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8/14/2019 Paper 10 - YAWP 4
1/4
Ynm S}mtybgf g` Fc{{cybpm bf_{bim cfi _{mh}ibdm
Cfi{ L}bt [mbt @m{fcfimt(
Ynm cdy g` ymllbfa tyg{bmt bt gfm g` ynm egty `ctdbfcybfa ctmdyt g` lbym{cy}{m&
K{cxblbcf d{bybd Cfygfbg Dcfibig m~{mttmt ynm beg{ycfdm g` ibtd}ttbfa ynbt ecyym{ kr
c``b{ebfa yncy fg n}ecf kmbfa dcf lbpm qbyng}y ynm gttbkblbyr g` amyybfa bf yg}dn qbyn by&3
Cddg{ibfa yg Dlc}im Lmpb%Ty{c}tt;, ynm ecbf `}fdybgf g` c fc{{cybpm bt yg
dgfpm{y gii mlmemfyt bfyg c tmftbklm m{dmybgf& Bf g{im{ yg {mclbxm yncy agcl, by bt fmdmttc{r
yg g{acfbxm `cdyt `{ge cf m~m{bmfdm cfi }y ynme bf g{im{ yn{g}an {mlcybgft g` dc}tm cfi
m``mdy&4
Ynm agcl g` ynbt mttcr bt yg ibtd}tt ynm ecyym{ g` fc{{cybpm yn{g}ang}y Hcfm
C}tymft _{bim cfi _{mh}ibdm& Ynm cfclrtbt qbll dgftbty g` ycjbfa c dlgtm{ lggj bfyg c dmfy{cl
btt}m dgfdm{fbfa Et& C}tymft fc{{cybpm8 byt tmlmdybpm dnc{cdym{btybd, `gd}tbfa gf ynm
ibtd}ttbgf fgy gflr g` qncy bt tmlmdymi yg km ygli, k}y egty beg{ycfylr, gf qncy bt tmlmdymi
yg km geebymi&
Cddg{ibfa yg [cregfi Qblbcet, ynm dgee}fbyr imtd{bkmi kr C}tymf bf
_{bim cfi _{mh}ibdm qct dngtmf bf c {cynm{ tmlmdybpm qcr9& Qnblm tgem ecr c``b{e yncy tnm
igmt fgy c{gcdn ynm ecbf mpmfyt g` tgdbmyr bf egty g` nm{ fc{{cybpmt, by bt dlmc{ yncy tnm
ecjmt c dgli g{y{cby g` ynm {mclbyr dgfdm{fbfa {bpcym {mlcybgft, qnbdn c{m c {m`lmdybgf g`
qncy ncmft bf ynm }klbd gfmt& Nm{ yctym `g{ g{y{cby cbfybfa bt dgftycfylr emfybgfmi bf
nm{ lmyym{t=, bf qnbdn tnm mpmf dgec{mt tgem g` ynm qg{jt tnm tcq bf m~nbkbyt yg nm{ gqf
dnc{cdym{t&
Ct emfybgfmi ckgpm, ynm tmlmdybpmfmtt g` Hcfm C}tymf bt beg{ycfy fgy gflr
kmdc}tm g` qncy tnm dnggtmt yg g{y{cr, k}y cltg g` qncy bt dngtmf yg km lm`y kmnbfi& Ynm{m
c{m yn{mm beg{ycfy btt}mt yncy c{m c tncigq bf ynm fc{{cybpm g` _{bim cfi _{mh}ibdm, cfi qbll
3(]fim{a{ci}cym ty}imfy cy ynm ]fbpm{tbyr g` Tg _c}lg .9yn rmc{ _g{y}a}mtm'Mfalbtn"&
Dcfibig, C& G ib{mbyg lbym{cy}{c& Bf8 P{bgt Mtd{bygt& Mi& I}ct Dbicimt m G}{g Cx}l& Tg _c}lg m [bg im
Hcfmb{g& ;??9& & 319; Lmpb%Ty{c}tt, D& C m`bddbc tbeklbdc& Bf8Cfy{gpglgabc Mty{}y}{cl& [H& Ymeg K{ctblbmftm, 32>4&4 Abfxk}{a, D& Tbfcbt8 [cxmt im }e c{cibaec bfibdb{bg& Bf8 Ebygt, meklmect, tbfcbt&9 Qbllbcet, [& Dge}fbicimt dgafgtdpmbt& Bf8 G dcepg m c dbicim& Mi& Dgecfnbc ict Lmy{ct, T_, 32>2
&;;2&= Ycffm{, Y& Jfgqlmiam cfi gbfbgf8 _{bim cfi {mh}ibdm& Bf8Hcfm C}tymf& Ynm Ecdebllbcf _{mtt, Lgfigf,
32>0& &331
8/14/2019 Paper 10 - YAWP 4
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km ibtd}ttmi bf ynbt mttcr8 ynm s}mtybgf g` qg{j, ynm s}mtybgf g` cy{bc{dnr cfi ynm s}mtybgf
g` ynm kgir&
Dgfdm{fbfa ynm `b{ty ygbd yg km ibtd}ttmi, by bt cltg [cregfi Qbllbcet yncy
lmci }t yg ynm bfym{{mycybgf ckg}y qng ynm fgpml bt qbtnbfa yg g{y{cr& Bf Hcfm C}tymf, ynm
fmbankg}{t c{m fgy ynm mglm qng lbpm dlgtm{: ynmr c{m ynm mglm qng lbpm bf c lbyylm lgfam{
ibtycfdm cfi, bf ym{et g` tgdbcl {mdgafbybgf, ecr km pbtbymi&.&&&" Kmbfa `cdm%yg%`cdm bf ynbt
qg{li belbmt kmlgfabfa yg c imym{ebfmi dlctt& Fg gynm{ dgee}fbyr, bf ym{et g` nrtbdcl
{mtmfdm g{ tgdbcl {mclbyr bt {mdgafbxcklm }fim{ cfr ctmdy 0&
Qbllbcet cfclrtbt bt cdd}{cym i}m yg ynm `cdy yncy dnc{cdym{t yncy kmlgfa yg
lgqm{ tgdbmybmt, t}dn ct ynm qg{jm{t bftbim ynm ng}tmt, ig fgy {mdmbpm ynm tcem dc{m bf ynm
dgftyby}ybgf g` dnc{cdym{t ct ynm gynm{ gfmt& Bf `cdy, ynmr c{m tdc{dmlr emfybgfmi, cfi c{m fgy
mpmf mfybylmi yg {mdmbpm fcemt& Kmbfa ynm fgpml c pm{r imlbdcym g{y{cby g` tgdbmyr, ynbt lcdj
g` dc{m ygqc{it ynmtm dnc{cdym{t dcf gflr km dgftbim{mi bfymfybgfcl, ct qbll km ibtd}ttmi
lcym{ yn{g}ang}y ynbt mttcr&
Ynm tmdgfi ecyym{, ynm s}mtybgf g` cy{bc{dnr bt c dmfy{cl btt}m bf g{im{ yg
}fim{tycfi C}tymft fc{{cybpm ymdnfbs}m yn{g}ang}y ynm fgpml& Cddg{ibfa yg _nbllbm C{bt1,
qgemf bf c cy{bc{dncl tgdbmyr dcf gflr km imtd{bkmi kr yqg cfycagfbtybd pbmqt8 ynmr dcf
km mbynm{ cy yg ec{{bcam, tngq t}kebttbgf yg ynm n}tkcfi, tglpm cll ynmb{ {gklmet qbyn
c``mdybgf cfi kmlgfa yg ynm igemtybd mfpb{gfemfy: g{ km ec{abfclbxmi, {mtmfy
c}yngfgeg}t kmncpbg}{, tm~}cl imtb{m cfi km bftm{ymi bf ynm ty{mmy mfpb{gfemfy&
Ynm egty beg{ycfy btt}m bf ynmtm imtd{bybgft yncy dgfdm{f _{bim cfi
_{mh}ibdm bt qgemft t}kebttbgf yg emf, egty beg{ycfylr qnmf by dgemt yg imdbtbgf
ecjbfa& Clyng}an ecfr dcf c{a}m yncy Mlbxckmyn igmt fgy `gllgq yncy cyym{f, bf ynm
`gllgqbfa m~y{cdy ynm nm{gbfm nm{tml s}mtybgft nm{ gqf tmftm g` h}iamemfy8 Ngq
ib``m{mfylr ibi mpm{rynbfa fgq cmc{ bf qnbdn nm .E{& Ic{dr" qct dgfdm{fmi# .&&&" Tnm
a{mq cktgl}ymlr ctncemi g` nm{tml`& G` fmbynm{ Ic{dr fg{ Qbdjnce dg}li tnm ynbfj qbyng}y
`mmlbfa yncy tnm nci kmmf klbfi, c{ybcl, {mh}ibdmi, ckt}{i& Ngq imtbdcklr ncpm B cdymi#
tnm d{bmi: B, qng ncpm {bimi ertml` gf er ibtdm{femfy# .&&&" Ybll ynbt egemfy B fmpm{
jfmq ertml`&>
0 Qbllbcet, [& Dge}fbicimt dgafgtdpmbt& Bf8 G dcepg m c dbicim& Mi& Dgecfnbc ict Lmy{ct, T_, 32>2
&;;21 C{bmt, _& G ceg{ fg dctcemfyg& Bf8 Tm~}clbicim Gdbimfycl& T_& K{ctblbmftm& 322=&>> C}tymf, H&_{bim cfi _{mh}ibdm& _mfa}bf kggjt& Lgfigf 3229
8/14/2019 Paper 10 - YAWP 4
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8/14/2019 Paper 10 - YAWP 4
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DCFIBIG, C&, ;??9& G ib{mbyg lbym{cy}{c& Bf8 P{bgt mtd{bygt& Mi& I}ct Dbicimt m G}{g cx}l& Tg _c}lg m
[bg im Hcfmb{g& & 319
LMPB%TY[C]TT, D&, 32>4& C m`bddbc tbeklbdc& Bf8Cfy{gpglgabc mty{}y}{cl& [H& Ymeg K{ctblbmftm&
ABFXK][A, D& Tbfcbt8 [cxmt im }e c{cibaec bfibdb{bg& Bf8 Ebygt, meklmect, mbfcbt&
QBLLBCET, [&, 32>2& Dge}fbicimt dgafgtdpmbt& Bf8 G dcepg m c dbicim& Mi& Dgecfnbc ict Lmy{ct, T_,
&;;2&
YCFFM[, Y&, 32>0& Jfgqlmiam cfi gbfbgf8 _{bim cfi {mh}ibdm& Bf8 Hcfm C}tymf& Ynm Ecdebllbcf _{mtt,
Lgfigf, &331
C[BMT, _&, 322=& G ceg{ fg dctcemfyg& Bf8 Tm~}clbicim gdbimfycl& T_& K{ctblbmftm&
DGYYGE, I&, 32>=& Ynm dgfy{gl g` emcfbfa& Bf8 Ynm dbblbxmi gecabfcybgf& Dcek{biam ]fbpm{tbyr _{mtt&
&>3&
C]TYMF, H&, 3229&_{bim cfi p{mh}ibdm& _mfa}bf Kggjt& Lgfigf&