Part 5 Romanticism in England English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : [email protected] : 13931098970

Part 5 Romanticism in England

English and American Literature &

Selected Readings

：魏晓红 : [email protected]

: 13931098970


Contents

John Keats

Charles Lamb

Walter Scott

Revision

Par

t 5: Rom

antici

sm in

Engla

nd


Romantic Poets


Chapter 6

John Keats

济慈(1795—1821)


“I should not have consented to ( 赞成 )

these four months tramping in the highlands…but tha

t I thought it would give me more experience, rub off

more prejudice, use me to more hardship, identify fine

r scenes, load me with grander( 更雄伟的 ) mountains,

and strengthen more my reach in poetry than would st

opping at home among my books.” (August, 1818)

mastery of form and depth of feeling

Cockney School “ 伦敦派”，“伦敦腔”

John Keats wrote: Para.2


John Keats (1795—1821)

summit of career 1818—1820

Rome in 1820

died in 1821 and buried in the Protestant cemetery

Here lies onewhose name iswrit in water.

用水写成 , 形容生命转眼即逝，一生充满困苦和泪水。叹人生短暂和艰辛。墓地


Keats’ (1795—1821)

tuberculosis

grieves and troubles

death of hisloved brother

money problem

cruel criticism

couldn’t marry

maturitynew aspect


Major literary works

1) Poems ，《诗集》， his first book.

（ 1 ）“ O Solitude”, “ 孤寂” , a sonnet published in Hunt’s The Examiner 《检查官》 . （ 2) “On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer”, “ 初读查普曼译荷马史诗”， a sonnet.（ 3 ） “ Sleep and Poetry”, “ 睡与诗”

optimism; beauty of Nature; praises of Life; loves of poetry


Major literary works2) Five long poems

Endymion, 《恩底弥翁》 his first long poemIsabella 《伊莎贝拉》 The Pot of Basil /΄bæzl/ The Eve of St. Agnes 《圣 · 爱格尼斯节前夕》Lamia 《莱米亚》Hyperion 《赫坡里昂》


EndymionGreek mythology

love with Cynthia exquisite love of beauty极度的

IsabellaThe Pot of Basil

Boccaccio’s Decameron

love with Lorenzo2 wicked brothers

sympathy for the oppressed;indignation at the cruelty;exposure of the system of exploitation;description of social phenomenon

颂扬了纯洁的爱情 , 同时表达了自己对美的无限崇拜以及对人道主义思想的充分肯定。


The Eve of St. Agnes 《圣 · 爱格尼斯前夕》narrative poemin Spenserian stanza

Madeline and Porphyro

beautiful imageryrich colorword music

colored dreamyoung man’s poemRomeo and Juliet

fondness for sensuous beautyability of painting exact word-pictures

采用了丰富的象征手段，用热与冷，生与死，天堂与地狱，红色与银色以及肉欲与贞洁来暗示两种敌对势力激烈的冲突，使作品具有极强大的艺术感染力。


Lamia 《莱米亚》《拉米亚》from Burton’s Anatomy of Melanchly波顿《解剖忧郁症》

Lycius

genuine love with no harm

Apollonius,the sophist 博者 , 智者

Lamia, serpent-maiden

inhumane

the appreciation of sensuous beauty 给人享受的美

反映作者耐人寻味的爱情观和道德观。

The Tale of the White Serpent《白蛇传》 praise of faithful love


Hyperion 《赫坡里昂》greatest achievement in poetry

blank verse

Greek mythology

The theme: the conflict between the old (Hyperion) and the new (Apollo)

the victory of life and youth over the forces of decay and retrogression( 倒退 ).


3. Short Poems

(1) On a Grecian Urn ，“希腊古瓮颂” .

(2) On the Grasshopper and the Cricket ，“蛐蛐与蟋蟀” .

(3) Bright Star “ 闪亮的星星”

(4) When I have Fear” 当我害怕的时候”

p. 250-251p. 250-251


(5) To Autumn ，“秋颂”(6) On Melancholy ，“ 忧郁颂”

作者面对痛苦的人生时复杂的心理以及他渴望借助夜莺的美妙歌声和美酒之力步入一个理想的境界，从而逃避现实的消极思想。

Keats’ Short Poems

(7) To a Nightingale ，“夜莺颂” , the best known (p. 251-252)

The general theme of the odeswritten in 1819:the praise of beauty


Discussion

• How to analyze Keats’

poem, “To Autumn”?

• p.107-109


An Analysis of “To Autumn”

• Keats’ “Autumn” was composed on 19

September, 1819, published in 1820, after a

walk near Winchester one autumnal evening,

which marks the end of his creative career.


Themes of “To Autumn”1) its fruitfulness,

2) its labour,

3) its ultimate decline

Parallel to this, the poem depicts the day turning from morning to afternoon and into dusk.


Themes of “To Autumn”

• “To Autumn” is concerned with the much

quieter activity of daily observation and

appreciation.

• temporality, mortality and change


Themes of “To Autumn”

• An analysis of the poem:

• p. 108-109


An Analysis of “To Autumn”• The first stanza represents Autumn as involved

with the promotion of natural processes, growth and ultimate maturation, two forces in opposition in nature, but together creating the impression that the season will not end.

• In this stanza the fruits are still ripening and the buds still opening in the warm weather.

• the imagery of growth and gentle motion: swelling, bending and plumping.


An Analysis of “To Autumn”• In the second stanza Autumn is personified

as a harvester, to be seen by the viewer in various guises performing labouring tasks essential to the provision of food for the coming year.

• There is a lack of definitive 决定性的 action, all motion being gentle. Autumn is not depicted as actually harvesting but as seated, resting or watching.


An Analysis of “To Autumn”• The last stanza contrasts Autumn’s sounds

with those of Spring. The sounds that are presented are not only those of Autumn but essentially the gentle sounds of the evening.

• The references to Spring, the growing lambs and the migrating swallows remind the reader that the seasons are a cycle, widening the scope of this stanza from a single season to life in general.


Discussion: Comments

• How to comment on

Keats’ poetry?


Comments on John Keats’ poetry 1) In John Keats’ short writing career of six or seve

n years, he produced a variety of kinds of work, including epic, lyric and narrative poems.

2) Keats’ poetry, characterized by exact and closely-

knit construction, emotional descriptions, and by

force of imagination, gives transcendental values t

o the physical beauty of the world. 人体美 /外在美

Part 5 Romanticism in EnglandComments on John Keats’

poetry

3) His artistic aim is to create a beautiful world of

imagination as opposed to the sordid (miserable)

reality of his day.

• He sought to express beauty in all his poems.

• His leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth

beauty”.


Comments on John Keats’ poetry

4) Critics agree that Keats is, with Shakespeare,

Milton and Wordsworth, one of the indisputably

(undeniably) great English poets.

• And his mighty poems will no doubt have a lasting

place in the history English literature.


Discuss Keats’ differences with

Byron, Shelley and Wordsworth.

(last paragraph, p. 253)

Romantic Poets

Group Work


p.253, last few lines• Keats voiced his resentment against the rule of the

aristocracy and bourgeoisie by restricting his application of the principle of liberty to the sphere of Art.

• His pursuit of Beauty in all things bespoke 显示出 an aspiration 渴望 after a better life…

• One of the brilliant trio of active romanticism in England


Assignment (3)

1. Remember Keats’ major works.

2. Comment on Keats’ poetry.

3. Analyze “T0 Autumn”.


Prose writers of the Romantic Age

Lamb Hazlitt Hunt Quincey


History of English Essays

Montaigne’s EssaisFrench essayist

Plorio, English translator

Periodical essay:Started by Defoe

Developed by Addison and Steele

The 19th century: Charles Lamb,

William Hazlitt, Leigh Hunt, De Quincey


Romantic Prose Writers

• 1. The early 19th century is remarkable for the

development of a new and valuable type of

critical prose writing.

• 2. The leaders in this new and important

development are William Hazlitt, Leigh Hunt,

De Quincy and Charles Lamb.


Romantic Prose Writers

• 3. These prose writers were much influenced by

the French Revolution in politics and by the

Romantic Movement in literature.

• 4.They freely expressed their own personality in

their writings.

• 5. The best representative of these writers is

Charles Lamb.


Chapter 7 Lamb

Charles Lamb 查尔斯 ·兰姆(1775—1834)


Speaker: Members:

Chapter 7 Lamb

Student’s Presentation


Major Literary Works

Three periods:

1) His first period: poetical drama

(1) John Woodvil

《约翰·伍德维尔》 a tragedy in 1802

(2) Mr H

《 H君》 a comedy in 1806



2) His second period:

(1) Tales from Shakespeare

《莎士比亚故事集》 , in 1807.

(2) Specimens of English Dramatic

Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare

《莎士比亚同时代英国戏剧诗人之范作》 ,

in 1808



3) His third period: series of essays

(1) Essays of Elia,

《伊利亚随笔集》， masterpiece

《伊利亚散文集》 published in 1823.

(2) Last Essays of Elia,

《后随笔集》 published in 1833.


Features of Lamb’s Essays1) The most important feature of his essays i

s his humor.

• Charles Lamb is a humorist and a master of puns (双关语 ) and jokes, which abound in his essays.

2) Lamb was especially fond of old writers.

• His writings are full of archaisms (/a:′keiizm/ 古词 ).


Features of Lamb’s Essays

3) His essays are intensely personal.

• They are an excellent picture of Lamb and

humanity.

• His essays are marked by relaxed style,

conversational tone and wide range of

subject matter.


Features of Lamb’s Essays

• 4) Lamb is a romanticist of the city, while

Wordsworth is a romanticist of nature.

• Lamb’s imagination was inspired by the

busy life of London, while Wordsworth

drew inspirations from the mountains and

lakes.


Assignment (4)

1) Remember Lamb’s major works.

2) What are the features of Lamb’s

essays?


Walter Scott

瓦尔特 ·司各特 (1771—1832 )

Chapter 10 Scott


Chapter 10 Walter Scott

Student’s Presentation

Speaker: 高珊珊 Members: 梁爽杨芹


Walter Scott创作生涯及特点

Speaker: 王亚璇

Member: 边悦、靳亚梦


Life Story

born in Edinburgh

his family

fathermother

grandmother

stories of the past

barrister(在英国有资格出席高等法庭的律师 )

legends the old Border feuds (边区争斗 )


Life Story

wonderfultales

intense love of Scottish history

and tradition

8,high schoolFather’s office, law

at the same timeLectures, university

21, to the bar


Life Story

translation fromthe German dramasand poems

The Lay of the Last Minstrel《最末一个行吟诗人》

abandon the law


Life Story

43, from poetry to novels

a debt of 130,000 pounds

writing-machine a vast number of romantic-historical novels

died at 60


Scott’s Works 1. Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 《苏

格兰边区歌谣集》 , which he had been c

ollected among the Scottish people for

many years.

2.The Lay of the Last Minstrel, 《最末一个行吟诗人》


Scott’s Works

• 3. Marmion 《玛密恩》• 4. The Lady of the Lake 《湖上夫人》• 5. Waverley 《威弗利》 , first historical

novel.

Part 5 Romanticism in EnglandScott’s Historical Novels

founder and great master of the historical novel

1) tribal mode of life prevailing the mountains or the Highlandsbackground: 2) preservation of feudal customs in the estates of the large landowners 3) early development of capitalism in the big cities

from the Middle Ages to the 18th century3 subjects: history of Scotland, English history, history of European countries.


Scott’s Historical Novels

1.Waverley 《威弗利》2.Guy Mannering 《盖曼纳合》3.Old Morality 《清教徒》4.Rob Roy《罗布·罗伊》 , the best of the group5.The Heart of Midlothian《弥德洛西恩的心》

Scottish history

Part 5 Romanticism in EnglandScott’s Novels of the English

History1. Ivanhoe 《艾凡赫》 , Norman Conquest the best of the group2. Kenilworth, 《肯纳尔沃思堡》during the Tudor dynasty

3. The Fortunes of Nigel, 《尼格尔的家产》 Stuart rule4. Woodstock 《皇家猎宫》The English Revolution5. Peveril of the Peak 《贝弗利尔·皮克》 the Restoration


Scott’s Historical Novels of the European Countries

1.Quentin Durward 《昆丁 · 达沃德》 ,

the best-known novel on French history.

2. Talisman 《惊军英雄记》3. Count Robert of Paris

《巴黎的罗伯特伯爵》


Other Works

• St. Ronan’s Wells 《圣 ·罗南之泉》 ,

the only one, dealing with his conte

mporary life ( 当代生活小说 ).


Features of Scott’s Novels

1. Scott has an outstanding gift of vivifying the

past.

2. In his novels, historical events are closely

interwoven with the fates of individuals.

3. In his historical novels, he concerns both the lives and deeds of the higher class and that of the ordinary people.



4. He is a romantic. (III. 4)He relies on careful

studies and investigations into details of

historical life.

He had a minute mastery of the manners and

customs of the period and could create a living

world from some old records of the past.

5. He is a Tory, a conservative in politics.



• Scott’s historical novels paved the way for the development of the realistic novels of the 19th century and marks the transition from romanticism to realism in English literature of the 19th century.

• (司各特“在今日的苏格兰和过去的苏格兰之间建起一座永恒的金桥” .)


Walter Scott

• What are Scott’s w

riting features?

• 《自主学习与实践》• pp.44-45

(End)


Assignment (8)

1. Comment on Scott and his

literary works.

2. Try to get the main idea of Rob

Roy and Ivanhoe.


Poems

1 ） The writing form

2 ） The title

3 ） The writer

4 ） The central theme

5 ） The rhyme scheme

6 ） The rhetorical devices

(5 points=5 种修辞手段 )


Allegories and Novels

• The title of this chapter

• The title of the book

• Comments on the book:

1 ）作家 2 ）作品的时代 , （ year/ century ） 3 ）回答出 2 个以上的写作特点 4 ） 2 个以上主题思想


Allegories and Novels

• The writing features of the paragraph

1 ）三个以上特点 2 ）功能。• Comments on the writer

1 ）作家及其所处的年代 2 ）代表作品或贡献 3 ）写作特点 4 ）地位 5 ）语言流畅


Plays

• The title of the play

• The speaker

• Analyze this character

1 ）作家作品的时代 2 ） 3 个以上的特点 3 ）语言流畅


How to Tell the Main Idea

1 ）作品的时代2 ）评价3 ）主要人物4 ）事件，故事情节表达不清楚不给分5 ）结果6 ）语言流畅


Goodbye.

Documents

Part 5 Romanticism in England English and American Literature & Selected Readings ：魏晓红 : [email protected] : 13931098970