Climate Regulation
Cultural Services• Aesthetic, spiritual, and religious
beliefs• Recreation
Aspects to Keep in Mind
• Scale• Interrelationships• Double counting
Aspects to Keep in Mind
• Economic Value• Different types of values
Aspects to Keep in Mind
• Trade-offs• Co-benefits
Ecosystem Services and Disservices in the Wildland-Urban Interface
• Ecosystem Disservices
Summary
Section 3: Ecosystem Markets and Payments for Ecosystem Services: Putting a Price on Natural
Assets
Outline
• Introduction• Ecosystem Service Valuation • Types of Ecosystem Markets and
Payments for Ecosystem Services• Current Outlook• Summary
Introduction
• Ecosystems provide essential benefits to society through tangible products with clear market prices
Ecosystem Service Valuation
• Determining value• Market Development
Types of Ecosystem Markets and Payments for Ecosystem Services
• Payment– Voluntary Markets– Compliance Markets– Public Payments– Voluntary Private Payments
Types of Ecosystem Markets and Payments for Ecosystem Services
• Commodity– Carbon–Water– Biodiversity
• Bundled Ecosystem Services
Current Outlook
Summary
Section 3: Communicating “Nature’s Benefits and Values” to the Public
Outline
• Introduction• Nature’s Benefits• Nature’s Value• Communication Approaches • Summary
Introduction
• Increase public understanding/support
• Nature’s Benefits • Nature’s Value• Communication Approaches
Nature’s Benefits
• Talk about “nature’s benefits” or “nature’s value”
• Encourage people to think broadly about the benefits of nature
• Focus on public health and safety as top benefits
Nature’s Benefits
• Remind people of nature’s role in providing materials for medicines
• Highlight the benefits of nature for providing food
Nature’s Value
• Acknowledge the unquantifiable value of nature
• Clarify the value of conservation • Highlight non-monetary ways of
measuring nature’s value
Communication Approaches
• Framing the Subject
Communication Approaches
• Messengers and the Audience
Summary
• Challenging to communicate ecosystem concepts
• Resource professionals communicate information effectively is key
• Important that audience understands
Credits