2.6 Patofisiologi Carcinoma Paru Berikutmerupakangambaranskemabahan-bahankimiarokokyang menyebabkan terjadinya kanker paru (Hecht, 1999). Nicotine addiction

igarette smokingMetabolic detoxiIication PAH, NNK, and other carcinogensExcretion Metabolic activation Repair DNA adductsNormal DNA Miscoding PersistenceApoptosis Mutation and other changes: RAS, MY, p53,p16, RB, FHIT and other critical genes Lung cancer