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PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Patents and Biotechnology accelerate the growth of
Brazilian agriculture:The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)
Innovation
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
The Brazilian Agriculture
. Food Importer in the 70’s
. Currently the 2nd Food Exporter
. Industrialization Process
. Creation of Embrapa - April 73
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
0
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
kg*
ou t.
ha-1
Cereal Frutas Hortaliças Fibras Tubérculos Oleoginosas
Productivity gain – t/ha
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Government expenditures x agricultural expenditures
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
1.00
0 R
$ ou
100
R$
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
%
Despesa total da União (1.000 R$) Despesas no setor agrícola (100 R$) (%)
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Embrapa’s Institutional Mission
To seek and implement sustainable development solutions for the rural space, focusing on Brazilian
agribusiness, through the generation, adaptation and transfer of knowledge and technology, in order to
benefit the whole Brazilian society. ANNUAL BUDGET
US$ 700 million
. FUNDING Federal Government - 85%
Own Funding - 15%
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Total employees: 8.600
Researchers: 2.30053% PhD45% MSc2% BS
Human Resorces
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1974
1980
1986
1990
1996
2000
2001
2003
2006
Pesq
uisa
dore
s
Bs MSc Dr
Human Resources Evolution
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Research Network
• 39 Research Centers- 11 National Thematic Centers- 15 National Commodity Centers- 13 Ecorregional/Agroforestry Centers• 03 Special Services• Labex: USA – USDA/ARS
Europe: France, Netherlands• Embrapa Africa – Accra, Ghana
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Embrapa’s Innovation NetworkEmbrapa AcreEmbrapa AmapaEmbrapa Western AmazoniaEmbrapa Eastern AmazoniaEmbrapa RondoniaEmbrapa Roraima
Embrapa Mid-NorthEmbrapa Tropical Semi-AridEmbrapa Coastal TablelandsEmbrapa GoatsEmbrapa Cassava & Tropical FruitsEmbrapa CottonEmbrapa Tropical Agroindustry
Embrapa Western Region AgricultureEmbrapa Rice & BeansEmbrapa CoffeeEmbrapa CerradosEmbrapa Beef CattleEmbrapa VegetablesEmbrapa PantanalEmbrapa Genetic Resources & BiotechnologyEmbrapa Tecnological Information
North
Northeast
Center-west
Embrapa AgrobiologyEmbrapa Food TechnologyEmbrapa Dairy CattleEmbrapa Agriculture InformaticsEmbrapa Agricultural InstrumentationEmbrapa EnvironmentEmbrapa Maize & SorghumEmbrapa Satellite MonitoringEmbrapa Cattle-SoutheastEmbrapa Soils
Southeast
Embrapa Temperate AgricultureEmbrapa ForestryEmbrapa South Animal Husbandry & SheepEmbrapa SoybeanEmbrapa Swine & PoultryEmbrapa WheatEmbrapa Grape & Wine
South
Embrapa Africa Labex USA Labex Europe
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
NEW TARGETS
• Embrapa Agrienergy• Embrapa Africa – Accra, Ghana•Embrapa South America – Caracas, Venezuela•Embrapa Central America, Panama City, Panama• Labex Europe – Wageningen,
Netherlands
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
EMBRAPA AGRIENERGY
• Sugarcane: Ethanol, Bagace• Pulp: Ethanol• Oils and Fats: Biodiesel• Cultivated Energetic Forests: Coal• Residues and By-products: Biogas
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
EMBRAPA AFRICA, SOUTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA
• Technology transfer• Knowledge diffusion• Agricultural and social-economic
development • Environmental sustainability• Food, fiber and energy security
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Embrapa’s International Cooperation
• Bilateral Agreements: 71• Number of Countries: 40 • Number of Institutions: 68•Multilateral Agreements: 20 Int. Organizations
Demand for International CooperationDemand for International Cooperation
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
DEMANDS: DEMANDS: TrainingTrainingTechnical AssistanceTechnical AssistanceConsultancyConsultancyRegional ProgramsRegional Programs
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
EMBRAPA’S BIOTECHNOLOGY
CONTRIBUTION TO THE BRAZILIAN AGRIBUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYIMPROVEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNAHS (CERRADOS)
Production Area (millions ha)Total Area 204• Farming Area 127• Cultivated pastures 35 • Annual crops 10• Perennial crop and
cultivated forests 2 • Area still available 80
Potential production (millions tons)- Grain 240 - Meat 11- Fruit 90
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
1960
RR
AMPA MA
PI
CERN
PBPEAL
SEBA
TO
MT
RO
AC
GO
MGES
RJSP
MS
PR
SC
RS
AP
1975
RR
AMPA MA
PI
CERN
PBPEAL
SEBA
TO
MT
RO
AC
GO
MGES
RJSP
MS
PR
SC
RS
AP
2005
RR
AMPA MA
PI
CERN
PB
PEAL
SEBA
TO
MT
RO
AC
GO
MG
ES
RJSP
MS
PR
SC
RS
AP
ADAPTATION OF PLANT VARIETIESNITROGEN BIOLOGICAL FIXATIONNO TILLINGPESTS & DISEASES BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
BRAZILIAN “CERRADOS”
• 22% OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY• CONSIDERED USELESS IN THE 70’s
Nowadays• 50% OF GRAIN PRODUCTION• 40% CATTLE• ROTATION – 50% COTTON PRODUCTION
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
Part. %World (a) Brazil (b) (b/a)
Coffee 7.7 2.1 27.8 1stSugarcane 1,293.2 421.8 32.6 1stOrange 59.9 17.9 29.8 1stBanana 72.5 6.7 9.2 2ndBeef 60.4 8.8 14.5 2ndCassava 203.9 26.3 12.9 2ndSoybeans 209.5 51.1 24.4 2ndTobacco 6.4 0.9 13.8 2ndPoultry meat 70.0 9.2 13.1 3rdFruits 506.3 35.4 7.0 3rdCorn 692.0 34.9 5.0 3rdSwine meat 102.5 2.7 2.7 5thMilk 527.8 23.3 4.4 7thEggs 64.3 1.6 2.5 7thRice 614.1 13.2 2.2 9thWheat 621.6 4.7 0.8 23rd
BRAZIL: WORLD AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION RANKING (2005 Harvest)
Source: FAO, IBGE, CNPC, ABEF and ABIPECS.
Millions tons RankingProducts
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYGRAIN PRODUCTION
Source: CONAB / MAPA * Estimation (8th harvest survey)
GRAINS: cotton, peanut, rice, oats, rye, barley, beans, sunflowers, castor bean, corn, soy, sorghum, wheat and triticale.
47.249.047.443.940.237.837.836.935.036.637.038.539.135.638.537.9
57.968.4 68.3
76.081.1
73.678.4 76.6
82.4 83.0
100.3
96.7
123.2 119.1
113.9
119.4
90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06*
A r
e a
and
P r
o d
u c
t i o
n
( m i
l l i
o n
o f
h a
a n
d
t o n
)
AREA
PRODUCTION
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
5,200
5,400
6,045
5,820
6,040
6,2706,650 6,900
7,300
7,700
8,3508,750
7,843
8,9508,494
7,517
6,736
5,9775,526
4,8754,461
4,052
4,050
3,411
1,3301,470 1,560 1,540 1,699
1,8342,556 2,730
2,8722,698 2,679 2,735
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005*
P r o
d u
c t
i o n
( t
h o
u s
a n
d
t o
n s
)
Beef Broiler Pork* Estimation Source: CNA, ABEF and ABIECS
MEAT PRODUCTION
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
P r o
d u
c t
i o n
( m i
l l i
o n
s o
f t
o n
s )
3,8
4,0
4,2
4,4
4,6
4,8
5,0
5,2
5,4
5,6
5,8
C r
o p
A r
e a
( m i
l l i
o n
h a
)
AREA
PRODUCTION
Sources: IBGE (until 2003) and MAPA
Average yield increase in the period: 20.5%
Sugar Cane Production
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYRanking 2005: Production and Exports
Production Exports
Ethanol * 1st 1st
Sugar 1st 1st
Coffee 1st 1st
Orange Juice 1st 1st
Soy Complex 2nd 1st
Beef 2nd 1st
Tabacco 2nd 1st
Broiler 3rd 1st
Corn 3rd -
Fruits 3rd -
Pork 4th 4th
Brazil - World RankingMain products
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
IP Role in Embrapa’sInnovation
• Industrial Property Law – May 1996• Plant Variety Law – April 1997• Creation of SNT (96)• Creation of IP Service (2000)• Creation of Innovation Management Program (2007)
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
IP Role in Embrapa’sInnovation
• From 1996 to 2006190 Patent Applications191 Trademarks297 Plant Varieties
30 Software Programs
In the last 7 years 8 times more applications than in the 18 years before the IP policy and culture change
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
IP Role in Embrapa’s Innovation
• 1400 License agreements • 20 R&D Partnership programs• National and multinational companies
• 1990 to 2007 - Grain production growth 131%Cultivated area growth 16%
• Commodity productivity per ha. – 1.5t to 2.8t
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRYPrincipais empresas detentoras de cultivares protegidas SNPC / 2008
UFV2%
EMBRAPA32%
COODETEC6%
MONSOY11%
Du Pont - Pioneer Sementes
1%
UFV
UFSCAR
Seminis Vegetable Seeds
OR Melhoramento de Sementes
MONSOY
IAPAR
FUNDACEP FECOTRIGO
Outros
Fides Goldstock Breeding
Du Pont - Pioneer Sementes
Naturalle Agromercantil
Embrapa
D & PL Technology Holding
Copersucar
COODETEC
CTC
Bretagne-Plants
Outros
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
0
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
25.000
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Evolução da Arrecadação com Royalties e Sementes(Em R$ 1.000,00)
2007 Royalties R$ 23 million (15% growth)2008 Royalties R$ 32 million (39% growth)2008 Embrapa’s Investment Resources R$ 184 million
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
+ 6 , 1
+ 1 8- 1 4 , 9
+ 7 , 3+ 0 , 2+ 1 7 , 6
+ 9 , 4- 1 3 , 8
- 2 , 1+ 1 , 3
- 6 , 6+ 3 , 3
+ 6 , 8+ 1 , 5
+ 1 , 7+ 4 , 1
+ 1 4 , 8
+ 3 2 , 9+ 9 , 5
+ 0 , 9
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0
J a p ã o
E s t a d o U n i d o s d a A m é r i c a
C h i n a
R e p u b l i c a d a C o r é i a
E u r o p e a n P a t e n t O f f i c e
A l e m a n h a
C a n a d á
F e d e r a ç ã o R u s s a
A u s t r á l i a
R e i n o U n i d o
Í n d i a
F r a n ç a
B r a s i l
M é x i c o
H o n g K o n g
C i n g a p u r a
N o v a Z e l â n d i a
P o l ô n i a
T a i l â n d i a
I s r a e l
Esc
ritó
rios
de
pate
ntes
N ú m e r o d e p e d i d o s d e p a t e n t e s
% d e a u m e n t o d e p e d i d o s d e p a t e n t e s e m r e l a ç ã o a o a n o d e 2 0 0 4
P e d i d o s d e p a t e n t e s d e p o s i t a d o s p o r r e s i d e n t e s
P e d i d o s d e p a t e n t e s d e p o s i t a d o s p o r n ã o - r e s i d e n t e s
IP and the Emerging Economies
PERSPECTIVES ON BRAZIL’S NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND THE ROLE OF PATENTS
AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRY
CONCLUSIONS
• Innovation made Brazil the 2nd global food exporter• Agriculture is the key Brazilian trade factor • Food and Energy are equally potential features• Brazilian contribution to food security• Functional Food trends and developments• Leadership requires partnerships• To be a global player requires innovation protection