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8/10/2019 Paula Fitzgerald - Glocal Status of Gene Tachnology in Horticulture
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Global status of genetechnology in horticulture
Paula Fitzgerald
Chief Executive Officer
Agrifood Awareness Australia
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Food challengeFood challengeThe last ten years: Global population 13% increase Global income 35% increase
This has driven demand for: Meat up 25% orn u 2
Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 2
Soybeans up 59%
By 2025 global food output must increase byabout 75%. By then we will need:
2.8 billion tonnes of cereals 5.3 billion tonnes of other crops 1.6 billion tonnes of animal products
Role of gene technology?
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GM crop adoptionGM crop adoption
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GM crops in perspectiveGM crops in perspective
In 2010, 148 million hectares were grownaround the world by 15.4 million farmers in 29
countries
This represents and 87-fold increase since GMcrops were first commercialised in 1996
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Of the four top GM crops: More than 75 per cent of the 90 million hectares of soy
grown was GM
GM cotton accounted for 64 per cent of the 33 millionhectares of cotton grown in the world
GM corn accounted for 29 per cent of the 158 millionhectares of global corn, and
GM canola accounted for more than 23 per cent of the31 million hectares of canola.
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GM crops in perspectiveGM crops in perspective
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GM cropsGM crops wide usewide use
Country Area (millionhectares)
GM crops
USA 66.8 Corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugarbeet, lucerne, papaya,squash
Brazil 25.4 Soybean, corn, cotton
Argentina 22.9 Soybean, corn, cotton
India 9.4 Cotton
Canada 8.8 Canola, corn, soybean, sugarbeet
China 3.5 Cotton, papaya, poplar, tomato, sweet pepper
Paraguay 2.6 Soybean
Pakistan 2.4 Cotton
South Africa 2.2 Corn, soybean, cotton
Uruguay 1.1 Soybean, corn
Bolivia 0.9 Soybean
Australia 0.7 Cotton, canola
Philippines 0.5 Corn
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GM horticulture cropsGM horticulture crops
limited uselimited use
Country Area (millionhectares)
GM crops
USA 66.8 Corn, soybean, cotton, canola, sugarbeet, lucerne, papaya,squash
China 3.5 Cotton, papaya, poplar, tomato, sweet pepper
Australia 0.7 Cotton, canola, carnation, rose
CzechRepublic
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Office of the Gene TechnologyOffice of the Gene Technology
RegulatorRegulator
Inter-Governmental Agreement, Gene Technology Act andRegulations
GT TechnicalGene TechnologyStanding Committee
GENE TECHNOLOGY MINISTERIAL COUNCILTo protect thehealth & safety ofpeople, and toprotect theenvironment, by
99Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 9
GT Ethics &CommunityConsultativeCommittee
GENE TECHNOLOGYREGULATOR
Office of the GeneTechnology Regulator
State & TerritoryTechnicalRegulatoryConsultation
ENVIRONMENT
MINISTER APVMA AQIS FSANZ NICNAS TGALOCAL
COUNCILS
Provide advice at request ofMinisterial Council or Regulator
identifying risksposed by, or as aresult of, genetechnology and bymanaging thoserisks through
regulating certaindealings withGMOs
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The ActThe ActMatters covered by the Act
live and viable GMOs
research, manufacture, production,breeding, import
Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 101010
v y cost/benefit considerations
comparisons with alternativetechnologies
marketing and marketability
intellectual property
human beings and cloning
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A national system?A national system?
NSW GM cottongrown since 1996 andGM canola since 2008.
QLDCommonwealthlegislation only (no
moratorium)
NT Commonwealth legislation
only (no moratorium)
WA GM Crop FreeArea (excluding GM
cotton in the Ord & GMcanola
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on commercial GM foodcrops until 2011 unlessapproved by theMinister for Agriculture.
SALegislated moratorium oncommercial GM food crops until2019
TASLegislatedmoratorium on thecommercial release ofGMOs until 2014
ACTLegislatedmoratorium on commercialGM food crops until 2006+
VIC Commonwealthlegislation only(no moratorium)
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GM crops under developmentGM crops under development
Bananas disease resistance, increased nutrition Cotton insect resistance, herbicide tolerance,
altered fatty acid composition (cottonseed oil),waterlogging tolerance
Perennial ryegrass & tall fescue improvedforage (altered lignin and fructan)
Rose altered colour Su arcane - altered lant rowth enhanced
12Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited - 2011 1212
drought tolerance, enhanced nitrogen useefficiency, altered sucrose accumulation, improvedcellulosic ethanol production from biomass, alteredsugar production
Wheat altered grain composition, drought
tolerance Wheat & barley enhanced nutrient utilisation,
altered grain starch composition, enhancedtolerance to abiotic stress, increase beta glucanlevels
White clover virus resistance (AMV)
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Commodity Organisation Modification LicenceIssue Date
Banana Queensland Universityof Technology
Disease resistance 12/01/11Current
Banana Queensland Universityof Technology
Disease resistance 11/07/08Current
-
HorticultureHorticulture -- GM fieldGM fieldtrials in Australiatrials in Australia
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of Technology
A, vitamin E or iron.
Current
Grapevine CSIRO Expression of modified colour,sugar composition, andflowering and fruitdevelopment
18/06/03
Current
Pineapple QueenslandDepartment of PrimaryIndustries
Reduction of blackheart anddelayed flowering
19/06/03Current
Papaya University ofQueensland
Delayed fruit ripening 17/06/03Current
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GM cropsGM crops three stages?...three stages?...
Regulatory approval (humanhealth, environment)
Market & tradeconsiderations
Consumer understandingand acceptance
OngoingOngoing
OngoingOngoing
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GM foodGM food labellinglabelling
GM food
labelling: Overseen by our food
-
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Standards AustraliaNew Zealand (FSANZ)
Based on final product
not process novelDNA in final product.
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Australias GM foodAustralias GM foodapprovals toapprovals to--datedate
Soybean 7 approved, 4 pending
Canola 2 approved
Corn 19 approved, 2 pending
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Potato 3 approved
Sugarbeet 2 approved
Cotton 12 approved Lucerne 1 approved
Rice 1 approved
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HorticultureHorticulture GM cropGM cropcommercial approvalscommercial approvalsCommodity Country Modification
Capsicum China Virus resistant
Papaya USAChina
Virus resistant
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Petunia China Modified colour
Plum USA Virus resistant
Potato USARussia
Insect resistance(various)
Potato European Union Modified amylase
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Commodity Country Modification
Potato USA Virus resistant/insectresistant (various)
Rockmelon USA Delayedripening/altered shelf
HorticultureHorticulture GM cropGM crop
commercial approvalscommercial approvals
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life
Rose AustraliaColombia
Altered colour
Squash USA Virus resistant
Tomato ChinaMexicoUSA
Delayed ripening(various)
Tomato USA Insect resistant
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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops infield trialsfield trials -- USAUSA
Commodity Modification DeveloperApple Non-browning Okanagan
Specialty Fruits
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resistant
Rose Altered colour Florigene
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Novel projectsNovel projects USAUSA
Government-funded:
Increased carotenoid and Vitamin A levels in
corn and tomato. Developing new carrot and garlic varieties
with increased carotenoid levels and
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.
Developing high-folate potatoes.
Orange, red and purple potatoes richer inantioxidants.
University-based:
Low acrylamide potatoes acrylamide hasbeen linked to cancer.
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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline -- EUEU
Commodity Modification Country
Potato Heat stressresistant
Spain
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Potato Altered starch(various)
CzechRepublicFinlandGermanyNetherlandsSwedenSpain
Plum Virus resistant Romania
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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline EUEU
Commodity Modification Country
Potato Late blightresistant
SwedenNetherlandsUK
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resistantGrapevine Virus resistant France
Potato Pharmaceuticaland technical
traits
Germany
Apple and Pear GM andconventionalrootstockcomparisons
Sweden
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Horticulture GM crops inHorticulture GM crops inthe pipelinethe pipeline EUEU
Commodity Modification CountryOrange Fruit aroma
modificationSpain
Oran e Plant arhcitecture, S ain
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flowering and fruitingOrange Phytophthora
toleranceSpain
Orange Flower timemodification
Spain
Cucumber Flavour and downymildew resistance
Poland
Plum Virus resistant Romania
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Product in the spotlightProduct in the spotlight
GM potato - Europe
Starch-modified potato (Amflora)was
developed by BASF Plant Science for use bythe starch industry.
Approved for commercial release in 2010.
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,
Sweden.
Conventional potatoes produce a mixture oftwo starches, and only one of these isdesirable for starch applications. Amfloratherefore saves energy, resources and costs.
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Product in the spotlightProduct in the spotlightGM eggplant - India Insect-resistant eggplant developed by
Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company (Mahyco). Approved in 2009 for commercial release.
Decision overruled by Environment Minister.
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sprayed with insecticides 27 times a season. NGOs have been key in the Ministers decision.
An independent scientific, government panelvoted in favour of lifting the ban and allowing a
limited release in April 2011. No action to-date.
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Product unnoticed? In 1992, Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was
discovered in the district of Puna in Hawaii where95% of Hawaii's papaya was grown.
Within 2 years, PRSV was widespread, causingsevere damage
Coincidentally, a field trial to test a PRSV-resistantGM a a a had started in 1992. B 1995 'Rainbow'
and 'SunUp' transgenic cultivars had beendeveloped.
Cultivars were commercialized in 1998. 'Rainbow' is widely planted and has helped to save
the papaya industry from devastation by PRSV. GM papaya have also been developed for other
countries, such as Thailand, Jamaica, Brazil, andVenezuela. Approvals/deregulation ongoing
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In summaryIn summary
Almost every commodity sector in Australiahas an investment in GM
Gene technology is an important tool but its
not a magic bullet Science-based decision making is critical, as
is case-by-case assessment
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R&D investment is important but it iswasted without a path to market
Farmers should have the choice to access
approved GM crops
Market and trade considerations need to beaddressed
Whole-of-supply chain approach critical
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20112011 -- working togetherworking together ABA ACPFG AIAST AFAA AGT AusBiotech Australian Oilseeds Federation Australian Seed Federation Bayer CropScience CBWA
GTA InterGrain Kalyx Agriculture Monsanto
National Farmers Federation NSWFA Nufarm Nuseed Pacific Seeds
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CBH Cotton Australia Cotton Catchment CRC Cargill COGGO CropLife Australia Dairy industry Dow AgroSciences GIWA Grain Growers Association Graincorp Grain Producers Australia GRDC
Pioneer Producers Forum Riverland SABC SAFF Sugar industry
Stock Feed Manufacturers Councilof Australia Syngenta VFF Viterra WA Farmers
WA Oilseeds
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Further informationFurther informationPaula Fitzgerald
Chief Executive OfficerAgrifood Awareness Australia Limited
Website: www.afaa.com.auwww.afaa.com.au
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Email: [email protected]: 02 6273 9535
Agrifood Awareness Australia Limited is an industry initiative established to
increase public awareness of, and encourage informed debate and decisionmaking about gene technology. The organisation has three foundingmembers - CropLife Australia, the Grains Research and DevelopmentCorporation, and the National Farmers Federation. The organisation'sactivities are also supported by the sugar industry the Grain GrowersAssociation and through a project partnership with the red meat industry.
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AFAA working partnersAFAA working partnersSeed companies Farm associations:
-national & all states
Handlers &marketers
-Graincorp (east)-CBH west
Commodityorganisations:-cattle, sheep,
wool, dairy, pork,cotton,
canegrowers,grain
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Life sciencecompanies
-Cargill
-Viterra-Queensland
Sugar-Sugar Australia
Industryassociations
-Seed, oilseeds,grains WA,stockfeed
manufacturers,lot feeders,AusBiotech,Grain Trade
AustraliaAFGC
R&D providers(public & private)
-CSIRO-Depts of Ag-BSES, AGT,
ACPFG
-Universities-CRCs